In 1891, Goldwin Smith posited in his book Canada and the Canadian Question that Canada's eventual annexation by the United States was inevitable, and should be welcomed if Canadians genuinely believed in the ideal of democracy.

Historians have debated whether Hume posited a universal unchanging human nature, or allowed for evolution and development.

Against the conventionalism that the distinction between nature and custom could engender, Socrates and his philosophic heirs, Plato and Aristotle, posited the existence of natural justice or natural right ( dikaion physikon, δικαιον φυσικον, Latin ius naturale ).

Heraclitus of Ephesus on the western coast of Anatolia in modern Turkey ( 535-475 BCE ) posited that all things in nature are in a state of perpetual flux, connected by logical structure or pattern, which he termed Logos.

In addition to documenting about 2, 500 stars in his extensive star catalogue, Zhang also posited theories about the Moon and its relationship to the Sun ; specifically, he discussed the Moon's sphericity, its illumination by reflecting sunlight on one side and remaining dark on the other, and the nature of solar and lunar eclipses.

Grotius posited that individual human beings had natural rights ; Hobbes asserted that men consent to abdicate their rights in favor of the absolute authority of government ( whether monarchial or parliamentary ); Pufendorf disputed Hobbes's equation of a state of nature with war ; Locke believed that natural rights were inalienable, and that the rule of God therefore superseded government authority ; and Rousseau believed that democracy ( self-rule ) was the best way of ensuring the general welfare while maintaining individual freedom under the rule of law.

This historian posited the Jacobin and urban nature of the revolution carried out by the Portuguese Republican Party ( PRP ) and claimed that the PRP had turned the republican regime into a de facto dictatorship.

In fact, expectations would determine the nature of the equilibrium attained, reversing the line of causation posited by rational expectations theorists.

Giving examples of what he regards as the ineffectual nature of institutionalized education, Illich posited self-directed education, supported by intentional social relations, in fluid informal arrangements:

For Paul, in Romans chapter 2, the " natural law " is contrasted with the Mosaic Law posited on Mount Sinai in that the Jewish Nation possessed the latter while the Gentile Nations lacked the Law of Moses but possessed the former in virtue of knowing ( some of its central commandments ) and obeying it ( partially ) " by nature.

Ronald Hutton writes: work, both celebrated and controversial, posited the previous existence of a peaceful and intensely creative woman-centred civilization, in which humans, living in harmony with nature and their own emotions, worshipped a single female deity.

Once these many Ones have been posited, the nature of their relationship begins to unfold.

In 1906, the sociologist William Sumner posited that humans are a species that join together in groups by their very nature.

In contrast to Hobbes, who posited the state of nature as a hypothetical possibility, Locke took great pains to show that such a state did indeed exist.

Soon after his enthronement he forwarded his noted synodical letter to Pope Honorius I and to the Eastern patriarchs, explaining the orthodox belief in the two natures, human and divine, of Christ, as opposed to Monothelitism, which he viewed as a subtle form of heretical Monophysitism ( which posited a single nature for Christ ).

Maintaining that " to know a thing's nature is to know the reason why it is " and " we possess scientific knowledge of a thing only when we know its cause ", Aristotle posited four major sorts of cause as the most sought-after, middle terms of demonstration:

Some feminist scholars have posited that the prominent position of the genealogy is also an implicit reinforcement of the patriarchal nature of society.

He posited that these beliefs have led to an indifference towards nature which continues to impact in an industrial, " post-Christian " world.

Schelling took Fichte's position as his starting-point, and in his earliest writings posited that nature must have reality for itself.

This historian posited the Jacobin and urban nature of the revolution carried out by the Portuguese Republican Party ( PRP ) and claimed that the PRP had turned the republican regime into a de facto dictatorship.

Among a few kabbalists, it was posited that some human souls could end up being reincarnated into non-human bodies.

And a solemn diploma from Christ Church, Canterbury dated 873 is so poorly constructed and written that historian Nicholas Brooks posited a scribe who was either so blind he could not read what he wrote or who knew little or no Latin.

Plato posited a basic argument in The Laws ( Book X ), in which he argued that motion in the world and the Cosmos was " imparted motion " that required some kind of " self-originated motion " to set it in motion and to maintain that motion.

Since such life utilised strong nuclear forces instead of electromagnetic interactions, it was posited that life might function millions of times faster than typical on Earth.

The Stoic philosopher Epictetus posited that the greatest good was contentment and serenity.

He also posited that when matter contained too little of the fluid it was " negatively " charged, and when it had an excess it was " positively " charged.

Compared to other " visions of the future ," Bel Geddes ' was rather achievable — the most advanced technology posited was the automated highway system, of which General Motors built a working prototype by 1960.

Verner posited that the labor was organized into a hierarchy, consisting of two gangs of 100, 000 men, divided into five zaa or phyle of 20, 000 men each, which may have been further divided according to the skills of the workers.

He posited that arterial blood originated in the heart, from where it was distributed and consumed by all organs of the body.

Their ideology was also influenced by colonial French education, which posited Khmers as " Aryans among Asians ", who were morally superior to Chinese or Vietnamese.

Another, completely different, attempt to save " absolute " aether was made in the Lorentz-Fitzgerald contraction hypothesis, which posited that everything was affected by travel through the aether.

Because Christianity was an interpretation that posited itself as the interpretation, Nietzsche states that this dissolution leads beyond skepticism to a distrust of all meaning.

This notion was an underpinning for his concept of the spiral curriculum which posited the idea that a curriculum should revisit basic ideas, building on them until the student had grasped the full formal concept.

Lawrence's sexual orientation remains a controversial topic amongst historians ; though Bolt's primary source was ostensibly Seven Pillars, the film's portrayal seems informed by Richard Aldington's then-recent Biographical Inquiry ( 1955 ), which posited among other things that Lawrence was homosexual.

As Catherine the Great ’ s advisor Potemkin posited, this adoration was due to the fact that she was “ the only woman who looked truly fine, and completely a man … As she was tall and powerful, male attire suited her .” Though the balls were by far her most personally beloved and lavish events, Elizabeth often threw children ’ s birthday parties and wedding receptions for those affiliated with her Court, going so far as to provide dowries for each of her ladies-in-waiting.

It is often held that before evolution was developed as a scientific theory, there existed an essentialist view of biology that posited all species to be unchanging throughout time.

In the theoretical framework of imperial systems posited by Alexander J. Motyl the Aztec empire was an informal or hegemonic empire because it did not exert supreme authority over the conquered lands, it merely expected tributes to be paid.

) In 1920, psychiatrist Emil Kraepelin ( 1856 – 1926 ), the founder of contemporary scientific psychiatry, observed a " great number " of cases that had characteristics of both groups of psychoses that he originally posited were two distinct and separate illnesses, dementia praecox ( now called schizophrenia ) and manic depressive insanity ( now called bipolar disorder and recurrent depression ).

The album's cover showed a four-member group and its liner notes contained an elaborate back story, penned by Christian, which posited one Ritchie Burns as the founder and leader of the band.

Evidence is necessarily limited in any scientific enquiry, and this means underdetermination is a common result, where competing theories are posited on the same set of evidence.

In 1968, Milton Friedman, leader of the monetarist school of economics, and Edmund Phelps posited a unique full employment rate of unemployment, what they called the " natural " rate of unemployment.

While Wolff was not concerned to name this vital organising, reproducing power, Wolff's successor at the Göttingen school of physiology, Blumenbach, posited an explicitly formative drive ( nisus formativus or Bildungstrieb ) as part of the vital power more generally, but one that was responsible for " procreation, nourishment, and reproduction " distinguishing it from Wolff's essential power, which dealt only with nutrition ( sustenance ).

They used the concept of an āśraya ( substrate, refuge ) to explain the continuity of consciousness through rebirth, whereas the Pudgalavādins and the Vātsiputrīya school posited a pudgala ( a ' personal entity ' distinct from the five skandha ), and where non-Buddhist Indian philosophy typically referred to an ātman.