It has been argued that ethical egoism can lend itself to individualist anarchism such as that of Benjamin Tucker, or the combined anarcho-communism and egoism of Emma Goldman, both of whom were proponents of many egoist ideas put forward by Max Stirner.

" They argued that " genuine freedom and individuality could only exist in a free society " and that in contrast to " misanthropic bourgeois individualism " anarchism was based in " a deep love of freedom, understood as a social product, a deep respect for human rights, a profound celebration of humankind and its potential and a commitment to a form of society where a ' true individuality ' was irrevocably linked to ' the highest communist socieability '"

The anarcho-syndicalist, Fernand Pelloutier, argued in 1895 for renewed anarchist involvement in the labor movement on the basis that anarchism could do very well without " the individual dynamiter.

A well-known critique of free-market anarchism is by Robert Nozick, who argued that a competitive legal system would evolve toward a monopoly government – even without violating individuals rights in the process.

Since the late 1970s, punk rock has been associated with various left-wing or anti-establishment ideologies, including anarchism and socialism: punk's culture of DIY and disregard for musical virtuosity held an obvious attraction for those on the left-mirroring as it does workers ' control of the means of production, and empowerment of the powerless ( though some leftists, it can be argued, may see the DIY ethic as just another form of private enterprise )-and the genre as a whole came, largely through the Sex Pistols to be associated with anarchism.

The anarcho-syndicalist, Fernand Pelloutier, argued in 1895 for renewed anarchist involvement in the labor movement on the basis that anarchism could do very well without " the individual dynamiter.

David Weir has argued in Anarchy and Culture that anarchism only had some success in the sphere of cultural avant-gardism because of its failure as a political movement ; cognizant of anarchism's claims to overcome the barrier between art and political activism, he nevertheless suggests that this is not achieved in reality.

He argued, that the ethics of the Talmud, if properly understood, is closely related to anarchism.

Osugi Sakae argued for individual freedom using the principles of anarchism and unionism.

Graham D. Macklin argued that despite a protean capacity for change far-right groupuscules retain recognizable core fascist values ( i. e. palingenesis ), and therefore concludes that National-Anarchism is a synthesis of anarchism and fascism, specifically Evolian fascism, which represents a " revolt against the modern world ".

In 2008, Spencer Sunshine argued that National-Anarchism is a new version of the fascist right, influenced by Third Positionism, Nouvelle Droite, and primitivist green anarchism, whose main ideological innovation is a stateless palingenetic ultranationalism.

Bey argued that anarchism had become insular and sectarian, confusing the various anarchist schools of thought for the real experience of lived anarchy.

This is to avoid the notion that a writing system that represents sounds must be either a syllabary or an alphabet, which implies that a system like Aramaic must be either a syllabary ( as argued by Gelb ) or an incomplete or deficient alphabet ( as most other writers have said ); rather, it is a different type.

Kant argued that the goal of humanity it to achieve perfect happiness and virtue ( the summum bonum ) and believed that an afterlife must exist in order for this to be possible, and that God must exist to provide this.

Newman argued that, because the conscience suggests the existence of objective moral truths, God must exist to give authority to these truths.

As ought implies can, Kant argued, it must be possible for the summum bonum to be achieved.

Moreover they argued that some species have been created for the purpose of being sacrificed and eaten by humans, that it is normal for animals to kill and eat other animals, that agriculture, too, inevitably leads to the death of many animals, that plants are living beings as well and must still be destroyed, that we unintentionally and unknowingly destroy life forms all the time, and that a hunted animal has a fair chance to survive by killing the hunter.

John Miles Foley held, specifically with reference to the Beowulf debate, that while comparative work was both necessary and valid, it must be conducted with a view to the particularities of a given tradition ; Foley argued with a view to developments of oral traditional theory that do not assume, or depend upon, finally unverifiable assumptions about composition, and that discard the oral / literate dichotomy focused on composition in favor of a more fluid continuum of traditionality and textuality.

The Reformation theologian Calvin argued, Nahum painted God by which his nature must be seen, and " it is from that most memorable vision, when God appeared to Moses after the breaking of the tables.

Some, like Grafton Elliot Smith, argued that different groups must somehow have learned from one another, however indirectly ; in other words, they argued that cultural traits spread from one place to another, or " diffused ".

In the area of language acquisition, for example, some ( such as Steven Pinker ) have argued that specific information containing universal grammatical rules must be contained in the genes, whereas others ( such as Jeffrey Elman and colleagues in Rethinking Innateness ) have argued that Pinker's claims are biologically unrealistic.

Gandy's curiosity about, and analysis of, " cellular automata ", " Conway's game of life ", " parallelism " and " crystalline automata " led him to propose four " principles ( or constraints ) ... which it is argued, any machine must satisfy.

" When Robert B. Anderson, Eisenhower's first Secretary of the Navy argued that the Navy must recognize the " customs and usages prevailing in certain geographic areas of our country which the Navy had no part in creating ", Eisenhower overruled him: " We have not taken and we shall not take a single backward step.

Michael Wreen argued that “ the principal thing that distinguishes euthanasia from intentional killing simpliciter is the agent's motive: it must be a good motive insofar as the good of the person killed is concerned ”, a view mirrored by Heather Draper, who also spoke to the importance of motive, arguing that " the motive forms a crucial part of arguments for euthanasia, because it must be in the best interests of the person on the receiving end.

Draper argued that any definition of euthanasia must incorporate four elements: an agent and a subject ; an intention ; a causal proximity, such that the actions of the agent lead to the outcome ; and an outcome.

Other scholars have suggested that Hebrews is part of an internal New Testament debate between the extreme Judaizers ( who argued that non-Jews must convert to Judaism before they can receive the Holy Spirit of Jesus ' Jewish covenant ) versus the extreme Antinomians ( who argued that Jews must reject God's commandments and that Jewish law was no longer in effect ).

He argued that the country could not be taxed higher ; that tax exemptions for the nobility and clergy must be reduced ; and proposed that borrowing more money would solve the country's fiscal shortages.

Building on the earlier work of Ludwig von Mises and others, Hayek also argued that while in centrally planned economies an individual or a select group of individuals must determine the distribution of resources, these planners will never have enough information to carry out this allocation reliably.

In his 1925 essay " A Defence of Common Sense ", he argued against idealism and scepticism toward the external world on the grounds that they could not give reasons to accept their metaphysical premises that were more plausible than the reasons we have to accept the common sense claims about our knowledge of the world that sceptics and idealists must deny.

Taking account of the fact that such a move on our part would be unpopular in world opinion, he argued that the responsibility of the United States is `` to do, confidently and firmly, not what is popular, but what is right ''.

If only state funds were used to pay for the vocational education, it could be argued that the state should not have to bear the cost of vocational training which would benefit employers in other states.

Of course, it can be argued that an ability to write English correctly and with some degree of elegance is a marketable skill.

It could be argued that any fellowship which centers in residential neighborhoods is doomed to become an expression of the panic for stable identity among the middle classes.

It could be argued that only such neighborhoods can sustain religious activity, since worship presupposes some local stabilities.

Even so, Gannett judiciously argued, the Association could legitimately decide that Parker `` should not be encouraged nor assisted in diffusing his opinions by those who differ from him in regard to their correctness ''.

It might be argued that the Communists are less inhuman than the Nazis and furnish the artist with drama in a lower key.

The curve on the card the computer spat back at him couldn't be argued with, however.

Historian Allan Nevins argued that the newly inaugurated Lincoln made three miscalculations: underestimating the gravity of the crisis, exaggerating the strength of Unionist sentiment in the South, and not realizing the Southern Unionists were insisting there be no invasion.

Like other scholars of his day ( such as Edward Tylor ), Morgan argued that human societies could be classified into categories of cultural evolution on a scale of progression that ranged from savagery, to barbarism, to civilization.

Influenced by the German tradition, Boas argued that the world was full of distinct cultures, rather than societies whose evolution could be measured by how much or how little " civilization " they had.

He believed that each culture has to be studied in its particularity, and argued that cross-cultural generalizations, like those made in the natural sciences, were not possible.

Recently, Corey Anton has argued that we cannot be certain what is separate from or unified with something else: language, he asserts, divides what is not in fact separate.

Anti-Altaicists Gerard Clauson ( 1956 ), Gerhard Doerfer ( 1963 ), and Alexander Shcherbak argued that the words and features shared by Turkic, Mongolic, and Tungusic were for the most part borrowings and that the rest could be attributed to chance resemblances.

From here, it can be argued that, to the extent amateurs threaten the professional industry by providing free services, the professional industry has an interest in making its counterpart amateur activity shameful.

Furthermore, in 2002, Bligh's great-great-grandson Lord Clifton, the heir-apparent to the Earldom of Darnley, argued that the Ashes urn should not be returned to Australia because it belonged to his family and was given to the MCC only for safe keeping.

The US Chamber of Commerce argued that the costs of the ADA would be " enormous " and have " a disastrous impact on many small businesses struggling to survive ".

Amontons therefore argued that the zero of his thermometer would be that temperature at which the spring of the air in it was reduced to nothing.

Some jurisdictions allow force to be used in defense of property, to prevent damage either in its own right, or under one or both of the preceding classes of defense in that a threat or attempt to damage property might be considered a crime ( in English law, under s5 Criminal Damage Act 1971 it may be argued that the defendant has a lawful excuse to damaging property during the defense and a defense under s3 Criminal Law Act 1967 ) subject to the need to deter vigilantes and excessive self-help.