The stab-in-the-back myth ( German: )< ref > Despite the similarity of the German word Legende and the English word " legend ", " stab-in-the-back < u > myth </ u >" is the preferred term in English .</ ref > is the notion, widely believed in right-wing circles in Germany after 1918, that the German Army did not lose World War I but was instead betrayed by the civilians on the home front, especially the republicans who overthrew the monarchy.

According to the story, told mainly by the Roman historian Livy and the Greek historian Dionysius of Halicarnassus ( who lived in Rome at the time of the Roman Emperor Caesar Augustus ), her rape by the king's son and consequent suicide were the immediate cause of the revolution that overthrew the monarchy and established the Roman Republic.

The Russian Revolution spread into Mongolia, and overthrew its theocratic monarchy in 1924.

In Iran, the 1979 revolution overthrew the monarchy and created an Islamic Republic based the ideas of Islamic democracy.

* Egyptian general Gamel Abdel Nasser overthrew the Egyptian monarchy, establishing himself as President of Egypt.

Oliver Cromwell ( 1599 – 1658 ), the Parliamentarian leader who overthrew the monarchy during the English Civil War, was a great-great-grandson of Thomas Cromwell's sister, Katherine Cromwell ( born circa 1482 ).

A colonel in the Egyptian army, Nasser led the Egyptian Revolution of 1952 along with Muhammad Naguib, the first president, which overthrew the monarchy of Egypt and Sudan, and heralded a new period of modernization, and socialist reform in Egypt together with a profound advancement of pan-Arab nationalism, including a short-lived union with Syria.

Muammar Gaddafi who overthrew the monarchy of Idris of Libya in Libya in 1969, considered Nasser his hero and after his death, sought to succeed him as the " leader of the Arabs.

After the Austro-Sardinian War of 1859, much of northern Italy was unified under the House of Savoy, and Giuseppe Garibaldi led a revolution that overthrew the Bourbon monarchy in the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies.

In early 1918, a conservative German-supported coup overthrew the radical socialist Ukrainian Central Rada and its Ukrainian People's Republic, establishing a " Hetmanate " or monarchy headed by Pavlo Skoropadsky who claimed the title " Hetman of Ukraine ".

Despite this setback, according to Albert Sorel, the Orléanists subsisted under the First French Empire, and resurfaced when the revival of liberalism overthrew the restored legitimate monarchy of Louis XVIII and Charles X.

Phibunsongkhram was one of the leaders of the military branch of the People's Party ( Khana Ratsadon ) that staged a coup d ' état and overthrew the absolute monarchy in 1932.

The monarchy of Madagascar, known as the Merina Kingdom, came to an end in 1897 when France made it a colony and overthrew Queen Ranavalona III.

The ancient monarchy of China ceased to exist in 1912 after the revolution of Sun Yat-sen overthrew Emperor Puyi.

The monarchy of Afghanistan was abolished in 1973 after a coup d ' état overthrew King Mohammed Zahir Shah.

Political upheaval and Communist insurrection put an end to the monarchies of Indochina after World War II: a short-lived attempt to leave a monarchical form of government in post-colonial South Vietnam came to naught in 1955, a military coup overthrew the kingless monarchy in Cambodia in 1970 and a Communist takeover ended the monarchy in Laos in 1975.

Muammar al-Gaddafi's coup that overthrew the monarchy in oil-rich Libya in 1969 was especially ominous for Saudi Arabia due to the similarity between the two sparsely-populated desert countries.

Al-Bakr first rose to prominence following the 14 July Revolution which overthrew the monarchy.

Because of his close ties to the crown, Suwaidi was arrested in 1958 during the revolution that overthrew the monarchy.

Gaylani only returned from exile after the revolution that overthrew the Iraqi monarchy in 1958.

The Xinhai Revolution overthrew the Qing government and two thousand years of monarchy.

Zhou Enlai pointed out that the " Xinhai Revolution overthrew the Qing rule, ended 2000 years of monarchy, and liberated the mind of people to a great extent, and opened up the path for the development of future revolution.

On November 28, 1966, Micombero overthrew the monarchy and made himself president.

Their party was defeated ( 2 May 1182 ), but Andronikos Komnenos, a first cousin of Emperor Manuel, took advantage of these disorders to aim at the crown, entered Constantinople, where he was received with almost divine honours, and overthrew the government.

The party led the 1917 October Revolution that overthrew the Russian Provisional Government and claimed to have established the world's first socialist state.

Nereus and Proteus ( the " first ") seem to be two manifestations of the god of the sea who was supplanted by Poseidon when Zeus overthrew Cronus.

Eventually, the October Revolution, led by Bolshevik leader Vladimir Lenin, overthrew the Provisional Government and created the world ’ s first socialist state.

Shanxi was initially home to the jiedushi ( commander ) of Hedong, Li Cunxu, who overthrew the first of the Five Dynasties, Later Liang Dynasty ( 907-923 ) to establish the second, Later Tang Dynasty ( 923-936 ).

The two revolutions constituted a change in the composition of the country: the first overthrew the Tsar, and the second instituted the Soviet regime: a new form of government.

In 465 Lúthien with the help of Huan first overthrew Sauron and destroyed his fortress Tol-in-Gaurhoth and then in 466, with Beren, in the depths of Angband, they took a Silmaril from the Crown of Morgoth achieving what all the swords and armies and plans of the Noldor had failed to in nearly 500 years of war.

Deodoro da Fonseca, the marshal who crushed the revolt, much later overthrew Emperor Pedro II, and served as the first president of the Brazilian republic.

She was the guiding spirit of the first Fronde, when she brought over Armand de Bourbon, Prince de Conti, her second brother, and her husband to the malcontents, but she failed to attract Condé himself, whose loyalty to the court overthrew the first Fronde.

Cleomenes overthrew Demaratus, after first bribing the oracle at Delphi to announce that this was the divine will, and replaced him with Leotychides.

The Haitian military overthrew Aristide's first government in 1991.

He was the founding editor of the party's chief newspaper Kurdistani Nwe and helped organise the 1991 uprising in which the Kurd's overthrew Saddam Hussein's Baathist regime, Rahim was elected as the region's first deputy speaker of parliament.

They first invaded the Buddhist-Hindu dominated areas south of the Hindu Kush in Afghanistan and then overthrew the Persian Tahirid dynasty, annexing Khorasan in 873.

Founded in 1889, the party initially dominated all state politics for the state's first 20 years of existence, with the exception of a brief period from 1893 to 1894 in which the North Dakota Democratic-Independent Party briefly overthrew the Republican Party.

This was the first violent transition struggle in the Mongol and Yuan imperial history, which is also known as Coup d ' état at Nanpo, that the Non-Borjigins overthrew the Emperor.

During the reign of the Tang emperor Xizong, Zhou Yue overthrew first the prefect of Hengzhou Xu Hao in 881 and then the agent of the rebel Qin Zongquan in the capital of the Qinhua Circuit at Tan Prefecture ( modern Changsha ) in 886.

His first important public appearance was at the National Assembly in 1858, when it overthrew the autocratic power of Karađorđević.

Within the year, however, the young Edward III ( Eleanor's first cousin ) overthrew Queen Isabella's paramour, Roger Mortimer, 1st Earl of March, and had him executed.

They overthrew the samurai rulers of Kaga Province, and took control of it for themselves ; this represented the first time in Japanese history that a group of commoners ruled a province.

The thirteenth generation grandson of Qi ( 契 ), Tang overthrew the ruling Xia Dynasty and founded the Shang Dynasty, with its first capital at Nanbo ( 南亳, currently south of Shangqiu ).