For both Marx and Hegel, self-development begins with an experience of internal alienation stemming from this recognition, followed by a realisation that the actual self, as a subjective agent, renders its potential counterpart an object to be apprehended.

Hegel, phenomenology is an approach to philosophy that begins with an exploration of phenomena ( what presents itself to us in conscious experience ) as a means to finally grasp the absolute, logical, ontological and metaphysical Spirit that is behind phenomena.

The name, already well-established in common usage, was reinforced by the title of Karl Marx's The Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Napoleon ( Der achtzehnte Brumaire des Louis Bonaparte, 1852 ), an account of the 2 December 1851 coup by Napoleon's nephew, which begins with the oft-quoted " Hegel remarks somewhere that all great world-historic facts and personages appear, so to speak, twice.

It is at this stage ( still within the topic of measure ) that Hegel begins the long transition from the domain of objective logic to subjective logic.

They experience that the status and position they have in their job are different from men have The history of feminist standpoint begins in Hegel ’ s account of the master / slave dialectic, and subsequently in Marx and, particularly, Lukacs ’ development of the idea of the standpoint of the proletariat.

Hegel points out that the understanding and consequently writing of history always relies on a framework, be it religious, secular, ' postmodern ' - that word is the very definition of ambiguity.

For Hegel there must be some identity of thought and being for the subject ( human reason or consciousness ) to be able to know an object ( the world ) at all.

Kant, Hegel and their successors sought to flesh out the process by which the subject is constituted out of the flow of sense impressions.

Hegel, for example, stated in his Preface to the Phenomenology of Spirit that a subject is constituted by " the process of reflectively mediating itself with itself.

Subjectivity is thus a kind of structural effect-what happens when Nature is diffused, refracted around a field of negativity and the " unity of the subject " for Hegel, is in fact a second-order effect, a " negation of negation ".

In 2007 an anonymous group called The Meritocracy Party published its first manifesto, to which they have now added more than two million words on the subject ( discussing Hegel, Rousseau, Charles Fourier, Henri de Saint-Simon and various other philosophers, scientists, reformers and revolutionaries ).

Immanuel Kant and especially his followers Fichte, Schelling and Hegel raised the issue of the relationship between the subject and the object, or what perceives and what is perceived.

* Sun Myung Moon's philosophy, Unification Thought, treats subject and object in a way different from classical ideas of Hegel and Marx.

The logic of basho is a non-dualistic ' concrete ' logic, meant to overcome the inadequacy of the subject-object distinction essential to the subject logic of Aristotle and the predicate logic of Kant, through the affirmation of what he calls the ' absolutely contradictory self-identity ', a dynamic tension of opposites that, unlike the dialectical logic of Hegel, does not resolve in a synthesis, but rather defines its proper subject by maintaining the tension between affirmation and negation as opposite poles or perspectives.

The most famous concept in Nishida's philosophy is the logic of basho ( Japanese: 場所 ; usually translated as " place " or " topos "), a non-dualistic concrete logic, meant to overcome the inadequacy of the subject-object distinction essential to the subject logic of Aristotle and the predicate logic of Kant, through the affirmation of what he calls the " absolutely contradictory self-identity ", a dynamic tension of opposites that, unlike the dialectical logic of Hegel, does not resolve in a synthesis, but rather defines its proper subject by maintaining the tension between affirmation and negation as opposite poles or perspectives.

Hegel asserted that in order for the thinking subject ( human reason or consciousness ) to be able to know its object ( the world ) at all, there must be in some sense an identity of thought and being.

Marx became interested in, but critical of, the work of the German philosopher G. W. F Hegel ( 1770 – 1831 ), whose ideas were widely debated amongst European philosophical circles at the time.

The reason for the confusion is that existing live recordings of the song ( included in the Monty Python Live at the Hollywood Bowl film and on the albums Live at Drury Lane and Live at City Center ) have the " Schopenhauer and Hegel " version, while the studio recording on Matching Tie and Handkerchief features the " Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel " version.

The Situationists were more influenced by Hegel ; Guy Debord, in particular, moved a Marxist analysis of commodity fetishism to the realm of consumption, and looked at the relation between consumerism and dominant ideology formation.

Romantic nationalism formed a key strand in the philosophy of Hegel ( 1770-1831 ), who argued that there was a " spirit of the age " or zeitgeist that inhabited a particular people at a particular time, and that, when that people became the active determiner of history, it was simply because their cultural and political moment had come.

Leaving gymnasium to study philosophy, psychology and sociology at Johann Wolfgang Goethe University in Frankfurt, Adorno continued his readings with Kracauer, turning now to Hegel and Kierkegaard, and began publishing concert reviews and pieces of music for distinguished journals like the Zeitschrift für Musik, the Neue Blätter für Kunst und Literatur and later for the Musikblätter des Anbruch.

Adorno resumed his teaching duties at the university soon after his arrival, with seminars on " Kant ’ s Transcendental Dialectic ," aesthetics, Hegel, “ Contemporary Problems in the Theory of Knowledge ” and “ The Concept of Knowledge .” Adorno ’ s surprise at his students ' passionate interest in intellectual matters did not, however, blind him to continuing problems within Germany: The literary climate was dominated by writers who had remained in Germany during Hitler's rule, the government re-employed people who had been active in the Nazi apparatus and people were generally loath to own up to their own collaboration or the guilt they thus incurred.

Whilst at Bremen, Engels began reading the philosophy of Hegel, whose teachings had dominated German philosophy at the time.

Although studying an array of subjects at the school, Foucault's particular interest was soon drawn to philosophy, reading not only the works of Hegel and Marx that he had been exposed to by Hyppolite but also studying the writings of the philosophers Immanuel Kant ( 1724 – 1804 ), Edmund Husserl ( 1859 – 1938 ) and most significantly, Martin Heidegger ( 1889 – 1976 ).

From Fichte, Bakunin went on to immerse himself in the works of Hegel, the most influential thinker among German intellectuals at the time.

The concept of " nothing " arises in Hegel right at the beginning of his Logic.

Hegel ( 1770 – 1831 ) challenged Kant's doctrine of the unknowable thing-in-itself, and declared that by knowing phenomena more fully we can gradually arrive at a consciousness of the absolute and spiritual truth of Divinity, most notably in his Hegel's Phenomenology of Spirit, published in 1807.

He went to school in Denkendorf and Maulbronn and then studied theology at the Tübinger Stift, where his fellow-students included Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph Schelling ( who had been a fellow-pupil at his first school ) and Isaac von Sinclair.

Eduard Zeller was born at Kleinbottwar in Württemberg, and educated at the University of Tübingen and under the influence of Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel.

In 1817 he went to Germany, and met Hegel at Heidelberg.

For Schmitt ... the very essence of the bureaucratic conduct of business is reverence for the norm, a standpoint that could not exist in great tension with the doctrines of Carl Schmitt ... Hegel had set an ignominious precedent by according this putative universal class a position of preeminence in his political thought, insofar as the primacy of the bureaucracy tends to diminish or supplant the prerogative of sovereign authority.

philosophy associated with the name of Hegel, and also of his strong bent toward practical politics ; his political philosophy was dominated by the belief that practical action must be derived from principles.

For the most part, however, Darwin ’ s ideas simply overlaid the fundamental features of Schleicher ’ s prior evolutionary project, which derived from the work of those individuals immersed in German romanticism and idealism especially Humboldt and Hegel.

: EXAMPLE: Hegel contrasts his logically derived notion of Reality from the earlier metaphysical one present in the ontological “ proof ” of God ’ s existence, specifically Liebniz ’ s formulation of it.

" Remember with Hegel that when we classify something as determinate we are not referring to absolute abstractions ( as in absolute ground, above ) but now ( with determinate ground ) have some values attached to some variables — or to put it in Hegel's terminology, ground is now " posited and derived " with " determinate content.

Universal class is a category derived from the philosophy of Hegel, redefined and popularized by Karl Marx.

In A Critique of Postcolonial Reason ( 1999 ), Spivak explored how major works of European metaphysics ( such as those of Kant and Hegel ) not only tend to exclude the subaltern from their discussions, but actively prevent non-Europeans from occupying positions as fully human subjects.

This difference from Hegel should be understood as essential from the start, and the Differance being one of the first terms that he tried more accurately to distinguish from all forms of Hegelian difference when proceeding with deconstruction:

More than difference is the conflictuality of difference that must be distinguished from contradiction in Hegel to clearly distinguish deconstruction from speculative dialetics:

The second law Hegel took from Aristotle, and it is equated with what scientists call phase transitions.

It may be traced to the ancient Ionian philosophers ( particularly Anaximenes ), from whom Aristotle, Hegel and Engels inherited the concept.

Moving away from an early interest in Hegel, Dewey proceeded to reject all forms of dualism and dichotomy in favor of a philosophy of experience as a series of unified wholes in which everything can be ultimately related.

Hegel, proceeding from providentialist theory, argued that what is real is reasonable and World-Historical individuals are World-Spirit's agents.

However, there is wide dispute whether Popper's description of " historicism " is an accurate description of Hegel, or more a reflection of his own philosophical antagonists, including Marxist-Leninist thought, then widely held as posing a challenge to the philosophical basis of the West, as well as theories such as Spengler's which drew predictions about the future course of events from the past.

# " Personality " Argument: this argument is based on a quote from Hegel: " Every man has the right to turn his will upon a thing or make the thing an object of his will, that is to say, to set aside the mere thing and recreate it as his own ".

Sartre was influenced by many aspects of Western philosophy, adopting ideas from Immanuel Kant, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, Søren Kierkegaard, Edmund Husserl and Martin Heidegger, among others.

Marx thus departs from Hegel by insisting that " the fact that man is a corporeal, actual, sentient, objective being with natural capacities means that he has actual, sensuous objects for his nature as objects of his life-expression, or that he can only express his life in actual sensuous objects.

Subjective self-motion, for Hegel, comes not from any pure or simple kernel of authentic individuality, but rather, it is

On Hegel ’ s view, the external world is inseparable from the mind, consciousness or perceptions.

Since Whitehead, process thought is distinguished from Hegel in that it describes entities which arise or coalesce in becoming, rather than being simply dialectically determined from prior posited determinates.

In the Logic, for instance, Hegel describes a dialectic of existence: first, existence must be posited as pure Being ( Sein ); but pure Being, upon examination, is found to be indistinguishable from Nothing ( Nichts ).

For Hegel, the whole of history is one tremendous dialectic, major stages of which chart a progression from self-alienation as slavery to self-unification and realization as the rational, constitutional state of free and equal citizens.

One important dialectical principle for Hegel is the transition from quantity to quality, which he terms the Measure.

In the deconstruction procedure, one of the main concerns of Derrida is not to collapse in Hegel ´ s dialectic where these oppositions would be reduced to contradictions in a dialectic whose telos would, necessarily, be to resolve it into a synthesis, The presence of Hegelianism was enormous in the intellectual life of France during the second half of the 20th century with the influence of Kojève and Hyppolite, but also with the impact of dialectics based on contradiction developed by Marxists, and including the existentialism from Sartre, etc.