On the one hand, the major European nations had to maintain vis-a-vis each other an emphasis upon sovereignty, independence, formal equality -- thus insuring for themselves individually an optimal freedom of action to maintain the `` flexibility of alignment '' that the system required and to avoid anything approaching a repetition of the disastrous Napoleonic experience.

To free the factors of production was a major objective of the rising bourgeoisie, and this objective required that governmental authority -- administrative officials and judges -- be limited as precisely and explicitly as possible ; ;

On December 13, 2001, George W. Bush gave Russia notice of the United States ' withdrawal from the treaty, in accordance with the clause that required six months ' notice before terminating the pact — the first time in recent history that the United States has withdrawn from a major international arms treaty.

( Batting helmets at that time were not required to have an " ear flap "; indeed, it was not until 2002 that all major league batters were required to wear helmets with side protection.

This required the capture of the major fortress of Landau which guarded the Rhine, and the towns of Trier and Trarbach on the Moselle itself.

The definition of rapid cycling most frequently cited in the literature ( including the DSM ) is that of Dunner and Fieve: at least four major depressive, manic, hypomanic or mixed episodes are required to have occurred during a 12-month period.

The Combo law was supported by both major parties at the time ( PLN and PUSC ) as well as by President Rodriguez, but the first of three required legislative votes to approve it provoked the largest protest demonstrations the country had seen since 1970.

The major factors shaping a cuisine are climate, which in large measure determines the native raw materials that are available, economic conditions, which affect trade and can affect food distribution, imports and exports, and religious or sumptuary laws, under which certain foods are required or proscribed.

A major change from previous versions was the inclusion of a clinical significance criterion to almost half of all the categories, which required symptoms cause " clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning ".

This change required major changes in the routing algorithm.

By the 1870s, the canal's goods traffic had dwindled to just three major types of bulk goods-forest products, coal and ore, none of which required rapid transportation.

In a machine with thousands of parts, which required these parts to be much better than the usual tolerances needed at the time, this was a major problem.

Catherine the Great extended Russian political control over the Polish – Lithuanian Commonwealth with actions including the support of the Targowica Confederation, although the cost of her campaigns, on top of the oppressive social system that required lords ' serfs to spend almost all of their time laboring on the lords ' land, provoked a major peasant uprising in 1773, after Catherine legalized the selling of serfs separate from land.

The major determining factors include feed cost, availability, nutrient balance and energy density required.

( Grading had previously been " pass / no record " all freshman year, but was amended for the Class of 2006 to prevent students from gaming the system by completing required major classes in their freshman year.

These exams last up to three hours, and may cover any required or elective course offered by the major department.

Further, the set of solved structures is biased toward proteins that can be easily subjected to the conditions required in X-ray crystallography, one of the major structure determination methods.

Though OMIM is a major resource for gathering information on the relationship between mutations and natural variation in gene sequence and susceptibility to hundreds of diseases, a sophisticated search strategy is required to extract diseases associated with defects in transcriptional control where the promoter is believed to have direct involvement.

A major selling point of dial telephone service was that it was " secret ", in that no operator was required to connect the call.

One of the major tasks of rheology is to empirically establish the relationships between deformations and stresses, respectively their derivatives by adequate measurements, although a number of theoretical developments ( such as assuring frame invariants ) are also required before using the empirical data.

In the early 1980s, it was found to have deteriorated to such an extent that a major restoration was required.

Two major aspects are considered: time complexity and space complexity, which are respectively how many steps does it take to perform a computation, and how much memory is required to perform that computation.

( Patent holders who contribute to standards published by a major standards body such as ISO are required to disclose the scope of their patents, but TrueType was not such a standard.

Most countries in this second category share the difficulty of having many of the structures of a modern political and social system without the modern standards of performance required to make them effective.

Should a political subdivision, state or county or municipality, be required to furnish public education??

From a political point of view, there is a trade-off between Bulgaria's economic growth and the stability required for early accession to the monetary union.

Although the system established by the Sitges agreement was phased out by 1974, the 1886 Colombian constitution — in effect until 1991 — required that the losing political party be given adequate and equitable participation in the government which, according to many observers and later analysis, eventually resulted in some increase in corruption and legal relaxation.

Given these connotations, dandyism can be seen as a political protestation against the rise of levelling egalitarian principles, often including nostalgic adherence to feudal or pre-industrial values, such as the ideals of " the perfect gentleman " or " the autonomous aristocrat ", though paradoxically, the dandy required an audience, as Susann Schmid observed in examining the " successfully marketed lives " of Oscar Wilde and Lord Byron, who exemplify the dandy's roles in the public sphere, both as writers and as personae providing sources of gossip and scandal.

No websites, regardless of their political views, are blocked and government licenses are not required to operate a website.

Additionally, between war and political differences, the Montagnards believed these crises required emergency solutions.

Like Karl Marx, Lenin distinguished between the aspects of a revolution, the " economic campaign " ( labour strikes for increased wages and work concessions ), which featured diffused plural leadership ; and the " political campaign " ( socialist changes to society ), which required the decisive revolutionary leadership of the Bolshevik vanguard party.

Marshall next described two distinct types of Executive actions: political actions, where the official can exercise discretion, and purely ministerial functions, where the official is legally required to do something.

Cadre parties were political elites that were concerned with contesting elections and restricted the influence of outsiders, who were only required to assist in election campaigns.

In Polybius ' time, the profession of a historian required political experience ( which aided in differentiating between fact and fiction ) and familiarity with the geography surrounding one's subject matter to supply an accurate version of events.

Managers of publicly owned companies are required to be more accountable to the broader community and to political " stakeholders ".

While four of the listed rouge states met all these transgressions, Cuba, though still known for severely abusing its citizens and its strident criticism of the United States, no longer met all the transgressions required for a rogue state and was put on the list solely because of the political influence of the American Cuban community and specifically that of the Cuban American National Foundation.

By this time, Kekkonen had secured the backing of most political parties, but the major right-wing National Coalition Party, which Kekkonen had opposed, was still skeptical, and stood in the way of the required 5 / 6 majority.

It was subsequently amended by () which prohibited political or religious tests but required a loyalty oath as qualification to any office or public trust, by the Virgin Islands Elective Governor Act () which made the Governor an elected office, by (), and by (), which removed the reight to indictment for certain crimes and removed the jurisdiction of the admiralty courts.

Creating this new office imposed a political cost on discarded votes, and thus required electors staidly cast their second ballots.

The Framework Agreement would have required the parties to agree on the specific terms of a political settlement based on the Autonomy / Sovereignty formula through direct negotiations.

At the end of the Cold War, both labs went through a process of intense scientific diversification in their research programs to adapt to the changing political conditions that no longer required as much research towards developing new nuclear weapons and has led the lab to increase research for “ non-war ” science and technology.

Friends of the Earth groups are required to act independently of party political, religious or other influences ; be open, democratic and non-discriminatory in their internal structures ; and be willing to cooperate with other organizations who are working for the same goals.

During the conflict between Frederick I and the papacy, the problem of heresy required a political solution.

In the United States, political economy first was taught at the College of William and Mary ; in 1784, Adam Smith's The Wealth of Nations was a required textbook.

He noted that the declaration ( passed 81 – 47 in the Chamber of Deputies ) had not obtained the two-thirds Senate majority constitutionally required to convict the president of abuse of power: essentially, the Congress were invoking the intervention of the armed forces and of Order against a democratically-elected government and subordinat political representation of national sovereignty to the armed institutions, which neither can nor ought to assume either political functions or the representation of the popular will.