After retreating under criticism from modern natural philosophers, the distinctively Aristotelian idea of teleology was transmitted through Wolff and Kant to Hegel, who applied it to history as a totality.

On March 3, 1933, after the Reichstag fire, Hans Lachmann-Mosse, the publisher, dismissed editor in chief Theodor Wolff because of his criticism of the Nazi government and his Jewish ancestry.

Locke also noted that the conscience is influenced by " education, company, and customs of the country ", a criticism mounted by J. L. Mackie, who argued that the conscience should be seen as an " introjection " of other people into an agent's mind.

Beginning in 1834, he spent his scholarly career at the University of Leipzig where he was mainly influenced by JGB Winer, and he began to take special interest in New Testament criticism.

Lacan's theories influenced literary criticism of Hamlet because of his alternative vision of the play and his use of semantics to explore the play's psychological landscape.

Marx has influenced disciplines such as archaeology, anthropology, media studies, political science, theater, history, sociological theory, cultural studies, education, economics, geography, literary criticism, aesthetics, critical psychology, and philosophy.

The Septuagint, the Greek version of the Hebrew Bible, influenced Longinus, who may have been the author of the great book of literary criticism, On the Sublime, although the true author is still unknown for certain.

‪ File: Ernst Mach 01. jpg ‬‬| Ernst Mach ( 1838-1916 ): contributed the Mach number, studied shock waves and how airflow is disturbed at the speed of sound, influenced logical positivism, forerunner of Einstein ’ s relativity through his criticism of Newton ‬‬‬‬

Postmodernism has influenced many disciplines, including religion, literary criticism, sociology, ethics and morality, linguistics, architecture, history, politics, international relations, anthropology, visual arts, and music.

Recognizing that the extension of processing power into everyday scenarios would necessitate understandings of social, cultural and psychological phenomena beyond its proper ambit, Weiser was influenced by many fields outside computer science, including " philosophy, phenomenology, anthropology, psychology, post-Modernism, sociology of science and feminist criticism.

Their works and outlook deeply influenced literature, aesthetics, criticism, and economics as well as modern attitudes towards feminism, pacifism, and sexuality.

The structure of the poem, according to McGann, is influenced by Coleridge's interest in higher criticism, and its function " was to illustrate a significant continuity of meaning between cultural phenomena that seemed as diverse as pagan superstitions, Catholic theology, Aristotelian science, and contemporary philological theory, to name only a few of the work's ostentatiously present materials.

The Arts and Crafts philosophy was influenced by Ruskin's social criticism, which sought to relate the moral and social health of a nation to the qualities of its architecture and design.

Psychoanalytic literary criticism refers to literary criticism or literary theory which, in method, concept, or form, is influenced by the tradition of psychoanalysis begun by Sigmund Freud.

Derrida and Deconstruction influenced aesthetics, literary criticism, architecture, film theory, anthropology, sociology, historiography, law, psychoanalysis, theology, feminism, gay and lesbian studies and political theory.

Some of Mach's criticisms of Newton's position on space and time influenced Einstein, but later Einstein realized that Mach was basically opposed to Newton's philosophy and concluded that his physical criticism was not sound.

Instead of taking on the classical criticism of art that involved knowledge of color, composition and line, Gautier was strongly influenced by Denis Diderot's idea that the critic should have the ability to describe the art so as the reader can " see " the art through his description.

Gore's work, however, bearing the mark of liberal Protestant higher criticism, paved the way for an alternative form of Anglo-Catholicism influenced by liberal theology.

His work is a criticism of the ideas of Jean-Jacques Rousseau, a French philosopher whose ideas influenced the French Revolution.

As an indirect result of this incident, Verlaine was arrested and imprisoned at Mons, where he underwent a conversion to Roman Catholicism, which again influenced his work and provoked Rimbaud's sharp criticism.

It has been argued that Aristophanes caricatured a ' pre-Socratic ' Socrates and that the philosopher depicted by Plato was a more mature thinker who had been influenced by such criticism.

Griffith's fierce criticism of the Irish Parliamentary Party's alliance with British Liberalism was heavily influenced by the anti-Liberal rhetoric of Young Irelander John Mitchel.

There has also been criticism of allegedly widespread French antisemitism, influenced in part by the historical context of Vichy France complicity in the Holocaust.

The philosophy of Victor Cousin influenced him strongly, but his strength lay in exposition and criticism rather than in original thought.

He also began work on a new book, a piece of automatic writing titled The Anathema of Zos: The Sermon to the Hypocrites, which served as a criticism of British society influenced by the ideas of German philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche.

* The shape and meanings of criticism were influenced very considerably by wars ( including two world wars ), which were occurring almost continuously somewhere in the world.

Attributed to Immanuel Kant, the critical philosophy movement sees the primary task of philosophy as criticism rather than justification of knowledge ; criticism, for Kant, meant judging as to the possibilities of knowledge before advancing to knowledge itself ( from the Greek kritike ( techne ), or " art of judgment ").

Immanuel Kant's approach to philosophy, his ' criticism ', is thoroughly selfconscious and reflexive.

Labour and Social Welfare Minister Immanuel Ngatjizeko praised the 2008 study as " by far superior in scope and quality to any that has been available previously ", but its methodology has also received criticism.

Jacobi used the term to characterize rationalism and in particular Immanuel Kant's " critical " philosophy in order to carry out a reductio ad absurdum according to which all rationalism ( philosophy as criticism ) reduces to nihilism, and thus it should be avoided and replaced with a return to some type of faith and revelation.

Friedrich Heinrich Jacobi ( 1743 – 1819 ), characterized rationalism, and in particular Immanuel Kant's " critical " philosophy in order to carry out a reductio ad absurdum according to which all rationalism ( philosophy as criticism ) reduces to nihilism, and thus it should be avoided and replaced with a return to some type of faith and revelation.

A notable exception to the lack of such debate is Gabrielle Thuller, who points to how kitsch criticism is based on Immanuel Kant's philosophy of aesthetics.

Brown's other work included a criticism of Erasmus Darwin's Zoonomia ( 1798 ), and he was one of the first contributors to the Edinburgh Review, in the second number of which he published a criticism of Immanuel Kant's philosophy, based entirely on Villers's French account of it.

In the 19th century, criticism also gained the philosophical meaning of " a critical examination of the faculty of knowledge ", particularly in the sense used by Immanuel Kant.

De Man elaborated a distinct deconstruction in his philosophically-oriented literary criticism of Romanticism, both English Romanticism and German Romanticism, with particular attention to William Wordsworth, John Keats, Maurice Blanchot, Marcel Proust, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Friedrich Nietzsche, Immanuel Kant, G. W. F.

Neo-Kantianism refers broadly to a revived type of philosophy along the lines of that laid down by Immanuel Kant in the 18th century, or more specifically by Schopenhauer's criticism of the Kantian philosophy in his work The World as Will and Representation ( 1818 ), as well as by other post-Kantian philosophers such as Jakob Friedrich Fries and Johann Friedrich Herbart.

Though the term Noumenon did not come into common usage until Kant, the idea that undergirds it, that matter has an absolute existence which causes it to emanate certain phenomena, had historically been subjected to criticism.

Kant responded to Eberhard's criticism in his Ueber eine Entdeckung, nach der alle neue Kritik der reinen Vernunft durch eine ältere entbehrlich gemacht werden soll ( Königsberg, 1790 ).

Maimon ’ s metaphysical concept of " infinite mind " was similar to Fichte ’ s " Ich " and Hegel ’ s " Geist ," He ignored the results of Kant ’ s criticism and returned to pre – Kantian transcendent speculation.

But Kant says that it is impossible to agree, “ even for a single lifetime ,” to a permanent religious constitution that doesn ’ t allow public comment and criticism.

The heart of Scheler's criticism of Kant is within his theory of values.

He devoted himself to criticism and explanation of the doctrine of Kant, and in 1793 published the Erläuternder Auszug aus den kritischen Schriften des Herrn Prof. Kant, auf Anrathen desselben ( Riga, 1793 – 1796 ), which has been widely used as a compendium of Kantian doctrine.

The main argument of the Transcendentalphilosophie not only drew from Kant, who saw the first chapter in MS. and remarked that Maimon alone of his all critics had mastered the true meaning of his philosophy, but also directed the path of most subsequent criticism.