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His reign length — as preserved in the damaged Turin King List — was disputed in the past with Jürgen von Beckerath reading the damaged figure on the papyrus fragment as only 13 years in his 1964 work Untersuchungen zur politischen Geschichte der zweiten Zwischenzeit in Ägypten, while both Alan Gardiner — in The Royal Canon of Turin ( 1959 )— and Kenneth Kitchen in his 1987 paper " The Basics of Egyptian Chronology in Relation to the Bronze Age at the ' High, Middle or Low '" University of Göteborg convention maintained that it was 23 years.
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reign and length
The sources also are inconsistent on the length of Ceawlin's reign.
A recent detailed study of the Regnal List dates the arrival of the West Saxons in England to 538, and favours seven years as the most likely length of Ceawlin's reign, with dates of 581 – 588 proposed.
By the end of his reign, Diocletian had secured the entire length of the Danube, provided it with forts, bridgeheads, highways, and walled towns, and sent fifteen or more legions to patrol the region ; an inscription at Sexaginta Prista on the Lower Danube extolled restored tranquilitas at the region.
Putting together the different dates in the Chronicle for birth, death, and length of reign, it appears that Æthelberht ’ s reign was thought to have been either 560 – 616, or 565 – 618, but that the surviving sources have confused the two traditions.
The extreme length of Æthelberht ’ s reign also has been regarded with skepticism by historians ; it has been suggested that he died in the fifty-sixth year of his life, rather than the fifty-sixth year of his reign.
* List of popes by length of reign
Today Egyptologists generally agree that Hatshepsut assumed the position of pharaoh and the length of her reign usually is given as twenty-two years, since she was assigned a reign of twenty-one years and nine months by the third-century BCE historian, Manetho, who had access to many historical records that now are lost.
After the hobbits ' return home and the Battle of Bywater, Sam travelled the length and breadth of the Shire replanting trees that had been cut down during Saruman's brief reign.
Determining the date and length of Eric's reign ( before and after his father's death ) is a challenging and perhaps impossible task based on the confused chronology of our late sources.
Unlike the descriptions of other Biblical Judges, the first reference to Shamgar has no introduction, conclusion, or reference to the length of reign, and the subsequent text follows on directly from the previous narrative.
" Therefore, Ay's reign length was 23 Years, 8 Months and 18 days.
During the reign of al-Ma ' mun, and together with Khālid ibn ʿAbd al ‐ Malik al ‐ Marwarrūdhī, he participated in an expedition to the Plain of Sinjar to measure the length of a degree, or the circumference of the Earth.
The length of his reign ( 18 months ) confirms that Constantine is the failed " non-king " intended.
They disagree on the length of his reign, variously reported to have lasted as few as 17 days and as many as 177 days ( about six months ).
Although a date of 600 BC would put it well outside of the dates traditionally ascribed to Tullus Hostilius ' reign, this is hardly a problem ; the absurdly long reigns of the Roman kings have never been taken seriously by scholars ( with an average length of 34 years per king, the traditional chronology would be without historical parallel-even the remarkably stable and healthy English monarchy has an average reign of only 21 years ).
The length of his reign is based on the various Pictish king lists, where he is associated with Talorgan son of Uuthoil.
The latter two disputed as to the division of the spoil, but at length Claverhouse obtained the lands of Dudhope and the Constabulary of Dundee, which procured him, in the following reign, the more honourable title by which history knows him.
His reign spanned only months in 1221, and he was not officially listed amongst the emperors until 1870 because of doubts caused by the length of his reign.
Over the length of the reign there were several different designs of obverse and reverse in use.
reign and —
Revolts broke out during the 9-year reign of his son, Rimush ( 2278 – 2270 BC ), who fought hard to retain the empire — and in the fifteen year reign of Rimush's elder brother, Manishtushu ( 2269 – 2255 BC ).
Alexios I Komnenos, Latinized as Alexius I Comnenus (, 1056 – 15 August 1118 — note that some sources list his date of birth as 1048 ), was Byzantine emperor from 1081 to 1118, and although he was not the founder of the Komnenian dynasty, it was during his reign that the Komnenos family came to full power.
The traditional theory holds that John the Apostle — considered to have written the Gospel and the epistles of John — was exiled on Patmos in the Aegean archipelago during the reign of Domitian, and there wrote Revelation.
Arnaldo Momigliano states that during the reign of Tiberius — which covers the peak of Claudius ' literary career — it became impolitic to speak of republican Rome.
The history of Caligula's reign is extremely problematic as only two sources contemporary with Caligula have survived — the works of Philo and Seneca.
Nevertheless, Domitian appears to have been very popular amongst the soldiers, spending an estimated three years of his reign among the army on campaigns — more than any emperor since Augustus — and raising their pay by one-third.
* The Marcus Didius Falco series of crime novels ( 1989 — ) by Lindsey Davis, set during the reign of Vespasian.
In the contest of wills between Hera and Zeus over whose candidate would be hero, fated to defeat the remaining creatures representing an old order and bring about the reign of the Twelve Olympians, Eurystheus was Hera's candidate and Heracles — though his name implies that at one archaic stage of myth-making he had carried " Hera's fame " — was the candidate of Zeus.
Temmu's reign brought many changes, such as: ( 1 ) a centralized war department was organized ; ( 2 ) the defenses of the Inner Country near the Capital were strengthened ; ( 3 ) forts and castles were built near Capital and in the western parts of Honshū — and in Kyushu ; ( 4 ) troops were reviewed ; and all provincial governors were ordered to complete the collection of arms and to study tactics.
His reign saw vital developments in legislature and government — in particular the evolution of the English parliament — as well as the ravages of the Black Death.
When the emperor Macrinus came to power, he suppressed the threat against his reign by the family of his assassinated predecessor, Caracalla, by exiling them — Julia Maesa, her two daughters, and her eldest grandson Elagabalus — to their estate at Emesa in Syria.
This conception of the reign of resurrected and translated saints with Christ on this earth during the millennium-popularly known as chiliasm — was the increasingly prevailing belief of this time.
The Ancient Library of Alexandria According to the earliest source of information, the pseudepigraphic Letter of Aristeas, the library was initially organized by Demetrius of Phaleron, a student of Aristotle, under the reign of Ptolemy I Soter ( ca. 367 BC — ca. 283 BC ).
The Liber Memorialis is an ancient book in Latin featuring an extremely concise summary — a kind of index — of universal history from earliest times to the reign of Trajan.
* September 1928 — A jirga at Paghman, called by King Amanullah, the third loya jirga of his reign ( 1919 – 1929 ) to discuss reforms.
Although Mao's stated goals of combating bureaucracy, encouraging popular participation, and stressing China's self-reliance are generally seen as laudable — and the rapid industrialization that began during Mao's reign is credited for laying a foundation for China's development in the late 20th century — the harsh methods he used to pursue them, including torture and executions, have been widely rebuked as being ruthless and self-defeating.
reign and preserved
The addresses and sermons of Eusebius are mostly lost, but some have been preserved, e. g., a sermon on the consecration of the church in Tyre and an address on the thirtieth anniversary of the reign of Constantine ( 336 ).
The Tridentine Calendar also had on 6 May a feast of " St John before the Latin Gate ", associated with a tradition recounted by Saint Jerome that St John was brought to Rome during the reign of the Emperor Domitian, and was thrown in a vat of boiling oil, from which he was miraculously preserved unharmed.
David Diringer noted that " the first mention of Egyptian documents written on leather goes back to the Fourth Dynasty ( c. 2550-2450 BCE ), but the earliest of such documents extant are: a fragmentary roll of leather of the Sixth Dynasty ( c. twenty-fourth century BCE ), unrolled by Dr. H. Ibscher, and preserved in the Cairo Museum ; a roll of the Twelfth Dynasty ( c. 1990-1777 BCE ) now in Berlin ; the mathematical text now in the British Museum ( MS. 10250 ); and a document of the reign of Ramses II ( early thirtheenth century BCE ).".
Megasthenes wrote detailed descriptions of India and Chandragupta's reign, which have been partly preserved to us through Diodorus Siculus.
Until 1960, another feast day which appeared in the General Roman Calendar is that of " St John Before the Latin Gate " on May 6, celebrating a tradition recounted by Jerome that St John was brought to Rome during the reign of the Emperor Domitian, and was thrown in a vat of boiling oil, from which he was miraculously preserved unharmed.
Until 1960, another feast day which appeared in the General Roman Calendar is that of " St John Before the Latin Gate " on May 6, celebrating a tradition recounted by Jerome that St John was brought to Rome during the reign of the Emperor Domitian, and was thrown in a vat of boiling oil, from which he was miraculously preserved unharmed.
However, the reassessment of James in the past two decades, as an able ruler who extended royal power in Scotland and preserved his kingdoms from war throughout his reign, has been accompanied by a re-evaluation of Anne as an influential political figure and assertive mother, at least for as long as the royal marriage remained a reality.
One bulla dating from his reign is still preserved, the obverse of which represents the Good Shepherd in the midst of His sheep, with the letters Alpha and Omega underneath, while the reverse bears the inscription: Deusdedit Papæ.
This shrine is also cited in the annals preserved on the Palermo Stone, and beginning from the reign of Menkaura, we know the names of the high priests of Memphis that seem to work in pairs at least until the reign of Teti.
It is preserved only as a copy in a 14th-century register of Gloucester, where it is followed by two charters listing the endowments made to the abbey until the reign of Burgred, king of Mercia ( 852-874 ).
Sancho's decision to name his son as count in Castile preserved its high degree of autonomy, although no Castilian document after 1028 is dated by the reign of Bermudo III nor is he ever named as king of León.
Berossus of Cos reported, in an account preserved by Syncellus, that it was from the reign of Nabû-nāṣir onward that the movements and duration of the stars were recorded.
George Syncellus preserved yet another set of figures for the predynastic " reign of the gods ", 11, 984 years for Gods and 2, 646 for demigods producing 14, 630 years, thus dating the creation to 17, 680 BC.
* Letters and papers, foreign and domestic, of the reign of Henry VIII: preserved in the Public Record Office, the British Museum and elsewhere, Volume 1 edited by John S. Brewer, Robert H. Brodie, James Gairdner.
* Letters and papers, foreign and domestic, of the reign of Henry VIII: preserved in the Public Record Office, the British Museum and elsewhere, Volume 1 edited by John S. Brewer, Robert H. Brodie, James Gairdner.
One of the shields was said to have fallen from heaven in the reign of King Numa, and eleven copies were made to protect the identity of the sacred shield, on the advice of the nymph Egeria, ' consort ' of Numa, who prophesied that wherever that shield was preserved the people would be the dominant people of the earth.
Shortly after the start of his reign, Wihtred issued a code of laws — the Law of Wihtred — that has been preserved in a manuscript known as the Textus Roffensis.
There was a late flowering during the reign of King Dinis I ( 1261 – 1325 ), a very learned man, whose output is the largest preserved ( 137 texts ).
Despite Ramesses IV's many endeavours for the gods and his prayer to Osiris — preserved on a Year 4 stela at Abydos — that " thou shalt give me the great age with a long reign my predecessor ", the king did not live long enough to accomplish his ambitious goals.
In a mid-January 2007 issue of the Egyptian weekly Al-Ahram, however, Egyptian antiquity officials announced that a recently discovered and well preserved quartz stela belonging to the High Priest of Amun Bakenkhunsu was explicitly dated to Year 4 of Setnakhte's reign.
Under the reign of Constantine the Great it was called Flavia Constans, as attested by a document preserved in the local Communal Palace.
The most famous relic from Shabaka's reign is the Shabaka stone which records several Old Kingdom documents that the king ordered preserved.
" Wilkinson notes that Years 1-10 of Djer's reign are preserved in register II of the Palermo Stone, while the middle years of this pharaoh's reign are recorded in register II of Cairo Fragment One.
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