Elements of historicism appear in the writings of Italian philosopher G. B. Vico and French essayist Michel de Montaigne, and became fully developed with the dialectic of G. W. F. Hegel, influential in 19th-century Europe.

Hyppolite devoted his energies to uniting the existentialist theories then in vogue among French philosophers with the dialectical theories of Hegel and Karl Marx ( 1818 – 1883 ); these ideas influenced the young Foucault, who would adopt Hyppolite's conviction that philosophy must be developed through a study of history.

Hegel developed in The Science of Logic and The Phenomenology of Spirit ; other intellectual influences upon Capital were the French socialists Charles Fourier, Comte de Saint-Simon, and Pierre-Joseph Proudhon ; and the Greek philosophers, especially Aristotle.

A new interest in communism translated into an interest in Marx and Hegel, who became for the first time studied extensively in the politically conservative French university system of the Third Republic.

Marx and Engels drew from these socialist or communist ideas born in the French revolution, as well as from the German philosophy of GWF Hegel, and English political economy, particularly that of Adam Smith and David Ricardo.

At one time he had steeped himself in the French school of philosophy, Fourierism and Saint-Simonism ; then for a time followed Hegel and Kant, regaling himself in lighter moments with Edgar Allan Poe and Hoffman ’ s weird tales.

Jean Hyppolite ( January 8, 1907 in Jonzac, France – October 26, 1968 in Paris, France ) was a French philosopher known for championing the work of Hegel, and other German philosophers, and educating some of France's most prominent post-war thinkers.

In 1954, he became the director of the École Normale Supérieure and in 1955 produced a study of Karl Marx's earlier, more Hegelian period, at a time when the French interest in Hegel was at its apogee.

Descombes has also written an introduction to modern French philosophy ( Le même et l ' autre ) focused on the transition, after 1960, from a focus on the three H's, Hegel, Husserl and Heidegger to the " three masters of suspicion ", Marx, Nietzsche and Freud.

The first, entitled Die Blinde Eule, was translated by Heshmat Moayyed, Otto H. Hegel and Ulrich Riemerschmidt directly from the Persian ; the second, in East Germany, was translated by Gerd Henniger from the French version.

That Hegel proclaimed the end of history though is a myth popularised by the Russian-born French interpreter of Hegel, Alexandre Kojève.

At the group's meetings, al-Arsuzi would talk about, for instance, the French Revolution, the Meiji Restoration, German Unification and Italian Unification, or about the ideas of Fichte, Friedrich Nietzsche, Karl Marx, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, Oswald Spengler and Henri Bergson.

Marx and Engels took on many influences from earlier philosophers ; politically, they were influenced by Maximilien Robespierre and several other radical figures of the French Revolution, whilst economically they were influenced by David Ricardo and philosophically they were influenced by Hegel.

However, Hegel had thought in idealist terms, putting ideas in the forefront, whereas Marx sought to rewrite dialectics in materialist terms, arguing for the primacy of matter over idea.

Jakubowski rehearses for the reader the steps Marx and Engels took away from Hegel, via Feuerbach, to their ' historical materialist ' position.

He was inspired by Italian intellectuals such as Mazzini, Rosmini, Gioberti, and Spaventa from whom he borrowed the idea of autoctisi, “ self-construction ”, but also was strongly influenced by the German idealist and materialist schools of thought — namely Karl Marx, Hegel, and Fichte with whom he shared the ideal of creating a Wissenschaftslehre, theory for a structure of knowledge that makes no assumptions.

His Trois Matières, published in 1960 was a bestseller, and people began calling Lupasco the Descartes, the Leibniz, the Hegel of the 20th Century, a new Claude Bernard, a new Bergson, etc.

On the other hand, Costanzo Preve ( 1990 ) has assigned four " masters " to Marx: Epicurus ( to whom he dedicated his thesis, Difference of natural philosophy between Democritus and Epicurus, 1841 ) for his materialism and theory of clinamen which opened up a realm of liberty ; Jean-Jacques Rousseau, from which come his idea of egalitarian democracy ; Adam Smith, from whom came the idea that the grounds of property is labour ; and finally Hegel.

Tel Quel was influenced by a number of revolutionary writers who intended to drastically criticize the conditions of their time, such as Immanuel Kant, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, G. W. F. Hegel, Karl Marx, Sigmund Freud, Vladimir Lenin, Friedrich Nietzsche, Franz Kafka, Antonin Artaud, Comte de Lautréamont, Georges Bataille, James Joyce, Jacques Lacan.

Berlin contended that under the influence of Plato, Aristotle, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Immanuel Kant and G. W. F. Hegel, modern political thinkers often conflated positive liberty with rational action, based upon a rational knowledge to which, it is argued, only a certain elite or social group has access.

In 2007 an anonymous group called The Meritocracy Party published its first manifesto, to which they have now added more than two million words on the subject ( discussing Hegel, Rousseau, Charles Fourier, Henri de Saint-Simon and various other philosophers, scientists, reformers and revolutionaries ).

Will and Political Legitimacy: A Critical Exposition of Social Contract Theory in Hobbes, Locke, Rousseau, Kant, and Hegel.

" Other than Rousseau, Husserl, Heidegger and Lévinas, these three books discussed, and / or relied upon, the works of many philosophers and authors, including linguist Saussure, Hegel, Foucault, Bataille, Descartes, anthropologist Lévi-Strauss, paleontologist Leroi-Gourhan, psychoanalyst Freud, and writers such as Jabès and Artaud.

British philosopher Isaiah Berlin listed Helvetius, along with Hegel, Fichte, Rousseau, Saint-Simon and Maistre as one of the six " enemies of freedom " who constituted the ideological basis for modern authoritarianism, in his book Freedom and Betrayal: Six Enemies of Human Liberty.

Early critics of Rousseau included Benjamin Constant and Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel.

Imagine Rousseau, Voltaire, Holbach, Lessing, Heine and Hegel combined into one person — and I say combined, not blended — and there you have Dr.

* From Rousseau to the Present Day ( including Rousseau, Kant, Hegel, Byron, Schopenhauer, Nietzsche, the Utilitarians, Marx, Bergson, William James and John Dewey )

The term African Upland became an important element of philosophical and historical study at that time, especially because works by Hegel and theories deriving from the imputed characteristics of the history of the African Upland became the basis for the utopian vision of communism.

Following the Great Depression, Eastman started to abandon his socialist beliefs, becoming increasingly critical of the ideas of Karl Marx, Thorstein Veblen, and G. W. F. Hegel which he had once admired.

Philosophers, scientists, and educators that have proposed theories of spiritual evolution include Schelling, Hegel, Max Théon, Helena Petrovna Blavatsky, Henri Bergson, Rudolf Steiner, Sri Aurobindo, Jean Gebser, Pierre Teilhard de Chardin, Owen Barfield, Arthur M. Young, Edward Haskell, E. F. Schumacher, Erich Jantsch, Clare W. Graves, Alfred North Whitehead, Terence McKenna, P. R.

He influenced a number of thinkers, including Michel Foucault and Gilles Deleuze ( who studied Hegel under him at Lycée Henri IV ), as well as Jacques Derrida, Gérard Granel and Étienne Balibar ( at the École Normale ).

* Centre de recherche et de documentation sur Hegel

He was remotely a disciple of Schelling, learnt much from Benedict de Spinoza, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, Johann Friedrich Herbart, Arthur Schopenhauer, and Christian Hermann Weisse, and decidedly rejected Georg Hegel and the monadism of Rudolf Hermann Lotze.

in Deutschland von Kant bis Hegel ( 1837 – 1838 ); Anthropologie und Psychologie ( 1840 ); Esquisse de logique ( Paris, 1856 ); Naturrecht oder Rechtsphilosophie ( 1866 ); Hegel der unwiderlegte Weltphilosoph ( 1870 ), Wahrheit aus meinem Leben ( 1886 ).

Johannes de Silentio speaks of the difference between the method Descartes found for himself and the system that Hegel wants to build.

* 1929, Die Philosophie des deutschen Idealismus 2: Hegel, de Gruyter, Berlin.

The group met for two years and lectured on many topics, including the structure of the army, the Marquis de Sade, English monarchy, literature, sexuality, Hitler, and Hegel.

Camus relates writers and artists as diverse as Epicurus and Lucretius, the Marquis de Sade, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, Fyodor Dostoyevsky, Friedrich Nietzsche, Max Stirner, André Breton and others in an integrated, historical portrait of man in revolt.

These enthusiasms, which became the significant books Le malheur de la conscience dans la philosophie de Hegel ( 1929 ) and Études kierkegaardiennes ( 1938 ) were controversial, in the prevailing climate of thought.

* Le Malheur de la conscience dans la philosophie de Hegel, 1929.

Other interests were the Marquis de Condorcet, Hegel, John Stuart Mill, Herbert Spencer, F. H. Bradley, Bernard Bosanquet and Sidney Webb.

The German philosopher Hegel was also enchanted with the wine of Pontac, though it is unknown if his orders were for other de Pontac wines of Saint-Estèphe.

* ACTES DU XIVè CONGRÈS DES SOCIÉTÉS DE LANGUE FRANÇAISE, " Altérité et ipséité chez Hegel ", Presses Universitaires de France, Paris, 1969.

Edward Gibbon, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, Johann Gottfried Herder, William Lecky, Charles de Secondat, Baron de Montesquieu, Voltaire were among the many Western writers of that period who were critical of the Byzantine system.