In his writings, Haushofer also adopted the view that borders are largely insignificant, especially as the nation ought to be in a frequent state of struggle with those around it.

States have, Haushofer argued, undeniable right to seek natural borders which would guarantee autarky.

Haushofer and the Munich school of geopolitik would eventually expand their conception of lebensraum and autarky well past the borders of 1914 and " a place in the sun " to a New European Order, then to a New Afro-European Order, and eventually to a Eurasian Order.

Haushofer and the Munich school of geopolitik would eventually expand their conception of lebensraum and autarky well past the borders of 1914 and " a place in the sun " to a New European Order, then to a New Afro-European Order, and eventually to a Eurasian Order.

Haushofer may have been a short-term student of Gurdjieff, that he had studied Zen Buddhism, and that he had been initiated at the hands of Tibetan lamas, although these notions are debated.

Pre-World War II political geography was concerned largely with these issues of global power struggles and influencing state policy, and the above theories were taken on board by German geopoliticians ( see Geopolitik ) such as Karl Haushofer who-perhaps inadvertently-greatly influenced Nazi political theory.

Haushofer developed Geopolitik from widely varied sources, including the writings of Oswald Spengler, Alexander Humboldt, Karl Ritter, Friedrich Ratzel, Rudolf Kjellén, and Halford J. Mackinder.

The term appears in precisely this form in the writings of the right-wing German writer Karl Haushofer during the 1920s.

Geopolitik developed from widely varied sources, including the writings of Oswald Spengler, Alexander Humboldt, Karl Ritter, Friedrich Ratzel, Rudolf Kjellén, and Karl Haushofer.

Haushofer was not interested in economic policy, but advocated autarky as well ; a nation constantly in struggle would demand self-sufficiency.

Walsh determined that Haushofer ought not stand trial.

Haushofer believed the Germans ' lack of geographical knowledge and geopolitical awareness to be a major cause of Germany ’ s defeat in World War I, as Germany had found itself with a poor alignment of allies and enemies.

Haushofer admits that after 1933 much of what he wrote was distorted under duress: his wife had to be protected by Hess's influence ( who managed to have her awarded ' honorary German ' status ); his son was implicated in the July 20 plot to assassinate Hitler and was executed by the Gestapo ; he himself was imprisoned in Dachau concentration camp for eight months ; and his son and grandson were imprisoned for two-and-a-half months.

It can be inferred from the episode that Hohenheim is the master of a secret society in a prestigious German university, and that he teaches alchemy to respected scholars ( Haushofer included ) in pre-Nazi Germany.

Though not ideologically or politically aligned with the Nazis himself even if he offered them intellectual support, geopolitician Karl Haushofer had also advocated for the partition of Switzerland between its surrounding countries in his work, where Romandy ( Welschland ) would be awarded to France, Ticino to Italy, and Central and Eastern Switzerland to Germany.

Haushofer admits that after 1933 much of what he wrote was distorted under duress: his wife had to be protected by Hess's influence ; his son was murdered by the Gestapo ; he himself was imprisoned in Dachau concentration camp for eight months ; and his son and grandson were imprisoned for two-and-a-half months.

The Thule Society, led by Karl Haushofer and Dietlinde Eckhart, use Envy and Edward's kidnapped father Hohenheim as catalysts to open a portal to Edward's world, believing it to be the utopia Shamballa after learning about it from Hohenheim.

Karl Haushofer was a frequent visitor to Landsberg Prison, where Hitler and Hess were jailed after the failed 1923 Beer Hall Putsch and Mein Kampf was written.

To Haushofer, the existence of a state depended on living space, the pursuit of which must serve as the basis for all policies.

To Haushofer, the existence of a state depended on living space, the pursuit of which must serve as the basis for all policies.

Haushofer entered academia with the aim of restoring and regenerating Germany.

After the establishment of the Nazi regime, Haushofer remained friendly with Rudolf Hess, who protected Haushofer and his wife from the racial laws of the Nazis, which deemed her a " half-Jew ".

During the pre-war years Haushofer was instrumental in linking Japan to the axis powers, acting in accordance with the theories of his book " Geopolitics of the Pacific Ocean ".

Haushofer was exposed to Ratzel, who was friends with Haushofer's father, a teacher of economic geography, and would integrate Ratzel's ideas on the division between sea and land powers into his theories, saying that only a country with both could overcome this conflict.

Father Edmund A. Walsh S. J., professor of geopolitics and dean at Georgetown University, who interviewed Haushofer after the allied victory in preparation for the Nuremberg trials, disagreed with Haushofer's assessment that geopolitik was terribly distorted by Hitler and the Nazis.

Haushofer was never a member of the Nazi Party, and did voice disagreements with the party, leading to his brief imprisonment.

Haushofer came under suspicion because of his contacts with left wing socialist figures within the Nazi movement ( led by Gregor Strasser ) and his advocacy of essentially a German – Russian alliance.

Eckardt and Haushofer put Hitler in contact with the Great Old Ones with their goal of helping the Nazis engineer superhuman bodies that could act as physical vehicles for these Dark Gods.

The controversial geopolitician Karl Haushofer was among the academics associated with it in its initial phases.

The German geostrategist General Karl Haushofer was exposed to Ratzel, who was friends with Haushofer ’ s father, and would integrate Ratzel ’ s ideas on the division between sea and land powers into his theories, saying that only a country with both could overcome this conflict.

Haushofer was exposed to Ratzel, who was friends with Haushofer's father, a teacher of economic geography, and would integrate Ratzel's ideas on the division between sea and land powers into his theories, saying that only a country with both of those could overcome this conflict.

Father Edmund A. Walsh S. J., professor of geopolitics and dean at Georgetown University, who interviewed Haushofer after the allied victory in preparation for the Nuremberg trials, disagreed with Haushofer's assessment that geopolitik was terribly distorted by Hitler and the Nazis.

Haushofer was never an ardent Nazi, and did voice disagreements with the party, leading to his brief imprisonment.

The historical record shows that German geopoliticians, chief among them General Karl Haushofer, were in contact with and taught Nazi officials, including Adolf Hitler, Rudolf Hess and Konstantin von Neurath.

Thus the concept of Lebensraum was picked up and expanded by publicists of the day, including Karl Haushofer and General Friedrich von Bernhardi.

Dietrich Bronder ( Bevor Hitler kam, 1964 ) alleged that other members of the Thule Society were later prominent in Nazi Germany: the list includes Dietrich Eckart ( who coached Hitler on his public speaking skills and had Mein Kampf dedicated to him ) as well as Gottfried Feder, Hans Frank, Hermann Göring, Karl Haushofer, Rudolf Hess, Heinrich Himmler and Alfred Rosenberg.

Pauwels claims Karl Haushofer, the father of geopolitics whose protegee was Deputy Reich Führer Rudolf Hess, as one of the real " seekers after truth " described by Gurdjieff.

After World War I, the thoughts of Rudolf Kjellén and Ratzel were picked up and extended by a number of German authors such as Karl Haushofer ( 1869 – 1946 ), Erich Obst, Hermann Lautensach and Otto Maull.

In 1923 Karl Haushofer founded the Zeitschrift für Geopolitik ( Journal for Geopolitics ), which later proved useful to Nazi Germany propaganda.

More recently Haushofer's influence within the Nazi Party has been questioned ( O ' Tuathail, 1996 ) since Haushofer failed to incorporate the Nazis ' racial ideology into his work.

Karl Ernst Haushofer ( August 27, 1869 – March 10, 1946 ) was a German general, geographer and geopolitician.

Through his student Rudolf Hess, Haushofer's ideas may have influenced the development of Adolf Hitler's expansionist strategies, although Haushofer denied direct influence on the Nazi regime.

Haushofer belonged to a family of artists and scholars.

On his graduation from the Munich Gymnasium ( high school ), Haushofer contemplated an academic career.

Haushofer continued his career as a professional soldier, serving in the army of Imperial Germany, and rising through the Staff Corp by 1899.

Haushofer was received by the Japanese emperor and got to know many important people in politics and armed forces.

In 1919 Haushofer became Privatdozent for political geography at Munich University and in 1933 professor.

Louis Pauwels, in his book " Monsieur Gurdjieff ", describes Haushofer as a former student of George Gurdjieff ; Others, including Pauwels, said that Haushofer created a Vril society ; and that he was a secret member of the Thule Society.

From September 24, 1945 on Karl Haushofer was informally interrogated by Father Edmund A. Walsh on behalf of the Allied forces to determine if he should stand trial at Nuremberg for war crimes.

Both drank arsenic and the wife then hanged herself while Haushofer was obviously too weak to do so too.

By 1924, as the leader of the German geopolitik school of thought, Haushofer would establish the Zeitschrift für Geopolitik monthly devoted to geopolitik.

Haushofer exercised influence both through his academic teachings, urging his students to think in terms of continents and emphasizing motion in international politics, and through his political activities.