It is by no stretch of the imagination a happy choice and the arguments against it as a practical strategy are formidable.

Those arguments are presented in written briefs and sometimes in oral argument to the court at a hearing.

In an appeal on the record from a decision in a judicial proceeding, both appellant and respondent are bound to base their arguments wholly on the proceedings and body of evidence as they were presented in the lower tribunal.

This is also often the stage at which arguments for or against pre-trial release and bail are made, depending on the alleged crime and jurisdiction.

David D. Friedman says he is not an absolutist rights theorist but is also " not a utilitarian ", however, he does believe that " utilitarian arguments are usually the best way to defend libertarian views ".

Frank Tipler has argued that physics can explain immortality, though such arguments are not falsifiable and thus do not qualify, in Karl Popper's views, as science.

Hume believes that all disputes on the subject have been merely verbal arguments — that is to say, arguments which are based on a lack of prior agreement on definitions.

Many arguments from morality are based on morality normativity, which suggest that objective moral truths exist and require God's existence to give them authority.

On a more abstract level, model theoretic arguments hold that a given set of symbols in a theory can be mapped onto any number of sets of real-world objects — each set being a " model " of the theory — providing the interrelationships between the objects are the same.

That said, some people are challenging this, using arguments similar to those used by peyotist religious sects, such as the Native American Church.

By definition a multilinear map is alternating if it vanishes whenever two of its arguments are equal.

There is a third view that sees merit in both arguments above and attempts to bridge them, and so cannot be articulated as starkly as they can ; it sees more than one Christianity and more than one attitude towards paganism at work in the poem, separated from each other by hundreds of years ; it sees the poem as originally the product of a literate Christian author with one foot in the pagan world and one in the Christian, himself a convert perhaps or one whose forbears had been pagan, a poet who was conversant in both oral and literary milieus and was capable of a masterful " repurposing " of poetry from the oral tradition ; this early Christian poet saw virtue manifest in a willingness to sacrifice oneself in a devotion to justice and in an attempt to aid and protect those in need of help and greater safety ; good pagan men had trodden that noble path and so this poet presents pagan culture with equanimity and respect ; yet overlaid upon this early Christian poet's composition are verses from a much later reformist " fire-and-brimstone " Christian poet who vilifies pagan practice as dark and sinful and who adds satanic aspects to its monsters.

Whichever term is employed, there are three basic variants of the argument, each with subtle yet important distinctions: the arguments from in causa ( causality ), in esse ( essentiality ), in fieri ( becoming ), and the argument from contingency.

Some programming languages almost always use curried functions to achieve multiple arguments ; notable examples are ML and Haskell, where in both cases all functions have exactly one argument.

Note that after calling, we are left with a function that takes a single argument and returns another function, not a function that takes two arguments.

The practical motivation for partial application is that very often the functions obtained by supplying some but not all of the arguments to a function are useful ; for example, many languages have a function or operator similar to.

The " function " is the solution of a problem and the " arguments " are the data in the problem.

The superficial consistency of most beetles ' morphology, in particular their possession of elytra, has long suggested that the Coleoptera are monophyletic, but there is growing evidence that this is unjustified, there being arguments for example, in favour of allocating the current suborder Adephaga their own order, or very likely even more than one.

Saunderson's arguments are those of a Neo-Spinozist, Naturalist, and Fatalist, using a sophisticated notion of the self-generation and natural evolution of species without Creation or supernatural intervention.

The scientific community considers that Duesberg's arguments are the result of cherry-picking predominantly outdated scientific data and selectively ignoring evidence in favour of HIV's role in AIDS.

The arguments of the lattice theory operations meet and join are elements of some universe A.

Meanwhile, the arguments of the transformation group operations composition and inverse are elements of a set of bijections, A → A.

“ What ” and “ who ” questions are problematic sentences that this treatment method attempts to improve, and they are also two interrogative particles that are strongly related to each other because they reorder arguments from the declarative counterparts.

Alexander drew mainly from his own disputations, but also selected ideas, arguments and sources from his contemporaries.

In addition to using its ALU to perform operations, a CPU is also responsible for reading the next instruction from memory, reading data specified in arguments from memory, and writing results to memory.

The concept of zero ( which was also called " cipher "), which we all now think of as natural, was alien to medieval Europe, so confusing and ambiguous to common Europeans that in arguments people would say " talk clearly and not so far fetched as a cipher ".

Yet he also put forward arguments that suggested that polytheism had much to commend it in preference to monotheism.

Michael Wreen argued that “ the principal thing that distinguishes euthanasia from intentional killing simpliciter is the agent's motive: it must be a good motive insofar as the good of the person killed is concerned ”, a view mirrored by Heather Draper, who also spoke to the importance of motive, arguing that " the motive forms a crucial part of arguments for euthanasia, because it must be in the best interests of the person on the receiving end.

Among his many arguments Hume also added another important slant to the debate about scientific method — that of the problem of induction.

A bifunctor ( also known as a binary functor ) is a functor in two arguments.

It often marks a noun as being the possessor of another noun ; however, it can also indicate various other relationships than possession: certain verbs may take arguments in the genitive case, and it may have adverbial uses ( see Adverbial genitive ).

Some scholars have seen Perses as a literary creation, a foil for the moralizing that Hesiod develops in Works and Days, but there are also arguments against this theory.

Kepler also incorporated religious arguments and reasoning into his work, motivated by the religious conviction and belief that God had created the world according to an intelligible plan that is accessible through the natural light of reason.

Louis Feldman rejects these arguments against the authenticity of the James passage and states that in several other unrelated cases the Jewish War also differs from the Antiquities, and that an interpolator would have made the two accounts correspond more closely to each other, not make them differ.

Calling a procedure with inputs ( the name usually used for arguments in the Logo literature ) also creates local variables that hold the argument values.

There are also similar, but invalid, arguments such as affirming the consequent and denying the antecedent.

Numerical calculations and some other arguments have also hinted at this possibility.

Some Modern Orthodox Jews are also somewhat more willing to consider revisiting questions of Jewish law through Talmudic arguments.

For the Neoplatonist they also formed a raw material for the writing of more systematic treatises in which were given arguments and means by which to struggle against some defect ( such as anger, envy, gossip, flattery ) or to overcome some difficult circumstance ( such as a mourning, an exile, downfall, disgrace ).

Phrenology also provided reformist arguments for the lunatic asylums of the Victorian era.

Mathematical functions have one or more arguments that are designated in the definition by variables, while their definition can also contain parameters.

On the other hand, it is also common to use arguments of the second type concerning the existence of some mathematical object.

Haredim have also sometimes perceived arguments for liberalization as in reality stemming from antagonism to Jewish law and beliefs generally, arguing that preserving faith requires resisting secular and " un-Jewish " ideas.

Flori also analysed contemporaneous accounts ; he refuted Gillingham's arguments and concluded that Richard's two public confessions and penitences ( in 1191 and 1195 ) must have referred to the " sin of sodomy ".

He regarded formal semiotic as logic per se and part of philosophy ; as also encompassing study of arguments ( hypothetical, deductive, and inductive ) and inquiry's methods including pragmatism ; and as allied to but distinct from logic's pure mathematics.