American trade policy relied on high tariffs under the Republicans, and reciprocal trade agreements under the Democrats, but in any case exports were at very low levels in the 1930s.

All postwar Japanese governments have relied on a close relationship with the United States as the foundation of their foreign policy and have depended on the mutual security treaty for strategic protection.

However, as Plutarch implies, since naval power relied on the mass mobilisation of the common citizens ( thetes ) as rowers, such a policy put more power into the hands of average Athenians — and thus into Themistocles's own hands.

In the security engineering subspecialty of computer science, a trusted system is a system that is relied upon to a specified extent to enforce a specified security policy.

The experience of the Battle of the Somme led the German command to conclude that the policy of rigidly defending a statically fixed line was no longer effective and could not be relied upon as a defensive strategy.

These moves were significant because McNamara was abandoning President Dwight D. Eisenhower's policy of massive retaliation in favor of a flexible response strategy that relied on increased U. S. capacity to conduct limited, non-nuclear warfare.

In government, the party relied on public-private partnerships and private finance initiatives to raise funds and mitigate fears of a ' tax and spend ' policy or excessive borrowing.

Louis XIV had already won his personal glory by conquering new territory, but he was no longer willing to pursue an open-ended militarist policy of the kind he had undertaken in 1672, and instead relied upon France's clear military superiority to achieve specific strategic objectives along his borders.

He relied extensively on his Attorney General, John E. Brownlee, for counsel on policy and strategy.

During the campaign, Reagan relied on Jeane Kirkpatrick as his foreign policy adviser to identify Carter's vulnerabilities on foreign policy.

Marshall relied heavily on him to prepare policy recommendations.

Elite policy circles, gathered there from all the leading allied nations, collectively favored a regulated system of fixed exchange rates, indirectly disciplined by a US dollar tied to gold – a system that relied on a regulated market economy with tight controls on the value of currencies.

The Thatcher era was the high water mark for the think tank movement, and with the Institute of Economic Affairs ( IEA ) and the Centre for Policy Studies ( CPS ), the ASI was one of three relied upon by the Thatcher government for policy.

During his term in office, however, equalization payments increased from $ 1. 35 billion to $ 1. 58 billion, a failure that is attributable to global forces and Graham ’ s economic policy, which relied too heavily on the province ’ s potential as a regional and international energy hub.

Galt wrote that, despite Lincoln ’ s assurances, “ I cannot, however, divest my mind of the impression that the policy of the American Govt is so subject to popular impulses, that no assurance can be or ought to be relied on under present circumstances .” Lincoln ’ s annual message to Congress did not touch directly on the Trent affair but, relying on estimates from Secretary of War Simon Cameron that the U. S. could field a 3, 000, 000 man army, stated that he could “ show the world, that while engaged in quelling disturbances at home we are able to protect ourselves from abroad .”

Nevertheless, the reliance on soft law continues and it is unlikely that its use will fade ; it is far more likely to be relied on in greater amounts as it also serves as a " testing ground " for new, innovative ideas that policy formulations are still being worked out for in a world of rapid change and future upcoming contentious challenges such as climate change.

In practice the government has relied on automatic stabilizers and Federal Reserve policy for macroeconomic management, while the Council of Economic Advisers has focused primarily on microeconomic issues.

* Trusted system, a computerized system relied on to enforce a security policy

Hardly erudite in the arts of statecraft, he relied on his obsequious civilian aide, Mariano Donato Muñoz, especially when it came to foreign policy.

He claims that the emperors increasingly relied on the army as the sole source of their power, and therefore their economic policy was driven more and more by a desire to increase military funding in order to buy the army's loyalty.

SA First positioned itself as a pragmatic, centre-based political party which relied on policy initiatives drawn from the experience of its members and professionals.

Commentaries on Iran appearing in American foreign policy journals, such as Foreign Affairs and Foreign Policy Reports, or in leading journals such as Time magazine, frequently relied on Millspaugh ’ s accounts as a principal source.

The second involves something deeper, but its characteristic form focuses on a shift in policy for the community, not in the truth on which the community rests.

There the community, faced with the need to formulate policy on the level of absolute justice, can find the answer to its problem in the absolute truth which it holds as partially experienced.

Only when a concert of nations rests on the positive foundations of shared goals and values is it likely to form a viable instrument of long-range policy.

In the earlier sessions there was plentiful discussion on the natural law, which Dr. William V. O'Brien of Georgetown University, advanced as the basis for widely acceptable ethical judgments on foreign policy.

From this belief is derived the practical orientation of our policy on the `` uncommitted '' ( `` neutralist '', `` contested '' ) nations, especially on those whose leaders make the most noise -- Nehru, Tito, Nkrumah, Sukarno, Betancourt, etc..

One cannot but wonder whether these doubts about the success of Khrushchev's agricultural policy have not at least something to do with one of the big surprises provided by this Congress -- the obsessive harping on the crimes and misdeeds of the `` anti-party group '' -- Molotov, Malenkov, Kaganovich and others -- including the eighty-year-old Marshal Voroshilov.

But one cannot escape the suspicion that all this non-stop harping on the misdeeds of the long liquidated `` anti-party '' group would be totally unnecessary if there were not, inside the party, some secret but genuine opposition to Khrushchev on vital doctrinal grounds, on the actual methods to be employed in the `` transition to communism '' and, last but not least, on foreign policy.

In connection with our continuing development of new and more efficient mill machinery, a sounder U. S. income tax policy on depreciation of production equipment, enabling the mills to charge off the cost of new machines on a more realistic basis, could, if adopted, have favorable effects on Leesona's business in the next few years.

This program is based on the policy of designing and building efficient machines which will help produce better textile values -- fabrics whose cost in relation to quality, fashion and utility provide the consumer with better textile products for the money.

Such policy involves continuing effort to improve on existing mill equipment, in terms of efficiency and versatility.

Of course, individual financing arrangements depend a good deal on the purchaser's earning power, credit rating and local bank policy.

Many companies have systems, particularly in R & D, which work more or less well, depending upon size and actual belief in the policy on the part of administration, as will be abundantly apparent in subsequent quotations.

Foreign policy now takes on a different perspective and must become skilled not merely at response but also at projection.

The efforts of various interest groups to control or influence governmental decisions, particularly when taken in conjunction with the impact of industralization, led to a concentration of attention on the legislative power and the means whereby policy could be formulated and enforced as law through bureaucratic institutions.

On review the Supreme Court, via Mr. Justice Frankfurter, found southern racial problems `` a sensitive area of social policy on which the federal courts ought not to enter unless no alternative to adjudication is open ''.

The few cases of clear favoritism along social-class lines are as likely as not to involve representatives of the working class on the school board who favor some such practice as higher wages for janitors rather than pay increases for teachers, and such issues are not issues of educational policy.

Proceeding in this way up the table we extract the complete optimal policy and, if it is desired, we can check on Af by evaluating Af at the last stage.

In foreign policy, Abdülaziz turned to the Russian Empire for friendship, as turmoil in the Balkan provinces continued.

Between 1992 and 2008, the 1st, 2nd and 16th Jungle Infantry Brigades, the 3rd Infantry Battalion, the 19th Logistics Battalion, and the 22nd Army Police Platoon were transferred by the Army from the states of Rio de Janeiro and Rio Grande do Sul to the Amazon region in accordance with the friendship policy with Argentina.

The unification of the two parties was symbolic of the new friendship of German socialists in defeating their common enemy, however, Communists who made a majority had virtually total control over policy.

The Foreign Office had traditionally favoured a policy of friendship with China with an informal Sino-German alliance being created by the late 1920s.

Johan III ascended to the throne of Sweden and due to his friendship with Poland he began a policy against Muscovy.

His successor, John II ( 1481 – 1495 ) reverted to the policy of matrimonial alliances with Castile and friendship with England.

Edward meanwhile reversed Warwick's policy of friendship with France by marrying his sister Margaret to Charles the Bold, the Duke of Burgundy.

* King Remismund establishes a policy of friendship with the Visigoths and promotes the conversion of the Suebi into Arianism in Galicia ( Northern Spain ).

Thereafter Antigonus II's foreign policy is marked by friendship with the Seleucids.

The close friendship with the United States has been the lynchpin of Israeli foreign policy for decades.

It seems safe to assume, given their close friendship, and their close collaboration after 371 BC, that Epaminondas and Pelopidas also collaborated closely on Theban policy in the period 378 – 371 BC.

The friendship of Atkinson, the publisher, with Mackenzie King, the prime minister, was a major influence on the development of Canadian social policy.

The decision to convert may have had its roots in his friendship with the Jesuits, the Counter-Reformation policy of the Habsburgs which effectively barred Protestants from being appointed to higher offices at court, in Bohemia and in Moravia, and the impressions he gathered in Catholic Italy.

The origins of the Anti-Comintern Pact go back to the autumn of 1935, when various German officials both within and without the Foreign Ministry were attempting to balance the competing demands upon the Reichs foreign policy by its traditional alliance with China vs Hitler's desire for friendship with China's archenemy, Japan.

His friendship with the exiled Louis Napoleon helped lead to quick British acquiescence in the Prince-President's decision to restore the Empire in 1852, but did not prevent Malmesbury from pursuing a policy relatively sympathetic to Austria during the crisis leading up to the Italian War of 1859.

In 1816 the British defeated Gorkhas but maintained a policy of non-interference and friendship towards the Johar Bhotias.

With encouragement from George III, Rochford had embarked on a risky new policy of secret friendship with France, with the long-term goal of forming a defensive alliance of the maritime colonial powers as a counterbalance to the ‘ eastern powers ’.

Throughout his presidency, Houphouët-Boigny maintained a close relationship with France, a policy known as Françafrique, and he built a close friendship with Jacques Foccart, the chief adviser on African policy in the de Gaulle and Pompidou governments.

As a diplomat, he in some ways anticipated the views of Peter, count Griffenfeldt, supporting the policy of friendship with Sweden and a French alliance.

He became a leading land reform agitator as member of the original committee of the Irish National Land League, spearheading the policy of ” boycotting ” advocated by Michael Davitt with whom he was allied in close friendship.