* The Duchy of Brabant, a duchy of the Holy Roman Empire between 1183 – 1648 covering parts of the Netherlands and Belgium, ruled over by the Dukes of Brabant

Rather than appoint a new duke from his own circle, Otto now divided the threatening power of the duchy among the great ecclesiastics with and through whom he ruled, and who had remained faithful to his cause: the Bishop of Würzburg and the Abbot of Fulda ( 939 ).

In that year the Farnese pope, Paul III, detached Parma and Piacenza from the Papal States and gave them as a duchy for his illegitimate son, Pier Luigi Farnese, whose descendants ruled in Parma until 1731, when Antonio Farnese ( 1679 – 1731 ), last male of the Farnese line, died.

* The Privilegium Minus elevates Austria to the status of a duchy ruled by the Babenburgs family.

Anjou () is a former county ( in the sense of being ruled by a count, from c. 880 ), duchy ( 1360 ) and province centred on the city of Angers in the lower Loire Valley of western France.

The family thus ruled the duchy of Modena and Reggio again from 1814 to 1859, using the names Asburgo-Este ( Habsburg-Este ) and Austria-Este.

A duchy is the territory or geopolitical entity ruled by a duke.

A duchy is a territory, fief, or domain ruled by a duke or duchess.

One of the richest towns of Greater Poland, during the feudal fragmentation of Poland it formed a separate duchy ruled by local branch of the Piast dynasty.

Although situated in the midst of the medieval duchy of Lauenburg, the town was mortgaged to the Hanseatic town of Lübeck, which ruled Mölln from 1359 to 1683.

The new districts were not incorporated with the duchy, but remained separate ; they were known as " New Württemberg " and were ruled without a diet.

Formerly the duchy of Valentinois, it was ruled by the Duke of Valentinois, a title which is still claimed by the Sovereign Prince of Monaco, though he has no actual administrative control over the area.

Elisabeth was born at the Palazzo della Pilotta in Parma, the capital of a duchy which had been ruled by her family for over two centuries.

The regions or provinces where beys ruled or which they administered were called beylik, roughly meaning " emirate " or " principality " in the first case, " province " or " governorate " in the second ( the equivalent of duchy in Europe ).

Paternally, a branch of the Egmonts ruled the sovereign duchy of Guelders until 1538.

Under the Lombards, Spoleto became the capital of an independent duchy, the Duchy of Spoleto ( from 570 ), and its dukes ruled a considerable part of central Italy.

The Medici ruled the grand duchy until their extinction in 1737.

The Samborides ruling Pomerelia gradually evolved into independent dukes, who ruled the duchy until 1294.

His descendants and their relatives by marriage ruled the duchy until its annexation over a century later by the French crown, their suzerain.

In the 10th century, Breisgau was a county within the duchy of Swabia, ruled by the Zähringer family, who by the 12th century detached themselves from Swabia, establishing the Margraviate of Baden.

From 1311-1675 Brzeg was the capital of a Lower Silesian duchy ( Duchy of Brzeg ) ruled by the Piast dynasty, a branch of the dukes of Lower Silesia, one of whom built a castle in 1341.

The last duke of the Piast dynasty died in 1336 and from that time until 1521 the duchy and the city were ruled by the cadet branch of the Přemyslid dynasty.

During the period 13631477, the duchy was ruled by a succession of dukes whose extinction with the death of Charles the Bold ( or " the Brash ") in 1477 led to its absorption into the French crown by King Louis XI, while the Low Countries fell under Habsburg control, passing with the abdication of King Charles I of Spain ( Charles V as Holy Roman Emperor ) to the Spanish Empire of Philip II of Spain.

By chance Nicolò is rescued by Zichmni, who is described as prince who owned some islands called Porlanda off the southern coast of Frislanda, and who ruled the duchy of Sorant, or Sorand, south-east of Frislanda.

With these, at the behest of a circle of orthodox Lutherans, he followed the Duchess Elizabeth, who ruled the duchy in the duke's absence.

Melisende was defeated in this struggle and Baldwin ruled alone thereafter.

Aegisthus and Thyestes thereafter ruled over Mycenae jointly, exiling Atreus ' sons, Agamemnon and Menelaus to Sparta, where King Tyndareus gave the pair his daughters, Clytemnestra and Helen, to take as wives.

In 507, the Visigoths were expelled by the Franks from most of their Gallic possessions, and thereafter ruled a state in Hispania.

Nevertheless, Edgar, who ruled the same expanse as Athelstan, consolidated the kingdom, which remained united thereafter.

The Bavarian Regents ruled until 1837, when at the insistence of Britain and France, they were recalled and Otto thereafter appointed Greek ministers, although Bavarian officials still ran most of the administration and the army.

Geta was assassinated in his mother's apartments by order of Caracalla, who thereafter ruled as sole Augustus.

The direct Capetians, or the House of Capet, ruled France from 987 to 1328 ; thereafter, the Kingdom was ruled by cadet branches of the dynasty.

Donnchad, who had his half-brother Tadc killed in 1023 and ruled Munster for forty years thereafter, was the result of this union.

Zabinas managed to defeat Demetrius II, who fled to Tyre and was killed there, and thereafter ruled parts of Syria ( 128 BC – 123 BC ), but soon ran out of Egyptian support and was in his turn was defeated by Demetrius ' son Antiochus VIII Grypus.

A battle was fought at Otford in 776, and although the outcome was not recorded, the circumstances of the years that followed suggest that the rebels of Kent prevailed: Egbert II and later Ealhmund seem to have ruled independently of Offa for nearly a decade thereafter.

Emperor Zeno, with the support of the Roman Senate officially abolished the separate Western Empire at this time and thereafter the unitary empire was ruled from the eastern capitol of Constantinople.

Penda had continued in his traditional paganism despite the widespread conversions of Anglo-Saxon monarchs to Christianity, and a number of Christian kings had suffered death in defeat against him ; after Penda's death, Mercia was converted, and all the kings who ruled thereafter ( including Penda's sons Peada, Wulfhere and Æthelred ) were Christian.

It originates from the word Khitan (, Qìdān ), the name of a nomadic people who founded the Liao Dynasty which ruled much of Northern China from 907 to 1125, and who had a state of their own ( Kara-Khitan Khanate ) centered around today's Kyrgyzstan for another century thereafter.

The cities of Ionia had been conquered by Persia around 540 BC, and thereafter were ruled by native tyrants, nominated by the Persian satrap in Sardis.

Clovis II, Dagobert's successor in Neustria and Burgundy, which were thereafter attached yet ruled separately, was a minor for almost the whole of his reign.

Ruled in Calenberg to 1648, when he inherited the Principality of Lüneburg from his uncle Frederick and ruled there thereafter.

In late December 2004, a judge ruled that Fletcher's plan could continue to govern spending until the end of the fiscal year on June 30, 2005, but " thereafter " executive spending was to be limited to " funds demonstrated to be for limited and specific essential services.

The Sikhs thereafter ruled Punjab until 1849, when it was lost in the Second Anglo-Sikh War .. Sardar Karan Narain's son was awarded the title ' Rai Bahadur ' and knighted by the British Raj for switching to their side.

In 916 CE, Baluchestan was ruled by the Daylamids and thereafter the Seljuqids, when it became a part of Kerman.

They once ruled the Matsya Kingdom but their social significance diminished thereafter.

Pope Alexander III ruled in Gilbert's favour, but the living conditions of the lay brothers were improved thereafter.

He never inherited the duchy, due to his death before his father ; Burgundy was thereafter ruled by Odo's brother Robert.

Shortly thereafter, the New Jersey Supreme Court unanimously ruled that the Democratic Party could legally replace Torricelli's name on the ballot with that of former U. S. Senator Frank Lautenberg, ironically a longtime Torricelli nemesis, with whom he had often publicly feuded.