It has also been observed, in helium 2, that large discrepancies can exist between surface vapor pressures and those pressures measured by a vapor pressure thermometer.

Exchange was also observed in these cells, which had chlorine present at Af.

At times, clumps of 10 to 15 closely-packed nuclei were also observed.

The same thing is also evidenced by the extreme `` culture-Protestantism '' so often observed to characterize the preaching and teaching of the American churches.

Agriculture generally speaking refers to human activities, although it is also observed in certain species of ant and termite.

In Western Christianity, this day is observed principally in the Catholic Church, although some churches of Anglican Communion and the Old Catholic Churches also celebrate it.

Aberration should also be distinguished from light-time correction, which is due to the motion of the observed object, like a planet, through space during the time taken by its light to reach an observer on Earth.

A number of harmful and undesired ( adverse ) effects have been observed, including lowered life expectancy, extrapyramidal effects on motor control – including akathisia ( an inability to sit still ), trembling, and muscle weakness – weight gain, decrease in brain volume ( although this is being debated, since schizophrenia, which is often treated with antipsychotics, also causes a shrinkage of brain volume ), enlarged breasts ( gynecomastia ) in men and milk discharge in men and women ( galactorrhea due to hyperprolactinaemia ), lowered white blood cell count ( agranulocytosis ), involuntary repetitive body movements ( tardive dyskinesia ), diabetes, sexual dysfunction, a return of psychosis requiring increasing the dosage due to cells producing more neurochemicals to compensate for the drugs ( tardive psychosis ), and a potential for permanent chemical dependence leading to psychosis worse than before treatment began, if the drug dosage is ever lowered or stopped ( tardive dysphrenia ).

Detrimental effects on short term memory, which affect the way one figures and calculates ( although this also may be purely subjective ), may also be observed on high enough dosages.

Ring enhancement may also be observed in cerebral hemorrhages ( bleeding ) and some brain tumors.

Today, Beltane is also observed as a religious festival by Celtic neopagans.

It has also been observed that another peculiarity of the book is that it substitutes more modern and more common expressions for those that had then become unusual or obsolete.

The offside rule is also similar to that observed in association football ( soccer ).

Some grand unified theories of particle physics also predict that a single proton can decay, changing the baryon number by one ; however, this has not yet been observed under experiment.

Whereas it is paramagnetic at ambient conditions, it becomes antiferromagnetic upon cooling, and other magnetic transitions are also observed for many curium compounds.

Caloric reflex test also evaluates both cortical and brainstem function ; cold water is injected into one ear and the patient is observed for eye movement ; if the patient's eyes slowly deviate toward the ear where the water was injected, then the brainstem is intact, however failure to deviate toward the injected ear indicates damage of the brainstem on that side.

Cathode rays ( also called an electron beam or e-beam ) are streams of electrons observed in vacuum tubes.

While many designs achieved the aim of higher throughput at lower cost and also allowed high-level language constructs to be expressed by fewer instructions, it was observed that this was not always the case.

Similar behavior has also been observed among chimpanzees.

Coprophagia also has been observed in the naked mole rat.

The fact that the Sun has a million-degree corona was first discovered by Gotrian in 1939 and Bengt Edlén in 1941 by identifying the coronal lines ( observed since 1869 ) as transitions from low-lying metastable levels of the ground configuration of highly ionized metals ( the green FeXIV line at 5303 Å, but also the red line FeX at 6374 Å ).

They were first observed in the two 1970 rocket flights which also detected coronal holes.

It is also possible that the electron has an electric dipole moment, although this has not yet been observed ( see electron electric dipole moment for more information ).

The speckle pattern which is observed when laser light falls on an optically rough surface is also a diffraction phenomenon.

Whether or not Danchin is correct in suggesting that Thompson's resumption of the opium habit also dates from this period is, of course, a matter of conjecture.

Because many outstanding problems in number theory, such as Goldbach's conjecture are equivalent to solving the halting problem for special programs ( which would basically search for counter-examples and halt if one is found ), knowing enough bits of Chaitin's constant would also imply knowing the answer to these problems.

In computability theory, the Church – Turing thesis ( also known as the Turing-Church thesis, the Church – Turing conjecture, Church's thesis, Church's conjecture, and Turing's thesis ) is a combined hypothesis (" thesis ") about the nature of functions whose values are effectively calculable ; or, in more modern terms, functions whose values are algorithmically computable.

This conjecture is also supported by other letters Galois later wrote to his friends the night before he died.

He also managed to make out individual point sources in some of these nebulae, lending credence to Kant's earlier conjecture.

The answer to this question turned out to be negative: in 1952, Gleason, Montgomery and Zippin showed that if G is a topological manifold with continuous group operations, then there exists exactly one analytic structure on G which turns it into a Lie group ( see also Hilbert – Smith conjecture ).

In 1958 Bing proved a weak version of the Poincaré conjecture: if every simple closed curve of a compact 3-manifold is contained in a 3-ball, then the manifold is homeomorphic to the 3-sphere .< ref > Bing also described some of the pitfalls in trying to prove the Poincaré conjecture.

Berry's conjecture has also been shown to be equivalent to an information theoretic principle of least bias.

In this case A is called the hypothesis of the theorem ( note that " hypothesis " here is something very different from a conjecture ) and B the conclusion ( A and B can also be denoted the antecedent and consequent ).

The Arnold conjecture on the number of fixed points of Hamiltonian symplectomorphisms and Lagrangian intersections were also a major motivation in the development of Floer homology.

The Novikov self-consistency principle, also known as the Novikov self-consistency conjecture, is a principle developed by Russian physicist Igor Dmitriyevich Novikov in the mid-1980s to solve the problem of paradoxes in time travel, which is theoretically permitted in certain solutions of general relativity ( solutions containing what are known as closed timelike curves ).

The conjecture is also known as the 3n + 1 conjecture, the Ulam conjecture ( after Stanisław Ulam ), Kakutani's problem ( after Shizuo Kakutani ), the Thwaites conjecture ( after Sir Bryan Thwaites ), Hasse's algorithm ( after Helmut Hasse ), or the Syracuse problem ; the sequence of numbers involved is referred to as the hailstone sequence or hailstone numbers, or as wondrous numbers.

Paul Erdős said, allegedly, about the Collatz conjecture: " Mathematics is not yet ripe for such problems " and also offered $ 500 for its solution.

This is the content of the twin prime conjecture, which states There are infinitely many primes p such that p + 2 is also prime.

which is thus also a conjecture of Goldbach.

It is also known as the " strong ", " even ", or " binary " Goldbach conjecture, to distinguish it from a weaker corollary.

In fact, resolving the weak Goldbach conjecture will also directly imply that every even number n ≥ 4 is the sum of at most four primes .< ref >

This conjecture is known as Lemoine's conjecture ( also called Levy's conjecture ).