The presence of Hegelianism was enormous in the intellectual life of France during the second half of the 20th century with the influence of Kojève and Hyppolite, but also with the impact of dialectics based on contradiction developed by marxists, and including the existentialism from Sartre, etc.

Jean-Paul Sartre was also largely influenced by Husserl, although he later came to disagree with key points in his analyses.

The first prominent existentialist philosopher to adopt the term as a self-description was Jean-Paul Sartre.

Although it was Sartre who explicitly coined the phrase, similar notions can be found in the thought of existentialist philosophers such as Kierkegaard and Heidegger.

Jean-Paul Charles Aymard Sartre (; ; 21 June 1905 – 15 April 1980 ) was a French existentialist philosopher, playwright, novelist, screenwriter, political activist, biographer, and literary critic.

Jean-Paul Sartre was born in Paris as the only child of Jean-Baptiste Sartre, an officer of the French Navy, and Anne-Marie Schweitzer.

When Sartre was only two years old, his father died of a fever.

It was at ENS that Sartre began his lifelong, sometimes fractious, friendship with Raymond Aron.

From his first years in the École Normale, Sartre was one of its fiercest pranksters ; In 1927, his antimilitarist satirical cartoon in the revue of the school, coauthored with Georges Canguilhem, particularly upset the director Gustave Lanson.

In the same year, with his comrades Nizan, Larroutis, Baillou and Herland, he organized a media prank following Charles Lindbergh's successful New York-Paris flight ; Sartre & Co. called newspapers and informed them that Lindbergh was going to be awarded an honorary École degree.

Sartre served as a conscript in the French Army from 1929 to 1931 and he later argued in 1959 that each French person was responsible for the collective crimes during the Algerian War of Independence.

In 1939 Sartre was drafted into the French army, where he served as a meteorologist.

It was during this period of confinement that Sartre read Heidegger's Being and Time, later to become a major influence on his own essay on phenomenological ontology.

Because of poor health ( he claimed that his poor eyesight and exotropia affected his balance ) Sartre was released in April 1941.

Sartre was a very active contributor to Combat, a newspaper created during the clandestine period by Albert Camus, a philosopher and author who held similar beliefs.

Later, while Sartre was labeled by some authors as a resistant, the French philosopher and resistant Vladimir Jankelevitch criticized Sartre's lack of political commitment during the German occupation, and interpreted his further struggles for liberty as an attempt to redeem himself.

According to Camus, Sartre was a writer who resisted, not a resister who wrote.

In the Critique Sartre set out to give Marxism a more vigorous intellectual defense than it had received until then ; he ended by concluding that Marx's notion of " class " as an objective entity was fallacious.

In October 1964, Sartre was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature but he declined it.

The prize was announced on 22 October 1964 ; on 14 October, Sartre had written a letter to the Nobel Institute, asking to be removed from the list of nominees, and warning that he would not accept the prize if awarded, but the letter went unread ; on 23 October, Le Figaro published a statement by Sartre explaining his refusal.

Though his name was then a household word ( as was " existentialism " during the tumultuous 1960s ), Sartre remained a simple man with few possessions, actively committed to causes until the end of his life, such as the May 1968 strikes in Paris during the summer of 1968 during which he was arrested for civil disobedience.

Maurice Merleau-Ponty () ( 14 March 1908 – 3 May 1961 ) was a French phenomenological philosopher, strongly influenced by Karl Marx, Edmund Husserl, and Martin Heidegger in addition to being closely associated with Jean-Paul Sartre ( who later stated he had been " converted " to Marxism by Merleau-Ponty ) and Simone de Beauvoir.

Being and Time influenced many thinkers, including such existentialist thinkers as Jean-Paul Sartre ( although Heidegger distanced himself from existentialism — see below ).

Richard Wright, Claude McKay, Jean Paul Sartre, Simone de Beauvoir, and James Joyce were deeply influenced by Marxist and socialist theories of the day, and much of this type of reflection is evident in their writings of the time.

The most prominent figure among the existentialists is Jean-Paul Sartre whose ideas in his book Being and Nothingness ( L ' être et le néant ) are heavily influenced by Being and Time ( Sein und Zeit ) of Martin Heidegger, although Heidegger later stated that he was misunderstood by Sartre.

Fanon was influenced by a variety of thinkers and intellectual movements including Jean-Paul Sartre, Lacan, Négritude and Marxism.

It is little known outside Japan that Kuki influenced in Jean-Paul Sartre to develop his an interest in Heidegger's philosophy.

Sartre's essay is clearly influenced by Heidegger though Sartre was profoundly skeptical of any measure by which humanity could achieve a kind of personal state of fulfillment comparable to the hypothetical Heideggerian re-encounter with Being.

Being and Time influenced many philosophers and writers, among them Hannah Arendt, Leo Strauss, Alexandre Kojeve, Hans-Georg Gadamer, Giorgio Agamben, Jean-Paul Sartre, Emmanuel Lévinas, Maurice Merleau-Ponty, Alain Badiou, Herbert Marcuse, Jacques Derrida, Michel Foucault and Bernard Stiegler.

While philosophers such as Jean-Paul Sartre were known for producing new works influenced by German philosophy, Hyppolite is remembered as an expositor, teacher, and translator.

However, he influenced a number of key thinkers including Emmanuel Levinas and Jean-Paul Sartre.

Sartre was influenced at the time by the philosophy of Edmund Husserl and his phenomenological method.

The Exis took their name from the existentialist movement, and were influenced by its chief proponents, Jean-Paul Sartre and Albert Camus.

Sartre wrote his essay " Saint Genet ", influenced by this work, in 1952.

A biting, pithy parable of the all-pervading hollowness of modern life, the piece has been set by Mlle Lagoon to a sumptuous score ( a single motif played over and over by four thousand French horns ) by existentialist hot-shot Jean-Paul Sartre.

Sartre, popularly understood as misreading Heidegger ( an understanding supported by Heidegger's essay " Letter on Humanism " which responds to Sartre's famous address, " Existentialism is a Humanism "), employs modes of being in an attempt to ground his concept of freedom ontologically by distinguishing between being-in-itself and being-for-itself.

" Ideen advanced his transition to a " transcendental interpretation " of phenomenology, a view later criticized by, among others, Jean-Paul Sartre.

*" Existentialism is a Humanism ", a lecture given by Jean-Paul Sartre

" Sartre would also compliment Guevara by professing that " he lived his words, spoke his own actions and his story and the story of the world ran parallel.

Following the Liberation the PCF were infuriated by Sartre's philosophy, which appeared to lure young French men and women away from the ideology of communism and into Sartre ’ s own existentialism ( Scriven 1999: 13 ).

Sartre, who stated in his preface to Frantz Fanon's The Wretched of the Earth that, “ To shoot down a European is to kill two birds with one stone, to destroy an oppressor and the man he oppresses at the same time: there remains a dead man and a free man ”, has been criticized by Anderson and Michael Walzer for supporting the killing of European civilians by the FLN during the Algerian War.

* Jean-Paul Sartre and Benny Levy, Hope Now: The 1980 Interviews, translated by Adrian van den Hoven, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1996.

* Sartre ’ s Critique of Dialectical Reason essay by Andy Blunden

* The World According to Sartre essay by Roger Kimball

This was the time of Jean-Paul Sartre and Louis Althusser, and the victories of Mao Zedong in China and Fidel Castro in Cuba, as well as the events of May 1968 led to increased interest in revolutionary ideology, especially by the New Left.