Aristotle refers to a version of The Histories written by ' Herodotus of Thurium ' and indeed some passages in the Histories have been interpreted as proof that he wrote about southern Italy from personal experience there ( IV, 15, 99 ; VI 127 ).

The earliest written evidence of people living in the territory of the present-day Romania comes from Herodotus in book IV of his Histories written c. 440 BCE.

They are first mentioned in the writings of the Ancient Greeks, in Herodotus ( Histories Book IV XCIII: " the noblest as well as the most just of all the Thracian tribes ") and Thucydides ( Peloponnesian Wars, Book II: " border on the Scythians and are armed in the same manner, being all mounted archers ").

* Herodotus, Histories, Book IV – translated by Rawlinson, 1942 edition

Samolxis, Σάμολξις ) is a divinity of the Getae, mentioned by Herodotus in his Histories IV, 93-96.

Histories, History of Herodotus, Book IV.

Traditional details concerning the founding of the city are contained in Herodotus ' Histories IV.

Some scholars have proposed that the Wusun may have been identical with the people described by Herodotus ( IV. 16-25 ) and in Ptolemy's Geography as Issedones.

In book IV of The Histories, Herodotus reports

* Herodotus, The Histories, ( Loeb Classical Library, No. 118, Books III – IV ), English Translation by A. D. Godley, Harvard University Press ( 1920 ), ISBN 0-674-99131-1.

The Issedones ( Ἰσσηδόνες ) were an ancient people of Central Asia at the end of the trade route leading north-east from Scythia, described in the lost Arimaspeia of Aristeas, by Herodotus in his History ( IV. 16-25 ) and by Ptolemy in his Geography.

This may indicate institutionalized polyandry ) and a high status for women ( Herodotus IV. 26: " and their women have equal rights with the men ").

* Herodotus, Histories, IV.

Numerous ancient texts, such as the Rig Veda, composed before 1200 BCE, ( e. g. in 4. 25. 7c ), and Herodotus in his Histories composed circa 450 BCE which mentions the Pashtuns as " Paktyakai " ( Book IV v. 44 ) and as the " Aparytai " = Afridis ( Book III v. 91 ) in what is now Afghanistan and Pakistan, yet no sources before the conversion of the Pashtuns to Islam mention any Israelite or Jewish connection, nor is the Eastern Iranian language of the Pashtuns taken into account when examining the claims of Hebrew ancestry.

In book IV of The History by Herodotus, the Tauri are described as living " entirely from war and plundering ".

The land of the Tauric Chersonese and its rumored custom of killing Greeks are described by Herodotus in his histories, Book IV, 99-100 and 103.

In the words of Herodotus ( IV. 53 ):

Harris dates studies of both to Classical Greece and Classical Rome, specifically, to Herodotus, often called the " father of history " and the Roman historian, Tacitus, who wrote many of our only surviving contemporary accounts of several ancient Celtic and Germanic peoples.

Herodotus first formulated some of the persistent problems of anthropology.

His oracular shrine in Abae in Phocis, where he bore the toponymic epithet Abaeus (, Apollon Abaios ) was important enough to be consulted by Croesus ( Herodotus, 1. 46 ).

The use of the abacus in Ancient Egypt is mentioned by the Greek historian Herodotus, who writes that the Egyptians manipulated the pebbles from right to left, opposite in direction to the Greek left-to-right method.

The oldest known mention of " Atlantic " is in The Histories of Herodotus around 450 BC ( Hdt.

The connection to Phoenician religion claimed by Herodotus I. 105, 131 ) has led to inconclusive attempts at deriving Greek Aphrodite from a Semitic Aštoret, via hypothetical Hittite transmission.

According to the historian Herodotus, the poet threw away his shield to make good his escape from the victorious Athenians then celebrated the occasion in a poem that he later sent to his friend, Melanippus.

Most of our information about him is derived from Herodotus ( 2. 161ff ) and can only be imperfectly verified by monumental evidence.

Herodotus describes how Amasis II would eventually cause a confrontation with the Persian armies.

According to Herodotus, Amasis, was asked by Cambyses II or Cyrus the Great for an Egyptian ophthalmologist on good terms.

Amasis worrying that his daughter would be a concubine to the Persian king refused to give up his offspring ; Amasis also was not willing to take on the Persian empire so he concocted a trickery in which he forced the daughter of the ex-pharaoh Apries, whom Herodotus explicitly confirms to have been killed by Amasis, to go to Persia instead of his own offspring.

Herodotus also describes that just like his predecessor, Amasis II relied on Greek mercenaries and council men.

One such figure was Phanes of Halicarnassus, who would later on leave Amasis, for reasons Herodotus does not clearly know but suspects were personal between the two figures.

Herodotus called them Androktones (" killers of men "), and he stated that in the Scythian language they were called Oiorpata, which he asserted had this meaning.

For example, the story of the Amazons settling with the Scythians ( Herodotus Histories 4. 110. 1-117. 1 ).

* Herodotus v. 17, 94

According to Herodotus, when Anacharsis returned to the Scythians he was killed by his own brother for his Greek ways and especially for the impious attempt to sacrifice to the Mother Goddess Cybele, whose cult was unwelcome among the Scythians.

* Herodotus iv.

The word is attested in Herodotus, who wrote some of the first surviving Greek prose, but this may not have been before 440 or 430 BC.

Herodotus identified the Achaeans of the northern Peloponnese as descendants of the earlier, Homeric Achaeans.

Pausanias and Herodotus both recount the legend that the Achaeans were forced from these homelands by the Dorians, during the legendary Dorian invasion of the Peloponnese.

According to Herodotus ( 3. 64 ) he died in Ecbatana, i. e. Hamath ; Josephus ( Antiquites xi.

He did say that the ancient Persians called all the Scyths Σάκαι ( Sacae, Herodotus 7. 64 ).

Herodotus ( 7. 64 ) describes them as Scythians, called by a different name: