But Henry Ford used the planetary transmission in his Model T and earlier cars and, in 1905, as a precautionary measure, took out a license from the man who claimed to be its inventor.

Maj. Gen. Polk ignored the problems of Fort Henry and Fort Donelson when he took command and, after Johnston took command, at first refused to comply with Johnston's order to send an engineer, Lt. Joseph K. Dixon, to inspect the forts.

" This title hails back to England's separation from the See of Rome, when King Henry, as supreme head of the newly independent church, took over all of the monasteries, mainly for their possessions, except for St. Benet, which he spared because the abbot and his monks possessed no wealth, and lived like simple beggars, disposing the incumbent Bishop of Norwich and seating the abbot in his place, thus the dual title still held to this day.

Henry, Duke of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel, then took command of the troops of the league, and after Albert had been placed under the imperial ban in December 1553 he was defeated by Duke Henry, and compelled to flee to France.

During that time he took a great part in the campaigns and negotiations which led to the Treaty of Paris in 1259, under which King Henry III of England recognized his loss of continental territory to France ( including Normandy, Maine, Anjou, and Poitou ) in exchange for France withdrawing support from English rebels.

One of the club's directors Henry Norris, and his friend William Hill, took over Arsenal in the early 1910s, the plan being to merge Fulham with Arsenal, to form a " London superclub " at Craven Cottage.

Soon Henry IV took his revenge.

It took legal actions to force them to do so: in 1864 the Supreme Court of the State of California ordered them under Writs of Mandamus ( The People of the State of California ex rel the Central Pacific Railroad Company vs. Henry P. Coon, Mayor ; Henry M. Hale, Auditor ; and Joseph S. Paxson, Treasurer, of the City and County of San Francisco.

Brubeck originally did not intend to become a musician ( his two older brothers, Henry and Howard, were already on that track ), but took lessons from his mother.

It is said that the estate's owner, Henry Bradford Endicott ( also founder of the Endicott Johnson Corporation ) took the burning of the homestead as a divine command to rebuild ( which he did ).

He briefly took private lessons from the great British phonetician Henry Sweet.

After the baronial victory at the Battle of Lewes in 1264, Simon de Montfort took control of royal government, but at the Battle of Evesham the next year Montfort was killed, and King Henry III restored to power.

On 8 July 1174, Henry and Eleanor took ship for England from Barfleur.

In 1390s, Henry Sinclair I, Earl of Orkney, took possession of the islands ( as vassal of Norway, however ) and for some time they were part of the Sinclair principality in the North Atlantic.

The excommunication of Bardinus was reiterated in Canon 6 of the document produced by Lateran I. Gelasius II promptly excommunicated the antipope Gregory VIII and Henry V. Gelasius was forced to flee under duress from the army of Henry V, and took refuge in the monastery of Cluny, where he died in January of 1119.

* 1369-As the Civil War in Castile came to an end, with the murder of king Peter I by the pretender Henry ( to be known as Henry II ), the Nasrid king of Granada, Muhammad V, former ally of Peter, took over Algeciras.

Henry IV restored the charter granted to Gibraltar in 1310 and took two additional measures: the lands previously belonging to Algeciras ( destroyed in 1369 ) were granted to Gibraltar ; and the status of collegiate church was solicited from the pope Pius II and granted to the parish church of Saint Mary the Crowned (), now the Cathedral of St. Mary the Crowned, on the site of the old main Moorish Mosque.

In its initial years Winslow Homer took a studio there, as did Edward Lamson Henry, and many of the artists of the Hudson River School, including Frederic Church and Albert Bierstadt.

The church was enriched with gifts from the pope, and Henry II had it dedicated in honor of him.

Henry IV became so filled with hubris over his position, that he renounced Gregory VII and named the bishop of Ravenna pope.

Henry had invested the Ravenna bishop, and now he referred to the new pope, Clement III, Antipope Clement III as “ our pope ”.

Henry IV ’ s insistence that Antipope Clement III was the real pope had initially been popular with some of the nobles, and even many of the bishops of Germany.

A sentence of excommunication was pronounced against Henry V, who had extorted through violence from the pope the concessions documented in the Privilegium.

However, it soon became clear that Henry was not willing to concede his presumed and ancient right to name the pope and bishops within his kingdom.

Henry had been the recipient of great pressure from many of his barons in Germany over his conflict with the pope.

The marriage was ultimately annulled by the pope under the pretext of consanguinity and Eleanor soon married the Duke of Normandy – Henry Fitzempress, who would become King of England as Henry II two years later.

Henry crossed the Alps that winter, appearing early in 1077 as a barefoot penitent in the snow before the gates of Matilda's ancestral castle of Canossa, where the pope was staying.

In 1080 Henry was excommunicated again, and the next year he crossed the Alps, aiming either to get the pope to end the excommunication and crown him emperor, or to depose the pope in favor of someone more co-operative.

Henry's control of Rome enabled him to have his choice of pope, Antipope Clement III, consecrated and in turn for this pope to crown Henry as emperor.

The conflict between popes and secular autocratic rulers such as the Holy Roman Emperor Henry IV and Henry I of England, known as the question of investiture, was only resolved in 1122, by the Concordat of Worms, in which the pope decreed that clerics were to be invested by clerical leaders, and temporal rulers by lay investiture.

Rosemary and Darroll Pardoe, authors of The Female Pope: The Mystery of Pope Joan, theorize that if a female pope did exist, a more plausible time frame is 1086 and 1108, when there were several Antipopes ; during this time the reign of the legitimate Popes Victor III, Urban II, and Paschal II was not always established in Rome, since the city was occupied by Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor, and later sacked by the Normans.

In 1082 he visited the Italian king and future Holy Roman Emperor Henry IV at Albano, while the troops of the Imperialist antipope were harassing the pope from Tivoli.

It is the business of the pope to look after the interests of the Roman empire, since the empire derives its origin and its final authority from the papacy ; its origin, because it was originally transferred from Greece by and for the sake of the papacy ... its final authority, because the emperor is raised to his position by the pope who blesses him, crowns him and invests him with the empire .... Therefore, since three persons have lately been elected king by different parties, namely the youth son of Henry VI, Philip Hohenstaufen, brother of Henry VI, and Otto Brunswick, of the Welf family, so also three things must be taken into account in regard to each one, namely: the legality, the suitability and the expediency of his election ...... Far be it from us that we should defer to man rather than to God, or that we should fear the countenance of the powerful .... On the foregoing grounds, then, we decide that the youth should not at present be given the empire ; we utterly reject Philip for his manifest unfitness and we order his usurpation to be resisted by all .... since Otto is not only himself devoted to the church, but comes from devout ancestors on both sides ..... therefore we decree that he ought to be accepted and supported as king, and ought to be given the crown of empire, after the rights of the Roman church have been secured.

Henry attacked Rome, and on the outskirts of the city gained thirteen cardinals who became loyal to his cause.

After Hallam's death the cardinals were able to secure the immediate election of a new pope, Martin V, who was elected on 11 November: it has been said that the abandonment of the reformers by the English was due entirely to Hallam's death ; but it is more likely that Henry V, foreseeing the possible need for a change of front, had given Hallam discretionary powers which the bishop's successors used.

In November 1408 Chichele was back at Westminster, when Henry IV received the cardinal archbishop of Bordeaux and determined to support the cardinals at Pisa against both popes.

The family, since its first appearance in history in the person of Bouchard_I_of_Montmorency | Bouchard I of Montmorency in the 10th century, has furnished six constables and twelve marshals of France, several admirals and cardinals, numerous grand officers of the Crown and grand masters of various knightly orders, and was declared by Henry IV to be, after that of the Bourbons, the first house in Europe.

On 3 June 1564, Charles IX from Chalon, stopped in the town during his Royal Tour of France ( 1564 – 1566 ), accompanied by the Court and the nobles of his kingdom, including his brother the Duke of Anjou, Henry of Navarre, the cardinals of Bourbon and Lorraine.

In 1059, the same papal bull that restricted suffrage to the cardinals also recognised the authority of the Holy Roman Emperor, at the time Henry IV, but only as a concession made by the pope, declaring that the Holy Roman Emperor had no authority to intervene in elections except where permitted to do so by papal agreements.

They accompanied King Henry I to Normandy, to meet with Pope Callixtus II in 1119, when the king incited them to debate philosophy with the cardinals.

Initially the conflict went badly for King Henry, and after the Battle of Lewes in 1264 he was forced to sign the Mise of Lewes, under which his son, Prince Edward, was given over to the rebels as a hostage.

* Hywel ap Rhys ( died 1231 ) spent many years as a hostage at the court of Henry II and on his return became known as Hywel Sais ( Hywel the Saxon, i. e. Englishman ).

During his childhood, Henry spent almost four and a half years as a hostage in Spain, an ordeal that marked him for life, leaving him introverted and gloomy.

Though the document has not survived, it is clear that Henry was forced to accept the Provisions of Oxford, while Prince Edward remained hostage to the barons.

On 22 March 1406 the ship was taken by English pirates off Flamborough Head and James became the hostage of King Henry IV of England.

From 1419 Henry V's treatment of James changed from regarding the Scottish king as a hostage to one more of a guest at his court.

They also mentioned how SWAT team advisors for the film related a similar true incident in Toronto in which a man ( Henry Masuka ) took an ER hostage after it wouldn't provide immediate service to his infant son on New Year's Eve, 1999.

* Although they do not appear in the text of the play, many productions include as on-stage characters Jane Shore ( Edward IV's mistress ), Elizabeth of York ( Edward IV's daughter, later queen consort to Richard III, and then queen consort to Henry VII ), and George Stanley ( Lord Stanley's son, who is held hostage by Richard prior to the Battle of Bosworth Field )

Eleanor, who was Henry's hostage, was then freed while Lord Rhys raised and began to reconquer the southern parts of Wales that Henry had annexed.

In 1180, he left Ireland for the last time, taking with him a son of Ua Conchobair's as a hostage to Henry.

On his return home he was taken hostage by Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor.

* Henry S. Coleman c. ' 44, acting dean of Columbia College, Columbia University who was held hostage during the Columbia University protests of 1968.

They return to the hatch, where hostage " Henry Gale " is exposed as an impostor.

Henry handed his brother Infante Ferdinand over to the Moroccans as a hostage until the fulfillment of the treaty.

A few years before Gille Brigte's death, Henry had taken his son and successor Donnchad as a hostage.

In 1176, Gille Brigte travelled into England, was fined 1000 marks by Henry, and handed over his son Donnchad into Henry's custody as a hostage to ensure good behaviour.

As a result of Gille-Brighde's conflict with Uhtred and the Scottish monarch William the Lion, Donnchadh became a hostage of King Henry II of England.

Historians rely on Roger's writings for a number of important details about Donnchadh's life: that Gille-Brighde handed Donnchadh over as a hostage to Henry II under the care of Hugh de Morwic, Sheriff of Cumberland ; that Donnchcadh married the daughter of Alan fitz Walter under protest from the Scottish king ; and that Donnchadh fought a battle in Ireland in 1197 assisting John de Courcy, Prince of Ulster.

An agreement was obtained with Henry in 1176, Gille-Brighde promising to pay him 1000 marks of silver and handing over his son Donnchadh as a hostage.