So when textbooks, like that of Baker set out drawings of the ' Ptolemaic System ', complete with earth in the center and the seven heavenly bodies epicyclically arranged on their several deferents, we have nothing but a misleading 20th-century idea of what never existed historically.

Idealists are skeptics about the physical world, maintaining either: 1 ) that nothing exists outside the mind, or 2 ) that we would have no access to a mind-independent reality even if it may exist ; the latter case often takes the form of a denial of the idea that we can have unconceptualised experiences ( see Myth of the Given ).

The idea of signing the worker's name and birth date on the brick and the place where it was made was not new to the Ming era and had little or nothing to do with vanity.

According to Alan Ryan, the ideology of the original classical liberals argued against direct democracy, where law is made by majority vote by citizens, " for there is nothing in the bare idea of majority rule to show that majorities will always respect the rights of property or maintain rule of law.

According to the standard interpretation of Hume on personal identity, he was a Bundle Theorist, who held that the self is nothing but a bundle of experiences (" perceptions ") linked by the relations of causation and resemblance ; or, more accurately, that the empirically warranted idea of the self is just the idea of such a bundle.

An idea he introduced in one of these columns was the concept of " Reviews of This Book ", a book containing nothing but cross-referenced reviews of itself which has an online implementation.

Mayr was an unconventional atheist, stating he was an atheist towards " the idea of a personal God " because " there is nothing that supports "

The idea that even if the animal were conscious nothing would be added to the production of behavior, even in animals of the human type, was first voiced by La Mettrie ( 1745 ), and then by Cabanis ( 1802 ), and was further explicated by Hodgson ( 1870 ) and Huxley ( 1874 ).

Solly Zuckerman pointed out that it was treason, and the idea came to nothing because of Mountbatten's reluctance to act.

These include the idea of establishing shariah rule with force in the name of Jihad and levying of " jizya " on Sikh citizens of Pakistan, which was termed as nothing more than extortion by armed gangs.

Sylvia Tamale, a Ugandan legal scholar, writes that there is a large body of research and activism in Africa itself that strongly opposes FGM, but she cautions that some African feminists object to what she calls the imperialist infantilization of African women, and they reject the idea that FGM is nothing but a barbaric rejection of modernity.

The concept of law, for Radbruch, is " nothing other than the given fact, which has the sense to serve the idea of law.

For example, he expresses a subjectivistic idea when he says to Rosencrantz: " there is nothing either good or bad, but thinking makes it so ".

It even eludes the idea a lot more even to assume the concept of " nothing " or negation was created, therefore it is seemingly impossible to conceive such a notion where it draws down to a paradox.

Some argue that panentheism should also include the notion that God has always been related to some world or another, which denies the idea of creation out of nothing ( creatio ex nihilo ).

Although there has been an attempt to demonstrate any link between the Red Brigades and foreign State Security Services, nothing has been proved and such an idea has always been rejected by all the militants that after years of prison decided to speak their truth in books, interviews etc.

Bearden wanted to show how nothing is fixed, and represented this idea throughout the image: not only is the subject being baptized about to have water poured from the top, but the subject is also about to be submerged in water.

While many of the root meanings for the idea of a " general systems theory " might have been lost in the translation and many were led to believe that the systems theorists had articulated nothing but a pseudoscience, systems theory became a nomenclature that early investigators used to describe the interdependence of relationships in organization by defining a new way of thinking about science and scientific paradigms.

* Creationism destroys the idea of the miraculous and supernatural, since it incorporates God's supernatural, miraculous creation of the soul ( out of nothing ) into the natural process of reproduction.

We certainly do not have any experience of minds creating physical objects out of nothing ; from a first-person perspective, we surely have no experience or idea of what that would even be like.

More recent work on Word Grammar cites neurocognitive linguistics as a source of inspiration for the idea that language is nothing but a network.

A promotional picture taken after Larry Fine's death in 1975 features a very ill Moe Howard ( who died shortly thereafter ) flanked by Curly Joe DeRita to the left and Emil Sitka to the right. Plans were in the works for longtime foil Emil Sitka to replace Larry as the " Middle Stooge " in 1971, but nothing ever came of that idea other than the proposed publicity still reproduced here.

The general acceptance of the idea of governmental ( i.e., societal ) responsibility for the economic well-being of the American people is surely one of the two most significant watersheds in American constitutional history.

The dweller at p is last to hear about a new cure, the slowest to announce to his neighbors his urgent distresses, the one who goes the farthest to trade, and the one with the greatest difficulty of all in putting over an idea or getting people to join him in a cooperative effort.

And it is clearly argued by Lord Percy of Newcastle, in his remarkable long essay, The Heresy Of Democracy, and in a more general way by Voegelin, in his New Science Of Politics, that this same Rousseauan idea, descending through European democracy, is the source of Marx's theory of the dictatorship of the proletariat.

As a Humanist, Dr. Huxley interests himself in the possibilities of human development, and one thing we can say about this suggestion, which comes from a leading zoologist, is that, so far as he is concerned, the scientific outlook places no rigid limitation upon the idea of future human evolution.

The idea here is one of discharge but this must stand in opposition to a second view, Plato's notion of the arousal of emotion.

A third idea is that artistic literature serves to reduce emotional conflicts, giving a sense of serenity and calm to individuals.

It is possible that the idea of enrichment of emotion is a fifth idea.

It is true that this distinction between style and idea often approaches the arbitrary since in the end we must admit that style and content frequently influence or interpenetrate one another and sometimes appear as expressions of the same insight.

At this point a working definition of idea is in order, although our first definition will have to be qualified somewhat as we proceed.

Outstanding among these is the idea of human nature itself, including the many definitions that have been advanced over the centuries ; ;

An idea, of the sort that we have in mind, although of necessity readily available to imagination, is more general in connotation than most poetic or literary images, especially those appearing in lyric poems that seek to capture a moment of personal experience.

Finally we may note that the idea appears in educational theory where its influence is at present widespread.

namely, is the idea that there were Saxon mercenaries in England at all reasonable??

And to do this requires first of all the kind of information about people which is provided by the scientists in industrial anthropology and consumer research, who, for example, tell Courtenay that three days is the `` optimum priming period for a closed social circuit to be triggered with a catalytic cue-phrase '' -- which means that an effective propaganda technique is to send an idea into circulation and then three days later reinforce or undermine it.

He mentions the beats only once '', when he refers to their having revived through mere power and abandonment and the unwillingness to, commit death in life some idea of a decent equivalent between verbal expression and actual experience,, but the entire narrative, is written in the tiresome vocabulary `` of '' that lost `` and '' dying cause, `` and in the '' `` sprung syntax that is supposed to supplant, our mother, tongue.

The trouble is that at first glance the idea looks like such a good one.

Although Mr. Brown was not himself its inventor ( it was a French idea ), it is typical that his intuition first conceived the importance of mass producing this basic tool for general use.

Everything a new colony might need had to be taken, since Phillip had no real idea of what he might find when he got there.

The idea that a definition should state the essence of a thing led to the distinction between nominal and real essence, originating with Aristotle.

Carpenter suggested shooting on a movie back lot but Alves nixed that idea " because the texture of a real street is not like a back lot.

In this sense, the term has no real positive connotations, except for the idea that the hacker is capable of doing modifications that allow a system to work in the short term, and so has some sort of marketable skills.

Other scholars still support the idea that Homer was a real person.

The best known is Dan Brown's bestselling novel The Da Vinci Code, which, like Holy Blood, Holy Grail, is based on the idea that the real Grail is not a cup but the womb and later the earthly remains of Mary Magdalene ( again cast as Jesus ' wife ), plus a set of ancient documents claimed to tell the true story of Jesus, his teachings and descendants.

Moseley redefined the idea of atomic numbers from its previous status as an ad hoc numerical tag to help sorting the elements, in particular in the Periodic Table, into a real and objective whole-number quantity that was experimentally measurable.

When the narrator describes the " ancestral voices prophesying war ", the idea is part of the world of understanding, or the real world.

In Poland, the rough equivalent of this term is " coffee shop revolutionist " meaning a journalist, poet or any other intellectual who criticizes capitalism and free market mechanisms in his / her publications, but has generally weak understanding of economy because of living in the ivory tower of salon life, so he / she has no idea about the real life of the poor.

Multiplication of rational numbers ( fractions ) and real numbers is defined by systematic generalization of this basic idea.

Under Mach this wasn't possible because the kernel had no real idea what the operating system consisted of.

In mathematics, with 2-or 3-dimensional vectors with real-valued entries, the idea of the " length " of a vector is intuitive and can easily be extended to any real vector space R < sup > n </ sup >.

In particular, it is in this paper of Riemann that the idea to apply methods of complex analysis to the study of the real function π ( x ) originates.

However, this idea is more romantic than real, as a rooster can and will crow at any time of the day.

* Steampunk is based on the idea of futuristic technology existing in the past, usually the 19th century, and often set in Victorian era England — but with prominent elements of either science fiction or fantasy, such as fictional technological inventions like those found in the works of H. G. Wells and Jules Verne, or real technological developments like the computer occurring at an earlier date.

Burton also commented that he was anxious about his role, because he feared that ST: TNG was going to flop: " At the beginning, you know, there was a lot of conversation in the press at what a bad idea this was I thought that since Gene was involved we had a real good shot of making a good show that would carry on in that tradition of Star Trek.

A key notion in the work of the Frankfurt School since Dialectic of Enlightenment had been the idea of thought becoming an instrument of domination that subsumes all objects under the control of the ( dominant ) subject, especially through the notion of identity, i. e. of identifying as real in nature and society only that which harmonized or fit with dominant concepts, and regarding as unreal or non-existent everything that did not.

" The German author Gabor Paal suggested that the idea of the " third culture " is a rather modern version of what Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel called Realphilosophie ( philosophy of the real ).

This was as opposed to cattle, which then meant any sort of domestic livestock that was easy to collect and remove from the land, from the idea of personal-property ownership ( rather than real estate property ) and related to modern chattel ( property ) and capital.

The real decoding algorithms exploit this idea.

But contact with real wilderness in Maine affected him far differently than had the idea of wilderness in Concord.

He said he " felt like there was a real story underneath was more fascinating and way more tragic " than the story presented to the public, and attempted to turn the idea into a play.

Some philosophers have concluded that what we think of as the " real world " could be or is an illusion ( an idea known as the skeptical hypothesis about ontology ).

He would praise sado-masochistic activity in interviews with the gay press, describing it as " the real creation of new possibilities of pleasure, which people had no idea about previously.