Amontons therefore argued that the zero of his thermometer would be that temperature at which the spring of the air in it was reduced to nothing.

It has therefore been argued that astrology began as a study as soon as human beings made conscious attempts to measure, record, and predict seasonal changes by reference to astronomical cycles.

Styblo and Meijer argued neonatal immunization protected against miliary TB and other noncontagious forms of TB, and not pulmonary TB which was a disease of adults, and that mass immunization campaigns with BCG would therefore not be expected to have a significant public health impact.

Hume argued that England could not permanently gain from exports, because hoarding gold ( i. e., currency ) would make gold more plentiful in England ; therefore, the prices of English goods would rise, making them less attractive exports and making foreign goods more attractive imports.

The companies ' opponents argued, on the other hand, that performing the necessary checking would require resources greater than the companies possessed and that therefore their claims were not valid.

In addition, some scholars contend that China has never operated under a decentralized democratic regime in its several thousand years of history, and therefore it can be argued that the present political structure, albeit not up to Western moral or political standards, is the best possible option when compared to the alternatives.

Leon Trotsky argued that central planners would not be able to respond effectively to local changes in the economy because they operate without meaningful input and participation by the millions of economic actors in the economy, and would therefore be an ineffective mechanism for coordinating economic activity.

Hume argued that it requires inductive reasoning to arrive at the premises for the principle of inductive reasoning, and therefore the justification for inductive reasoning is a circular argument.

And in 2001 a team lead by Michel Brunet discovered the skull of Sahelanthropus tchadensis which was dated as, and which Brunet argued was a bipedal, and therefore a hominin.

The idea that nothing is real except in the mind of the individual finds its roots in the Greek Sophists, who argued that since nothing can be perceived except through the senses — and since all individuals sense, and therefore perceive, things differently — there is no absolute truth, only relative truth.

It may be argued, therefore, that the ability to grow long, straight, densely packed hair provides a distinct evolutionary advantage in cold climate ; however, it would be a distinct disadvantage in a hot climate, when compared to loosely packed, spongy, closely cropped hair.

Some critics, such as Jerry Coyne ( professor of evolutionary biology at the University of Chicago ) and Eugenie Scott ( a physical anthropologist and executive director of the National Center for Science Education ) have argued that the concept of irreducible complexity, and more generally, intelligent design is not falsifiable, and therefore, not scientific.

David Hume famously argued in A Treatise of Human Nature that people invariably slip between describing that the world is a certain way to saying therefore we ought to conclude on a particular course of action.

René Descartes, with " je pense donc je suis " or " cogito ergo sum " or " I think, therefore I am ", argued that " the self " is something that we can know exists with epistemological certainty.

The Omphalos hypothesis was named after the title of an 1857 book, Omphalos by Philip Henry Gosse, in which Gosse argued that in order for the world to be " functional ", God must have created the Earth with mountains and canyons, trees with growth rings, Adam and Eve with hair, fingernails, and navels ( omphalos is Greek for " navel "), and that therefore no evidence that we can see of the presumed age of the earth and universe can be taken as reliable.

Although it has been argued that zombies in an observed world are indistinguishable from the observer ( and therefore non-existent ) under the assumption of reductionist physicalism, it has also been argued that zombies are not conceivable.

Origen argued that God could not love Jacob and hate Esau until Jacob had done something worthy of love and Esau had done something worthy of hatred, therefore, this passage only means that Jacob and Esau had not yet done good or evil in this life and their conduct before this life was the reason why Esau would serve Jacob.

Some have argued that logic dictates, therefore, that the jar acts as a prison for Elpis as well, withholding it from men.

René Descartes for example argued that animals lack consciousness and therefore do not experience pain and suffering in the way that humans do.

Post-modernists like Jean Baudrillard have even argued that culture ( and therefore our lives ) now has no basis in reality whatsoever.

" Dawkins therefore commits himself here to an empirical claim about the geological record, in contrast to his earlier claim that, " The paleontological evidence can be argued about, and I am not qualified to judge it.

Some historians, social scientists and anthropologists have, however, argued that their disciplines already describe psychological motivation and that Psychohistory is not, therefore, a separate subject.

Magnus Hirschfeld, a physician and the leader of the gay rights movement in Germany in the early 20th century, argued that the purpose of therapy should be to permit clients to accept their homosexuality, but accepted that gay men had the right to attempt to change their sexual orientation if they wished and therefore sometimes recommended them to Sadger.

This is the theme played out in Judges: the people are unfaithful to Yahweh and he therefore delivers them into the hands of their enemies ; the people then repent and entreat Yahweh for mercy, which he sends in the form of a judge ; the judge delivers the Israelites from oppression, but after a while they fall into unfaithfulness again and the cycle is repeated.

X-rays interact with the spatial distribution of the valence electrons, while electrons are charged particles and therefore feel the total charge distribution of both the atomic nuclei and the surrounding electrons.

FT depicts a broad trend, and an extrapolation of historical rates therefore tends to underestimate future BAU deforestation for counties at the early stages in the transition ( HFLD ), while it tends to overestimate BAU deforestation for countries at the later stages ( LFHD and LFLD ).

Maintaining muscle mass while losing fat is therefore a key factor to reach both the ideal weight and body composition.

Ethnic nationalism is therefore seen as exclusive, while civic nationalism tends to be inclusive.

Elizabeth therefore sought a Protestant solution that would not offend Catholics too greatly while addressing the desires of English Protestants ; she would not tolerate the more radical Puritans though, who were pushing for far-reaching reforms.

He therefore refused to play for the national side while Bearzot was in charge, hence his lack of caps prior to the 1990 World Cup.

Marinetti rejected conventional democracy for based on majority rule and egalitarianism while promoting a new form of democracy, that he described in his work " The Futurist Conception of Democracy " as the following: " We are therefore able to give the directions to create and to dismantle to numbers, to quantity, to the mass, for with us number, quantity and mass will never be — as they are in Germany and Russia — the number, quantity and mass of mediocre men, incapable and indecisive ".

Despite this, " there is ample evidence that the medieval clergy were the main practitioners of magic and therefore the owners, transcribers, and circulators of grimoires " while several grimoires were actually attributed to various Popes.

Joosten, however, while accepting that the carelessness of the English scribe is the most likely explanation for most such instances, nevertheless argues that a minority of such readings are due to translation errors in the Spanish text: as, for example, where the Italian text employs the conjunction pero, with an Italian meaning ' therefore '; while the Spanish text also reads pero, with a Spanish meaning ' however '; the Italian sense being the one demanded by the context.

Only the Bene Gesserit perceive the Golden Path and are therefore faced with a choice: keep to their traditional role of hidden manipulators who quietly ease tensions and guide human progress while struggling for their own survival, or embrace the Golden Path and push humanity onward into a new future where humans are free from the threat of extinction.

Arianism held that Jesus, while not merely mortal, was not eternally divine and was, therefore, of lesser status than the Father.

Other sources have stepping over a broom as a test of chastity, while putting out a broom was also said to be a sign ‘ that the housewife ’ s place is vacant ’ and a way, therefore, of advertising for a wife.

This is so because the earth is constantly rotating, and therefore knowing the time while making an altitude measurement to a known heavenly body such as the sun, provided critical data for a ship's position east-west — a necessary capability for re-approaching land after voyages over medium and long distances.

It was therefore the site of protests and major demonstrations of the German student movement, while on April 11, 1968 spokesman Rudi Dutschke leaving the office of the Sozialistischer Deutscher Studentenbund on Kurfürstendamm No. 140 was shot in the head.

Modernism, while still " progressive ", increasingly saw traditional forms and traditional social arrangements as hindering progress, and therefore recast the artist as a revolutionary, overthrowing rather than enlightening.

Myrinet has much lower protocol overhead than standards such as Ethernet, and therefore provides better throughput, less interference, and lower latency while using the host CPU.

As such, their distortion ( editorial bias ) of news reportage — i. e. what types of news, which items, and how they are reported — is a consequence of the profit motive that requires establishing a stable, profitable business ; therefore, news businesses favoring profit over the public interest succeed, while those favoring reportorial accuracy over profits fail, and are relegated to the margins of their markets ( low sales and ratings ).

We may remark here that it seems unnecessary to hold that because Matthew and Mark say " two days before the Passover ", while John says " six days " there were, therefore, two distinct anointings following one another.

The effect of circumstances on manorial economy is complex and at times contradictory: upland conditions tended to preserve peasant freedoms ( livestock husbandry in particular being less labour-intensive and therefore less demanding of villein services ); on the other hand, some upland areas of Europe showed some of the most oppressive manorial conditions, while lowland eastern England is credited with an exceptionally large free peasantry, in part a legacy of Scandinavian settlement.

Bismarck therefore engaged in a policy of diplomatically isolating France while maintaining cordial relations with other nations in Europe.

This type of language is used, according to E. Segal, for “ the forceful inversion, the reduction of the master to an abject position of supplication … the master-as-suppliant is thus an extremely important feature of the Plautine comic finale .” The imperative mood is therefore used in the complete role-reversal of the normal relationship between slave and master, and “ those who enjoy authority and respect in the ordinary Roman world are unseated, ridiculed, while the lowliest members of society mount to their pedestals … the humble are in face exalted ”.

Sea clutter can be reduced by using horizontal polarization, while rain is reduced with circular polarization ( note that meteorological radars wish for the opposite effect, therefore using linear polarization to detect precipitation ).