It was made capable of making war and peace, negotiating diplomatic and commercial agreements with foreign countries, and deciding disputes between the states, including their additional and contested western territories.

The First Liberal government also established the basis of the later welfare state, with old age pensions, developed a system for settling industrial disputes, which was accepted by both employers and trade unions.

Ambraciot politics featured many frontier disputes with the Amphilochians and Acarnanians.

Osiander's divergence from Luther's doctrine of justification by faith involved him in a violent quarrel with Philip Melanchthon, who had adherents in Königsberg, and these theological disputes soon created an uproar in the town.

Heavy disputes between Hekmatyar and Massoud in 1975 reached to such a point that Hekmatyar with the help of two Pakistani agents tried to assassinate Massoud, then 22 years old.

It also allows most private litigants to settle their disputes in an amicable manner through discovery and pre-trial settlements in which non-contested facts are agreed upon and not dealt with during the trial process.

The legal and ritual opinions recorded in Rav's name and his disputes with Samuel constitute the main body of the Babylonian Talmud.

He had many interesting disputes with the Christians of his day ( Shab.

Shortly thereafter, Athanasius became occupied with the disputes with the Byzantine Empire and Arians which would occupy much of his life.

Additionally, Brazil has no contested territorial disputes with any of its neighbours and neither does it have rivalries, like Chile and Bolivia have with each other.

Since the 2002 civil war in Côte d ' Ivoire, relations between it and Burkina Faso have been filled with accusations of Burkinabé support for rebels on one side and claims of mistreatment of Burkinabé workers on the other .< ref > Blaise Campaoré :<< La crise ivoirienne inquiète le Burkina >>, Le Figaro, December 11, 2005 </ ref > Côte d ' Ivoire remains Burkina Faso's largest regional trading partner in spite of their disputes and tens of thousands of Burkinabés continue to work in the Ivory Coast.

Marlborough wrote an appeal to the Duke of Württemberg, the commander of the Danish contingent – " I send you this express to request your Highness to bring forward by a double march your cavalry so as to join us at the earliest moment …" Additionally, the King in Prussia, Frederick I, had kept his troops in quarters behind the Rhine while his personal disputes with Vienna and the States-General at The Hague remained unresolved.

Holly was having trouble getting his royalties from Petty, so he hired the noted lawyer Harold Orenstein at the recommendation of his friends the Everly Brothers, who had engaged Orenstein following disputes with their own manager, Wesley Rose.

Chile also temporarily resolved its border disputes with Argentina with the Puna de Atacama Lawsuit of 1899, the Boundary treaty of 1881 between Chile and Argentina and the 1902 General Treaty of Arbitration.

Key issues over the last decade have been the implementation of the Dayton Accords and the Erdut Agreement, nondiscriminatory facilitation of the return of refugees and displaced persons from the 1991-95 war including property restitution for ethnic Serbs, resolution of border disputes with Slovenia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Serbia and Montenegro, and general democratization.

Relations with Nicaragua and Venezuela have been strained over territorial disputes.

Maritime boundary dispute with Venezuela in the Gulf of Venezuela ; territorial disputes with Nicaragua over Archipelago de San Andrés y Providencia and Quita Sueño Bank.

The United States disputes sovereignty with Colombia over the Serranilla Bank and the Bajo Nuevo Bank.

This irregularity in the boundary is the result of territorial disputes in the late 17th century, culminating with New York giving up its claim to the area, whose residents considered themselves part of Connecticut, in exchange for an equivalent area extending northwards from Ridgefield to the Massachusetts border as well as undisputed claim to Rye, New York.

Conciliation is an alternative dispute resolution ( ADR ) process whereby the parties to a dispute ( including future interest disputes ) agree to utilize the services of a conciliator, who then meets with the parties separately in an attempt to resolve their differences.

At the same time, the Embassy is working with the Dominican Government to resolve a range of ongoing commercial and investment disputes.

It was originally planned to be directed by Stanley Kubrick from a screenplay by Sam Peckinpah but studio disputes led to their replacement by Brando and Guy Trosper.

When the earlier disputes broke out into the so-called Mormon War of 1838, Atchison was appointed a major general in the state militia and took part in suppression of the violence by both sides.

He also ran a school and enjoyed the support of rulers, and supported peaceful means of resolving disputes in contrast to the wars which were common in the period ( the so-called Warring States Period ).

To avoid the power struggles and turf disputes that led to the Castellammarese War, Luciano established the National Crime Syndicate, consisting of the major family bosses from around the country and the so-called " five families " of New York.

These modifications to the Bavaria statue occurred at the time of the so-called Rhine Crisis of 1840 / 41, which involved border disputes between France and the German Confederation and led to a surge of patriotic outbursts against the “ archenemy ” France.

An impassioned preacher and a skillful mediator, Marco d ' Aviano played a crucial role in resolving disputes, restoring unity, and energizing the armies of the so-called ' Holy League ,' which included Austria, Poland, Venice, and the Papal States under the leadership of the Polish king Jan III Sobieski.

Some models are significantly more sophisticated than a plain wiki, incorporating semantic tags, levels of control or scoring to mediate disputes – however this always risks empowering a clique of moderators more than would be the case given their trust position within the democratic entity – a parallel to the common wiki problem of official vandalism by persons entrusted with power by owners or publishers ( so-called " sysop vandalism " or " administrative censorship ").

Henry II developed the practice of sending judges from his own central court to hear the various disputes throughout the country.

In light of this many copyright disputes are settled by a direct approach to the infringing party in order to settle the dispute out of court.

In civil cases involving disputes between private citizens, the behaviour resulting in the ruling is often directed at one of the parties involved rather than at the court directly.

Einhard retired from court during the time of the disputes between Louis and his sons in the spring of 830.

Guinea plans to inaugurate an arbitration court system to allow for the quick resolution of commercial disputes.

This policy essentially attempts to provide a mechanism for rapid, cheap and reasonable resolution of domain name conflicts, avoiding the traditional court system for disputes by allowing cases to be brought to one of a set of bodies that arbitrate domain name disputes.

Special courts such as the Cour de la Fond ( for commercial disputes in the markets ) and the Cour de la Mer ( an admiralty court ) existed in the coastal cities.

The treaty provided that the League of Nations was responsible for establishing an arbital court to resolve disputes that might arise and stipulated that its decisions were final.

Tribal membership conflicts have led to a number of legal disputes, court cases, and the formation of activist groups.

Further, courts must follow their own proclamations of law made earlier on other cases, and honor rulings made by other courts in disputes among the parties before them pertaining to the same pattern of facts or events, unless they have a strong reason to change these rulings ( see Law of the case re: a court's previous holding being binding precedent for that court ).

The court will not engage in political disputes.

The idea of an international court of justice arose in the political world at the First Hague Peace Conference in 1899, where it was declared that arbitration between states was the easiest solution to disputes, providing a temporary panel of judges to arbitrate in such cases, the Permanent Court of Arbitration.

The Commonwealth consisted of a number of clans run by chieftains, and the Althing was a combination of parliament and supreme court where disputes appealed from lower courts were settled, laws were decided, and decisions of national importance were taken.

A police force that reports to the court enforces the judges ' rulings, but also helps settle community disputes and apprehend suspected criminals.

Unable to limit what they called " government by injunction " in the courts, labor and its allies persuaded the Congress of the United States in 1932 to pass the Norris-LaGuardia Act, which imposed so many procedural and substantive limits on the federal courts ' power to issue injunctions that it was an effective prohibition on federal court injunctions in cases arising out of labor disputes.

The Act states that in yellow-dog contracts, where workers agree as a condition of employment not join a labor union, are unenforceable in federal court and establishes that employees are free to form unions without employer interference, and can withdraw from the federal courts jurisdiction relative to the issuance of injunctions in nonviolent labor disputes.

Due to costly court expenses and immediate jailing of those accused of criminal offenses, people in the Song preferred to settle disputes and quarrels privately, without the court's interference.

In the United States, a state court has jurisdiction over disputes with some connection to a U. S. state, as opposed to the federal government.

State court systems usually have expedited procedures for civil disputes involving small dollar amounts ( typically under $ 5, 000 to $ 25, 000 depending upon the state court in question ), most of which involve collection of small contractual debts ( such as unpaid credit cards ) and landlord-tenant matters.

A court is a form of tribunal, often a governmental institution, with the authority to adjudicate legal disputes between parties and carry out the administration of justice in civil, criminal, and administrative matters in accordance with the rule of law.

Given the range of his office-holding both regionally and at court, he did not need to draw ruinously on his own resources to dispense patronage on a grand scale and he was active in the arbitration of local disputes ; even state matters were regularly referred for his personal adjudication.

Recently, several political analysts and commentators have pointed to the fact that the government of Puerto Rico is subject to an unreasonable amount of legal claims and court judgments, including some from political harassment allegations and accusations and others from health reform disputes.

The Church of Scientology has been involved in court disputes in several countries.