** Han Fei

Legalism is a pragmatic political philosophy synthesized by Shang Yang and Han Fei.

Both Shang Yang and Han Fei promoted the absolute adherence to the rule of law, regardless of the circumstances or the person.

** Xun Zi, another Confucius ' follower, closer to realism, teacher of Han Fei and Li Si

* Han Fei, one of the most notable theoreticians of Legalism

For example, it denies Yue Fei, a " Han Chinese " who fought for China against the Jurchens, a place as a " hero of China ".

** Hanfeizi, attributed to Han Fei.

Academic publishers are more likely than others to adopt pinyin ; Columbia University Press changed the titles of Burton Watson's translations from " Chuang Tzu " to " Zhuangzi " and from " Han Fei Tzu " to " Hanfeizi ".

Han Fei Tzu: Basic Writings.

Nevertheless, they were wary of some of the more atheistic thinkers of the time, such as Han Fei.

The Legalist philosopher Han Fei spoke disparagingly of youxias in his book Han Feizi in the chapter On Five ' Maggot ' Classes ( 韩非子 · 五蠹 ) about the five social classes in the Spring and Autumn Period.

* Han Fei, Chinese philosopher from State of Han ( 280 – 233 BC )

* Zhang Fei, general of Shu Han ( d. 221 )

* Fei Yi, an official of Shu Han ( approximate date ) ( d. 253 )

The Qin put into practice the teachings of Han Fei, allowing the First Emperor to control all of his territories, including those recently conquered.

Other philosophers, theorists, and schools of thought in this era were Mozi, founder of Mohism ; Mencius, a famous Confucian who expanded upon Confucius ' legacy ; Shang Yang and Han Fei, responsible for the development of ancient Chinese Legalism ( the core philosophy of the Qin Dynasty ); and Xun Zi, who was arguably the center of ancient Chinese intellectual life during his time, even more so than iconic intellectual figures such as Mencius.

* 233 BC – Han Fei, Chinese philosopher who, along with Li Si, has developed Xun Zi's philosophy into the doctrine embodied by the School of Law ( or Legalism ) ( b. c. 280 BC )

** Liu Xingju, Chinese prince of the Han Dynasty and a key player during the Lü Clan Disturbance ( 180 BC ), grandson of Emperor Gao of Han and son of Prince Liu Fei of Qi

They had able military officers such as Yue Fei and Han Shizhong.

The imperial court often believed that successful generals endangered royal authority, and relieved or even executed them ( notably Li Gang, Yue Fei, and Han Shizhong.

* Liu Xingju, Chinese prince of the Han Dynasty and a key player during the Lü Clan Disturbance ( 180 BC ), grandson of Emperor Gao of Han and son of Prince Liu Fei of Qi

Under the succeeding Han Dynasty and Tang Dynasty, Confucian ideas gained even more widespread prominence.

As Moism lost support by the time of the Han, the main philosophical contenders were Legalism, which Confucian thought somewhat absorbed, the teachings of Lao-tzu, whose focus on more mystic ideas kept it from direct conflict with Confucianism, and the new Buddhist religion, which gained acceptance during the Southern and Northern Dynasties era.

The Confucian thinker Xun Zi is sometimes considered as being influenced by or having nourished Legalist ideas, mostly because of two of his disciples ( Li Si and Han Fei ).

By this point, many other rebel leaders had become jealous of Liu Yan's capabilities, and while a good number of their men admired Liu Yan and wanted him to become the emperor of a newly declared Han Dynasty, they had other ideas.

In 141 BC, under the reign of Emperor Wu of Han, Shen Buhai's name was listed with other legalist thinkers whose ideas were officially banned from the government ; from that point on, scholarship on the ideas of Shen Buhai went into a steep decline.

By this point, many other rebel leaders had become jealous of Liu Yan's capabilities, and while a good number of their men admired Liu Yan and wanted him to become the emperor of a newly declared Han Dynasty, they had other ideas.

By this point, many other rebel leaders had become jealous of Liu Yan's capabilities, and while a good number of their men admired Liu Yan and wanted him to become the emperor of a newly declared Han Dynasty, they had other ideas.

Shang Yang's theories were further elaborated later by Han Fei, who combined Shang's ideas with those of Shen Buhai and Shen Dao, that would form the core of the philosophies of Legalism.

The dagger-axe, or GUH ( Chinese: 戈 ; pinyin: gē ; Wade-Giles: ko ; sometimes confusingly translated " halberd ") is a type of weapon that was in use from Shang dynasty until at least Han dynasty China.

In the Shang Dynasty the Big Dipper was considered a deity, while during the Han Dynasty, it was considered a qi path of the circumpolar god, Taiyi.

Empress Deng Sui placed her son Shang Di ( barely 3 months old ) on the throne, as the fifth emperor of the Chinese Eastern Han Dynasty.

* Ren Shang, general of Han Dynasty

Working from all the available documents, the Han dynasty historian Sima Qian assembled a sequential account of the Shang dynasty as part of his Records of the Grand Historian.

* 220 BC – Zhang Zhongjing publishes Shang Han Lun ( On Cold Disease Damage ).

The existence of the early Kingdom of Shu was poorly recorded in the main historical records of China, it was however referred to in the Han Dynasty text Shiji by Sima Qian as an ally of the Zhou who defeated the Shang.

# Redirect Emperor Shang of Han

From at least the time of the Shang dynasty, the Han Chinese observed a number of naming taboos regulating who may or may not use a person's given name ( without being disrespectful ).

Although proto-porcelain wares exist dating from the Shang Dynasty ( 1600 – 1046 BCE ), by the Eastern Han Dynasty period ( 196 – 220 ) glazed ceramic wares had developed into porcelain.

The most notable schools of thought include Mohism, expounded by Mozi ; Confucianism, represented by Mencius and Xunzi ; Taoism, represented by Zhuangzi, and Legalism, represented by Shang Yang and Han Feizi.

During the Han dynasty the Great Learning rose to prominence, and the Classic of Rites had to be re-organized by Dai De and Dai Shang.

While Shang Yang ( the Prime Minister of Duke Xiao of Qin ) would allow rulers to listen to musical instruments rather than focus on foreign policy, Han Fei ( the Legalist scholar most admired by the First Qin Emperor, Qin Shi Huangdi ) demanded more of the wise ruler.

Many such treasures dated back to the Shang, Zhou and Han dynasties and were up to 3, 600 years old.

# REDIRECT Emperor Shang of Han

The School of Law or Legalism ( 法家 ; Fǎjiā ; Fa-chia ; " School of law ") doctrine was formulated by Li Kui, Shang Yang ( d. 338 BC ), Han Feizi ( d. 233 BC ), and Li Si ( d. 208 BC ), who maintained that human nature was incorrigibly selfish ; accordingly, the only way to preserve the social order was to impose discipline from above, and to see to a strict enforcement of laws.

It was a capital during the five dynasties of Xia, Shang, Guan, Zheng, and Han, and a prefecture during the eight dynasties of Sui, Tang, Five Dynasties, Song, Jin, Yuan, Ming, and Qing.

# Redirect Emperor Shang of Han

The origin of this term is the Shang Han Lun, a ~ 220 CE Chinese Medical text on cold induced disease-like most Asian countries China's medical sciences were a profound influence in Vietnam, especially between the 5th and 7th Centuries CE.

From the various definitions of high-fired ceramics, it is agreed that the earliest stoneware is encountered in the late Shang dynasty in China, with large quantities in production by the Han dynasty.

However, there are great differences between the highly pictorial Shang emblem ( aka " identificational ") characters on bronzes ( see " ox " clan insignia at left ), typical Shang bronze graphs, writing on bronzes from the middle of the Zhou dynasty, and that on late Zhou to Qin, Han and subsequent period bronzes.