It was to Aegina rather than Athens that the prize of valour at Salamis was awarded, and the destruction of the Persian fleet appears to have been as much the work of the Aeginetan contingent as of the Athenian ( Herod.

Some historians, particularly Josephus, claim that Claudius was directed in his actions by the Judaean King Herod Agrippa.

Aiding him in his actions was his good friend, Herod Agrippa, who became governor of the territories of Batanaea and Trachonitis after Caligula became emperor in AD 37.

Egypt is identified in the Bible as the place of refuge that the Holy Family sought in its flight from Judea: " When he arose, he took the young Child and His mother by night and departed for Egypt, and was there until the death of Herod the Great, that it might be fulfilled which was spoken by the Lord through the prophet, saying, Out of Egypt I called My Son " ( Matthew 2: 12 – 23 ).

The Bible describes Jesus ' tomb as being outside the city wall, as was normal for burials across the ancient world, which were regarded as unclean, but the Church of the Holy Sepulchre is in the heart of Hadrian's city, well within the Old City walls, which were built by Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent in 1538 Some have claimed that the city had been much narrower in Jesus ' time, with the site then having been outside the walls ; since Herod Agrippa ( 41 – 44 ) is recorded by history as extending the city to the north ( beyond the present northern walls ), the required repositioning of the western wall is traditionally attributed to him as well.

It was one of the world's first health resorts ( for Herod the Great ), and it has been the supplier of a wide variety of products, from balms for Egyptian mummification to potash for fertilizers.

The most famous was Masada, where, in 70-73 CE, a small group of Jewish zealots held out against the might of the Roman legion, and Machaerus where, according to Josephus, John the Baptist was imprisoned by Herod Antipas and died.

Gentile government was strengthened by the city's refoundation under Herod the Great ( r. 37 – 4 BC ), when it had taken on the name of Augustus Caesar.

In 40 – 39, Herod the Great was appointed King of the Jews by the Roman Senate, and in 6 CE the last ethnarch of Judea was deposed by the emperor Augustus and his territories were combined with Idumea and Samaria and annexed as Iudaea Province under direct Roman administration.

In Demonstration ( 74 ) Irenaeus reinforced his view that Jesus was at least 45 with the statement " For Herod the king of the Jews and Pontius Pilate, the governor of Claudius Caesar, came together and condemned Him to be crucified.

However, according to other historical accounts Machaerus was rebuilt by Herod the Great around 30 AD and then passed to Herod Antipas.

However, although both the gospels and Josephus refer to Herod Antipas killing John the Baptist, they differ on the details and motives, e. g. whether this act was a consequence of the marriage of Herod Antipas and Herodias ( as indicated in Matthew 14: 4, Mark 6: 18 ), or a pre-emptive measure by Herod which possibly took place before the marriage to quell a possible uprising based on the remarks of John, as Josephus suggests in Antiquities 18. 5. 2.

Louis Feldman has stated that there is " no necessary contradiction between Josephus and the gospels as to the reason why John was put to death " in that the Christians chose to emphasize the moral charges while Josephus emphasized the political fears that John stirred in Herod.

Josephus stated ( Antiquities 18. 5. 2 ) that the AD 36 defeat of Herod Antipas in the conflicts with Aretas IV of Nabatea was widely considered by the Jews of the time as misfortune brought about by Herod's unjust execution of John the Baptist.

One of these forts, built at the entrance to Wadi Qelt, was later refortified by Herod the Great, who named it Kypros after his mother.

John condemned Herod for marrying Herodias ( who was not only his brother Philip's former wife but also Herod's niece ) in violation of Old Testament Law.

Later Herodias's daughter Salome ( who was both Herod's grand-niece and stepdaughter ) dances before Herod, who offers her a favour in return.

* 43 BCE: Antipater the Idumaean is killed by poison, and is succeeded by his sons Phasael and Herod

In John, Jesus and his disciples go to Judea early in Jesus ' ministry when John has not yet been imprisoned and executed by Herod.

The city came to be ruled by the Hasmoneans, following the success of the Maccabean Revolt, and remained such until the Roman influence over the area brought Herod to claim the Hasmenean throne of Judea.

But when he heard that Archelaus was reigning in Judea in place of his father Herod, he was afraid to go there.

After Herod Agrippa's death in 44 A. D., when Judea reverted to direct Roman rule, Claudius gave procurators control over Judea.

* Herod Archelaus, ethnarch of Samaria ( Judea ) ( d. AD 18 )

* Herod the Great, king of Judea

* Herod Archelaus, ethnarch of Samaria, Judea, and Idumea, is deposed and banished to Vienne in Gaul.

* Herod the Great, Client king of Judea

** Herod the Great, client king of Judea ( b. 73 BC )

* Herod Agrippa II rules the northeast of Judea.

2. 9. 1-4 ), Herod Agrippa I in his first year of reign over the whole Judea ( AD 41 ) killed James, son of Zebedee and arrested Peter, planning to kill him after the Passover.

His sons, Herod Archelaus becomes the new ruler of Judea.

Herod the Great becomes king of Judea and Ananelus is installed as High Priest, both positions seized from Antigonus II Mattathias after a five-month siege.

Herod (, Hordos, Greek:, Hērōdēs ), also known as Herod the Great ( born 73 or 74 BCE, died 4 BCE in Jericho ), was a Roman client king of Judea.

The Romans made Herod's son Herod Archelaus ethnarch of Judea, Samaria, and Idumea ( biblical Edom ) from 4 BCE to 6 CE, referred to as the tetrarchy of Judea.

As a reward for his assistance, Claudius gave Agrippa dominion over Judea and Samaria, while the kingdom of Chalcis in Lebanon was at his request given to his brother Herod.

Antipatris, one of two places known as Tel Afek (), was a city built by Herod the Great, and named in honour of his father, Antipater II of Judea.

Six years later Hyrcanus was deprived of the remainder of political authority and ultimate jurisdiction was given to the Proconsul of Syria, who ruled through Hyrcanus's Idumaean associate Antipater, and later Antipater's two sons Phasael ( military governor of Judea ) and Herod ( military governor of Galilee ).

She then fell in love with Herod Archelaus, another son of Herod the Great and Ethnarch of Judea.

In the Antiquities of the Jews ( Book 18, Chapter 5, 2 ) Josephus refers to the imprisonment and death of John the Baptist by order of Herod Antipas, the ruler of Galilee and Perea.

The context of this reference is the 36 AD defeat of Herod Antipas in his conflict with Aretas IV of Nabatea, which the Jews of the time attributed to misfortune brought about by Herod's unjust execution of John.

While the gospels present this as a consequence of the marriage of Herod Antipas and Herodias in defiance of Jewish law ( as in Matthew 14: 4, Mark 6: 18 ) Josephus refers to it as a pre-emptive measure by Herod to quell a possible uprising.

The 36 AD date of the conflict with Aretas IV mentioned by Josephus is, however, consistent ( and shortly after ) the approximate date of the marriage of Herod Antipas and Herodias estimated by other historical methods.