This information validates the basic reliability of Manetho's kinglist records since Hatshepsut's known accession date was I Shemu day 4, ( i. e.: Hatshepsut died 9 months into her 22nd year as king, as Manetho writes in his Epitome for a reign of 21 years and 9 months ).

Moreover, by the latter half of Thutmose III's reign, the more prominent high officials who had served Hatshepsut would have died, thereby eliminating the powerful religious and bureaucratic resistance to a change in direction in a highly stratified culture.

After Hatshepsut died, Thutmose, in an inscription describing his first campaign, said it was in his 22nd year of reign, thereby counting his regnal years from the time his father died, not from the death of Hatshepsut.

A mural depicting sacks of frankincense traded from the Land of Punt adorns the walls of the temple of ancient Egyptian Queen Hatshepsut, who died in circa 1458 BCE.

He died during the reign of Hatshepsut before Thutmose III assumed the throne in Hatshepsut's 22nd regnal year.

An avenue of sphinxes still leads to the tomb of the pharaoh Hatshepsut ( died 1458 BCE ); see the entry Sphinx.

Hatshepsut died after a 22-year reign and, Thutmose III became pharaoh.

Neferure had died without leaving another heir, but there were others in line to become pharaoh, so the co-regency assured that these royal offspring with closer ties to Hatshepsut would be removed from the line of descent, and Thutmose III's chosen heir would rule.

He was a child when his father, Thutmose II, died and his mother was not his father's royal wife, Hatshepsut, but a secondary wife outside of the royal lineage.

Today Egyptologists generally agree that Hatshepsut assumed the position of pharaoh and the length of her reign usually is given as twenty-two years, since she was assigned a reign of twenty-one years and nine months by the third-century BCE historian, Manetho, who had access to many historical records that now are lost.

Sobekneferu, ruling six dynasties prior to Hatshepsut, also did so when she ruled Egypt.

Notably, even after assuming the formal regalia, Hatshepsut still described herself as a beautiful woman, often as the most beautiful of women, and although she assumed almost all of her father's titles, she declined to take the title " The Strong Bull " ( the full title being, The Strong Bull of his Mother ), which tied the pharaoh to the goddesses Isis, the throne, and Hathor, ( the cow who gave birth to and protected the pharaohs )— by being her son sitting on her throne — an unnecessary title for her, since Hatshepsut became allied with the goddesses, herself, which no male pharaoh could.

While Hatshepsut was depicted in official art wearing regalia of a pharaoh, such as the false beard that male pharaohs also wore, it is most unlikely that she ever wore such ceremonial decorations, just as it is unlikely that the male pharaohs did.

Heket, the goddess of life and fertility, and Khnum then lead Ahmose along to a lioness ' bed where she gives birth to Hatshepsut.

Hatshepsut claimed that she was her father's intended heir and that he made her the heir apparent of Egypt.

Once she became pharaoh herself, Hatshepsut supported her assertion that she was her father's designated successor with inscriptions on the walls of her mortuary temple:

Hatshepsut had begun construction of a tomb when she was the Great Royal Wife of Thutmose II, but the scale of this was not suitable for a pharaoh, so when she ascended the throne, preparation for another burial started.

Had that been true, as head of the army, in a position given to him by Hatshepsut ( who was clearly not worried about her co-regent's loyalty ), he surely could have led a successful coup, but he made no attempt to challenge her authority during her reign and, her accomplishments and images remained featured on all of the public buildings she built for twenty years after her death.

It is thought that Amenhotep III removed most signs of Hatshepsut, while taking credit for the projects she had built.

In the relief shown to the right, which is on the wall of the Hatshepsut Temple at Luxor, there are two images of Wadjet: one of her as the uraeus sun disk with her head through an ankh and another where she precedes a Horus hawk wearing the double crown of united Egypt, representing the pharaoh whom she protects.

Hatshepsut is unusual as she was a female pharaoh, a rare occurrence in Egyptian history.

Hatshepsut had scenes created showing how the god Amun approached her mother, Ahmose, and how she ( Hatshepsut ) was of divine birth.

" Other vessels which bore the names and titles of Thutmose I had also been inscribed by his son and successor, Thutmose II, as well as fragments of stone vessels made for Hatshepsut before she herself became king as well as other vessels which bore her royal name of ' Maatkare ' which would have been made only after she took the throne in her own right.

" However, when the sarcophagus was complete, Hatshepsut decided to commission an entirely new sarcophagus for herself while she donated the existing finished sarcophagus to her father, Thutmose I.

Some archaeologists believe that Hatshepsut was the real power behind the throne during Thutmose II ’ s rule because of the similar domestic and foreign policies which were later pursued under her reign and because of her claim that she was her father ’ s intended heir.

Earlier in that same dynasty, a similar attack on Hatshepsut was carried out.

Hatshepsut (; also Hatchepsut ; meaning Foremost of Noble Ladies ; 1508 – 1458 BC ) was the fifth pharaoh of the Eighteenth dynasty of Ancient Egypt.

Although contemporary records of her reign are documented in diverse ancient sources, Hatshepsut was described by early modern scholars as only having served as a co-regent from approximately 1479 to 1458 BC, during years seven to twenty-one of the reign previously identified as that of Thutmose III.

As a regent Hatshepsut was preceded by Merneith of the first dynasty, who was buried with the full honors of a pharaoh and may have ruled in her own right.

Hatshepsut was given a reign of about twenty-two years by ancient authors.

At this point in the histories, records of the reign of Hatshepsut end, since the first major foreign campaign of Tuthmosis III was dated to his twenty-second year, which also would have been Hatshepsut's twenty-second year as pharaoh.

The earliest attestation of Hatshepsut as pharaoh occurs in the tomb of Ramose and Hatnofer where a collection of grave goods contained a single pottery jar or amphora from the tomb's chamber — which was stamped with the date Year 7.

Another jar from the same tomb — which was discovered in situ by a 1935 – 1936 Metropolitan Museum of Art expedition on a hillside near Thebes — was stamped with the seal of the ' God's Wife Hatshepsut ' while two jars bore the seal of ‘ The Good Goddess Maatkare ’</ ref > The dating of the amphorae, " sealed into the burial chamber by the debris from Senenmut's own tomb ," is undisputed which means that Hatshepsut was acknowledged as the king of Egypt by Year 7 of her reign.

Trade with other countries was re-established ; here trees transported by ship from Punt are shown being moved ashore for planting in Egypt — relief from Hatshepsut mortuary temple

Although many Egyptologists have claimed that her foreign policy was mainly peaceful, there is evidence that Hatshepsut led successful military campaigns in Nubia, the Levant, and Syria early in her career.

Hatshepsut was one of the most prolific builders in ancient Egypt, commissioning hundreds of construction projects throughout both Upper Egypt and Lower Egypt.

During her reign, so much statuary was produced that almost every major museum in the world has Hatshepsut statuary among their collections ; for instance, the Hatshepsut Room in New York City's Metropolitan Museum of Art is dedicated solely to some of these pieces.

The Temple of Pakhet was built by Hatshepsut at Beni Hasan in the Minya Governorate south of Al Minya.

This temple was altered later and some of its inside decorations were usurped by Seti I, in the nineteenth dynasty, attempting to have his name replace that of Hatshepsut.

Modern scholars, however, have theorized that by assuming the typical symbols of pharaonic power, Hatshepsut was asserting her claim to be the sovereign rather than a " King's Great Wife " or queen consort.

Hatshepsut also traced her lineage to Mut, a primal mother goddess of the Egyptian pantheon, which gave her another ancestor who was a deity as well as her father and grandfathers, pharaohs who would have become deified upon death.