It was from the Clamart Salon that Paulette Nardal and the Haitian Dr. Leo Sajou founded La revue du Monde Noir ( 1931 – 32 ), a literary journal published in English and French, which attempted to be a mouthpiece for the growing movement of African and Caribbean intellectuals in Paris.

The Haitian army, now led by Dessalines, devastated Rochembeau and the French army at the Battle of Vertières on November 18, 1803.

The entire island remained under Haitian rule until 1844, when in the east a nationalist group called La Trinitaria led a revolt that helped convert the country into the Dominican Republic.

In 2002, the Canadian International Development Agency led a training program for Haitian Credit Unions.

* 2004 Haitian coup d ' état – a conflict fought for several weeks in Haiti during February 2004 that resulted in the premature end of President Jean-Bertrand Aristide's second term, and the installment of an interim government led by Gerard Latortue.

* February 9, 1822 – The invading Haitian forces led by Jean Pierre Boyer arrive in Santo Domingo, to overthrow the newly founded Republic.

* February 9 – The invading Haitian forces led by Jean Pierre Boyer arrive in Santo Domingo, to overthrow the newly founded Republic.

* November 18 – Battle of Vertières: The Haitian army led by Jean-Jacques Dessalines defeats the army of Napoleon.

Nicknamed the " Pearl of the Antilles ", Saint-Domingue became the richest colony in the Caribbean before a 1791 slave revolt, which began the Haitian Revolution, led to freedom for the colony's slaves in 1794 and, a decade later, complete independence for the country, which renamed itself Haiti.

Famous historic slave rebellions have been led by the Roman slave Spartacus ; the thrall Tunni who rebelled against the Swedish monarch Ongentheow, a rebellion that needed Danish assistance to be quelled ; the poet-prophet Ali bin Muhammad, who led imported east African slaves in Iraq during the Zanj Rebellion against the Abbasid Caliphate in the ninth century ; Granny Nanny of the Maroons who rebelled against the British in Jamaica ; the Haitian Revolution, the only slave revolt which led to the founding of a country ; Denmark Vesey in South Carolina, USA ; and Madison Washington during the Creole case in 19th century America.

* One of the most successful slave uprisings was the Haitian Revolution, which began in 1791 and was eventually led by Toussaint L ' Ouverture, culminating in the independent black republic of Haiti.

Santo Domingo was again the capital of a free nation, when Dominicans gained their independence from Haitian rule on February 27, 1844 led by their national hero Juan Pablo Duarte.

In September 1991 the army performed a coup against him ( 1991 Haitian coup d ' état ), led by Army General Raoul Cédras, who had been promoted by Aristide in June to Commander in Chief of the Army.

It is Ogun who is said to have planted the idea in the heads of, led and given power to the slaves for the Haitian Revolution of 1804.

In the nineteenth century, slave revolts such as the Haitian Revolution and especially the 1831 rebellion led by Nat Turner increased slaveholder fears, and most southern states passed laws making manumission nearly impossible.

The Haitian revolution of 1791 led to many colonial French and their slaves fleeing to Oriente.

He led the 2004 Haitian coup d ' état that ousted Jean-Bertrand Aristide and he was a presidential candidate in the Haitian general election, 2006.

Equal rights for free people of color became an early central issue of the Haitian Revolution, although the struggle within Haiti between the gens de couleur led by Julien Raimond and the black Haitians led by Toussaint Louverture devolved into the War of the Knives.

The Haitian Revolution was the only slave revolt which led to the founding of a state.

It was fought between Haitian rebels led by Jean-Jacques Dessalines and the French colonial army under the Viscount of Rochambeau.

Haitian forces, led by Boyer, invaded neighboring Dominican Republic in February 1822.

The western valleys, along the Haitian border, remain relatively dry, with less than of annual precipitation, due to the rain shadow effect caused by the central and northern mountain ranges.

That clean sheet stretch was ended by Haitian soccer player Manno Sanon's beautiful goal during the 1974 World Cup.

A 1795 slave rebellion inspired by the Haitian Revolution very nearly succeeded, and was crushed with significant military intervention.

However, each act of brutality was repaid by the Haitian rebels.

In a final act of retribution, the remaining French were slaughtered by Haitian military forces.

Haiti agreed to pay the price to lift a crippling embargo imposed by France, Britain, and the United States — but to do so, the Haitian government had to take out high interest loans.

The last two decades of the 19th century were also marked by the development of a Haitian intellectual culture.

Lacking any source of adequate funds, they revived an 1864 Haitian law, discovered by Butler, requiring peasants to perform labor on local roads in lieu of paying a road tax.

However, Haitian peasants forced to work in the corvée labor-gangs, frequently dragged from their homes and harassed by armed guards, received few immediate benefits and saw this system of forced labor as a return to slavery at the hands of white men.

Haitian historians have estimated the true number was much higher ; one suggested, " the total number of battle victims and casualties of repression and consequences of the war might have reached, by the end of the pacification period, four or five times that-somewhere in the neighborhood of 15, 000 persons.

He also attempted to gain the favor of the Garde — renamed the Haitian Army ( Armée d ' Haïti ) in March 1947 — by promoting Lavaud to brigadier general and by seeking United States military assistance.

The period between the fall of Magloire and the election of Duvalier in September 1957 was a chaotic one, even by Haitian standards.

" The election was followed several months later by the Haitian presidential election, 1988, which was boycotted by almost all the previous candidates, and saw turnout of just 4 %.

During this period, the Haitian National Intelligence Service ( SIN ), which had been set up and financed in the 80s by the Central Intelligence Agency as part of the war on drugs, participated in drug trafficking and political violence.

Although Aristide accepted the plan, it was rejected by the opposition, which mostly consisted of Haitian businessmen and former members of the army ( who sought to reinstate the military following Aristide's disbandment of it ).

On January 12, 2010, Haiti suffered a devastating earthquake, magnitude 7. 0 with a death toll estimated by the Haitian government at over 300, 000, and by non-Haitian sources from 50, 000 to 220, 000.

* Centuries of Western Subversion of Haitian Sovereignty-documentary excerpt by Democracy Now!

US economic engagement under the Haitian Hemispheric Opportunity through Partnership Encouragement ( HOPE ) Act, passed in December 2006, has boosted apparel exports and investment by providing duty-free access to the US.

In 2012 it was reported that confidential agreements and negotiations had been entered into by the Haitian government granting licenses for exploration or mining of gold and associated metals such as copper for over 1, 000 square miles in the mineralized zone stretching from east to west across northern Haiti.

USA economic engagement under the Haitian Hemispheric Opportunity through Partnership Encouragement ( HOPE ) Act, from December 2006, increased apparel exports and investment by providing tariff-free access to the USA.