* May 8-Friedrich Hayek, social scientist ( died 1992 )

Friedrich August Hayek CH (; 8 May 189923 March 1992 ), born in Austria-Hungary as Friedrich August von Hayek, was a British economist and philosopher best known for his defense of classical liberalism.

" Hayek, Friedrich August ( 1899 – 1992 )", Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, online

" A Few Remembrances of Friedrich von Hayek ( 1899 – 1992 )", Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 69 ( 1 ), pp. 1 – 4.

" Hayek, Friedrich A von ( 1899 – 1992 )," International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences, pp. 6482 – 6486.

* Biography of F. A. Hayek ( 1899 – 1992 ) and papers at the Ludwig von Mises Institute

* " The Road from Serfdom ", Thomas W. Hazlett, Reason, July 1992, includes his 1977 interview with Hayek

* 1899 – Friedrich Hayek, Austrian-bEnglish economist and philosopher, Nobel laureate ( d. 1992 )

It has been suggested that Friedrich Hayek had earlier proposed a similar idea in his book The Sensory Order: An Inquiry into the Foundations of Theoretical Psychology, published in 1952 ( Herrmann-Pillath, 1992 ).

* Friedrich Hayek ( 1899 – 1992 ), Austrian-British economist and political philosopher

He further explained in Dissent in 1992 that " capitalism has been as unmistakable a success as socialism has been a failure " and complimented Milton Friedman, Friedrich Hayek, and Ludwig von Mises on their insistence of the free market's superiority.

The Road to Serfdom is a book written by the Austrian-born economist and philosopher Friedrich von Hayek ( 1899 – 1992 ) between 1940 – 1943, in which he " warned of the danger of tyranny that inevitably results from government control of economic decision-making through central planning ," and in which he argues that the abandonment of individualism, classical liberalism, and freedom inevitably leads to socialist or fascist oppression and tyranny and the serfdom of the individual.

* Friedrich Hayek ( 1899 – 1992 )

* Friedrich von Hayek ( 1899 – 1992 )

Hayek ( 1899 – 1992 ) in 1944 galvanized opponents of the New Deal by arguing that the left in Britain was leading that nation down the " road to serfdom ".

* F. A. Hayek ( 1899 – 1992 )

Hayek regarded his years at Freiburg as " very fruitful ".

The University of Freiburg has been home to some of the greatest minds of the Western tradition, including such eminent figures as Martin Heidegger, Hannah Arendt, Rudolf Carnap, David Daube, Johann Eck, Hans-Georg Gadamer, Friedrich Hayek, Edmund Husserl, Friedrich Meinecke, and Max Weber.

Nobel Prize winner and former professor at the University of Freiburg, Friedrich Hayek is also associated with this theory.

Hayek lived in Austria, Great Britain, the United States and Germany, and became a British subject in 1938.

Unwilling to return to Austria after the Anschluss brought it under the control of Nazi Germany in 1938, Hayek remained in Britain and became a British subject in 1938.

Hayek did not like the expression “ social market economy ”, but he noticed in 1976 that some of his friends in Germany had succeeded in implementing the sort of social order for which he was pleading while using that phrase.

Hayek argued that the road to socialism leads society to totalitarianism, and argued that fascism and Nazism were the inevitable outcome of socialist trends in Italy and Germany during the preceding period.

There was a revival of interest in classical liberalism in the 20th century led by Friedrich Hayek and Milton Friedman.

This difficulty was notably written about by economists Ludwig von Mises and Friedrich Hayek, both of whom called it the " economic calculation problem ".

It was first proposed by Ludwig von Mises in 1920 and later expounded by Friedrich Hayek.

Part of the reason that Hayek stressed the knowledge problem was also because he was mainly concerned with debating the proposal for Market Socialism and the Lange Model by Oskar R. Lange ( 1938 ) and Hayek's student Abba Lerner ( 1934, 1937, 1938 ), which was developed in response to the calculation argument.

Hayek was born in Vienna ( then the capital of Austria-Hungary ), and was the son of August von Hayek, a doctor in the municipal health service.

On his mother's side, Hayek was second-cousin to the philosopher Ludwig Wittgenstein.

As a result of their family relationship, Hayek became one of the first to read Wittgenstein's Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus when the book was published in its original German edition in 1921.

In school Hayek was much taken by one instructor's lectures on Aristotle's ethics.

Hayek suffered damage to his hearing in his left ear during the war, and was decorated for bravery.

Hayek said about his experience: " The decisive influence was really World War I.

Upon the completion of his examinations, Hayek was hired by Ludwig von Mises on the recommendation of Wieser as a specialist for the Austrian government working on the legal and economic details of the Treaty of Saint Germain.

It was sometime after reading Socialism that Hayek began attending Ludwig von Mises ' private seminars, joining several of his university friends, including Fritz Machlup, Alfred Schutz, Felix Kaufmann, and Gottfried Haberler, who were also participating in Hayek's own, more general, private seminar.

Upon his arrival in London, Hayek was quickly recognized as one of the leading economic theorists in the world, and his development of the economics of processes in time and the coordination function of prices inspired the ground-breaking work of John Hicks, Abba Lerner, and many others in the development of modern microeconomics.

In 1932, Hayek suggested that private investment in the public markets was a better road to wealth and economic coordination in Britain than government spending programs, as argued in a letter he co-signed with Lionel Robbins and others in an exchange of letters with John Maynard Keynes in The Times.

Hayek was concerned about the general view in Britain's academia that fascism was a capitalist reaction to socialism and The Road to Serfdom arose from those concerns.

It was first published in Britain by Routledge in March 1944 and was quite popular, leading Hayek to call it " that unobtainable book ," also due in part to wartime paper rationing.

Asked about the liberal, non-democratic rule by a Chilean interviewer, Hayek is translated from German to Spanish to English as having said, " As long term institutions, I am totally against dictatorships.

Thatcher once told Friedrich Hayek: " I know you want me to become a Whig ; no, I am a Tory ".

In his 1994 " autobiographical dialog " Friedrich Hayek stated " I have always said that I am in favor of a minimum income for every person in the country.