The main forces involved during that period in Kabul, northern, central and eastern Afghanistan were the Hezb-i Islami of Gulbuddin Hekmatyar directed by Pakistan, the Hezb-i Wahdat of Abdul Ali Mazari directed by Iran, the Ittehad-i Islami of Abdul Rasul Sayyaf supported by Saudi Arabia, the Junbish-i Milli of Abdul Rashid Dostum backed by Uzbekisten, the Harakat-i Islami of Hussain Anwari and the Shura-i Nazar operating as the regular Islamic State forces ( as agreed upon in the Peshawar Accords ) under the defense ministry of Ahmad Shah Massoud.

In January 1994, former communist general Abdul Rashid Dostum joined an alliance with Gulbuddin Hekmatyar.

After the fall of Najibullah's regime in 1992, private militias were formed and the nation began to witness a civil war between the various warlords, including Ahmad Shah Massoud, Gulbuddin Hekmatyar, Abdul Rashid Dostum, Abdul Ali Mazari, Ismail Khan, and many others.

* In Mazari Sharif, Afghanistan faction leader Gulbuddin Hekmatyar joined the anti-Taliban Afghan Northern Alliance formed by ousted president Burhanuddin Rabbani and northern militia leader General Abdul Rashid Dostum.

As Hezb-i Wahdat and Ittihad-i Islami started a second war in 1992 and Dostum's Junbish-i Milli joint Hekmatyar in 1994 Kabul witnessed a gruesome war.

Additionally to the bombardment campaign conducted by Gulbuddin Hekmatyar, tension between the Shia Hazara Hezb-i Wahdat of Abdul Ali Mazari and the Sunni Pashtun Ittihad-i Islami of Abdul Rasul Sayyaf soon escalated into a second violent conflict.

As Gulbuddin Hekmatyar remained unsuccessful in conquering Kabul, Pakistan started its support to the Taliban.

In 1995 the Hezb-i Islami of Gulbuddin Hekmatyar, the Iranian-backed Hezb-i Wahdat as well as Rashid Dostum's Junbish forces were defeated militarily in the capital Kabul by forces of the interim government under Massoud who subsequently tried to initiate a nationwide political process with the goal of national consolidation and democratic elections, also inviting the Taliban to join the process.

In 1974, Bhutto authorized another secret operation in Kabul where the ISI and the AI extradited Burhanuddin Rabbani and Gulbadin Hekmatyar to Peshawar, amid fear that Rabbani and Hekmatyar may be assassinated by Daoud.

When he was released Karzai fled from Kabul in a vehicle provided by Hekmatyar and driven by Gul Rahman.

* Hekmatyar, whose Hezb-i-Islami forces have bombarded the government in Kabul until driven from their positions by the Taliban, is sworn in again as prime minister.

These government tactics led to physical confrontation between those who supported the Maoists and those who were against the Maoists, that resulted to the death of a prominent Maoist student leader Saydal Sokhandan, who was assassinated by Gulbadin Hekmatyar on the Kabul University campus.

A perfect example of this was that, once Kabul was captured, Gulbuddin Hekmatyar gained the support of some Khalqi ( and mostly Pashto ) hardliners, including the Minister of Internal Affairs Raz Mohammad Paktin and then Defence Minister Mohammad Aslam Watanjar.

Students influenced during this era included Ahmad Shah Massoud, Gulbuddin Hekmatyar, Dr. Faiz Ahmad, and Saydal Sokhandan.

Although the Khalq was dominated mostly by Ghilzais, many of the mujahideen were also Ghilzais during the Soviet war in Afghanistan, including warlords Gulbuddin Hekmatyar and Abdul Rasul Sayyaf.

His overall intelligence picture of Shah took a substantial leap when 2nd Lieutenant Regan Turner, a platoon commander with 2 / 3's " Whiskey Company "-a Weapons Company augmented to function like an infantry line company, gathered a wealth of human intelligence about Shah during a patrol, including his full name: Ahmad Shah Dara-I-nur ( Ahmad Shah of the Valley of the Enlightened ones ); his birthplace, the Kuz Kunar District of Nangarhar Province ; his primary alias: Ismael ; his chief allegiance: Gulbuddin Hekmatyar, who was based out of the Shamshatoo Refugee Camp near Peshawar, Pakistan ; his team's size: ten to twenty fighters ; and his aspirations: to impede the upcoming elections and attempt to aid a resurgent Taliban in the region.

Many of the leading figures of the Afghan-Soviet war were members of this group, including Burhanuddin Rabbani, ` Abd al-Rabb Rasul Sayyaf, Gulbuddin Hekmatyar and Ahmed Shah Massoud.

US Financed the training for the Mujahideen warlords such as Jalaluddin Haqqani, Gulbudin Hekmatyar and Burhanuddin Rabbani eventually culminated to the fall of the Soviet satellite the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan.

A close friend of Massoud, Jaan Mohammad, had been assassinated by Hekmatyar shortly before this incidence.

Leaders such as Ahmad Shah Massoud received only minor aid compared to Hekmatyar and some of the other parties, although Massoud was named the " Afghan who won the cold war " by the Wall Street Journal.

Gulbuddin Hekmatyar was directed, funded and supplied by the Pakistani army.

Gulbuddin Hekmatyar was directed, funded and supplied by the Pakistani army.

** The second was based in Cyprus and led by Homayoun Jarir, a member of the Islamic Party of his father-in-law, Gulbuddin Hekmatyar.

The first attempt on Massoud's life had been carried out by Hekmatyar and two Pakistani ISI agents in 1975, when Massoud was only 22 years old.

The Pakistan government decided to retaliate against the Afghan government's Pashtunistan policy by supporting Islamist opponents of the Afghan government including future Mujahidin leaders Gulbuddin Hekmatyar and Ahmad Shah Massoud.

Karzai was, however, arrested by Mohammad Fahim ( Karzai's current Vice President ) on charges of spying for Gulbuddin Hekmatyar in what Karzai claimed was an effort to mediate between Hekmatyar's militia and the Islamic State.

* Afghan rebel leader Gulbuddin Hekmatyar, from his safe house in Iran, condemned the potential attack by the United States on Afghanistan, and threatened to band with other groups to resist it.

In the last week, the country has been battered by an onslaught from insurgents, who are believed to be a mix of guerrillas from the ousted Taliban regime, al-Qaida fighters and supporters of renegade warlord Gulbuddin Hekmatyar.

Mujahideen party active since the Soviet invasion ; led by Gulbuddin Hekmatyar.

In a clash between Ikhwanis and Sholayees, a poet named Saydal Sokhandan was killed by Gulbuddin Hekmatyar in the 1970s.

In 1975, the " Islamic Society " split between supporters of Massoud and Rabbani, who led the Jamiat-i Islami, and elements surrounding Gulbuddin Hekmatyar, who then founded the Hezb-i Islami.

For the Islamic " super-state " he wanted Osama bin Laden, Al-Qaida-top Ayman al-Zawahiri or Hizb-e Islami-founder Gulbuddin Hekmatyar as leader, and other radical Islamists as leader, citing for instance Gulbuddin Hekmatyar or Ayman Al-Zawahiri as the foreign minister.

Gulbadin Hekmatyar later became the leader of the Islamic Party of Afghanistan, who has been a key ally of the United States in the past.

* 2002-Gulbuddin Hekmatyar, Afghan Islamic leader and warlord

While Gulbuddin Hekmatyar, an Islamist extremist enjoying the backing of neighboring Pakistan, pushed for continued violent struggle against the Afghan government, Massoud and Rabbani advocated for a peaceful political campaign lobbying officials working for the government and armed forces.

Anti-coalition forces, led by former Afghan prime minister Gulbuddin Hekmatyar, have attacked coalition forces with their usual retinue of rockets, mines, and bobby traps.

Hekmatyar has been organizing alliances between the remaining anti-coalition forces in the area and increasing their coordination.

The most prominent figures of the Kharoti tribe include Gulbuddin Hekmatyar, Farhad Darya, Gholam Serwar Nasher, Rahman Kharoti, Ustad Sayaf, Loy Sher Khan Bander and the late Mir Ahmad Khan Qader.

Dr. Faiz Ahmad himself was assassinated on November 12, 1986 along with his 6 other comrades by the Hizb-e Islami militia of Gulbuddin Hekmatyar.

Shah served under Zardad Khan — even earning the nickname Zardad's dog — who served under Gulbuddin Hekmatyar in the Civil war in Afghanistan ( 1992 – 1996 ).

Although Shah was a relatively unknown entity in the region, he apparently held regional aspirations and possibly had the assistance of Gulbuddin Hekmatyar.