Arnulf was, according to most sources, the illegitimate son of Carloman, King of Bavaria, and his concubine Liutswind, perhaps of Carantanian origin, and possibly the sister of Ernst, Count of the Bavarian Nordgau Margraviate in the area of the Upper Palatinate, or perhaps the burgrave of Passau, as some sources say.

* Ernst Ludwig Freud, architect, son of Sigmund Freud

He was the son of Swiss immigrant and Chicago Symphony Orchestra violinist Ernst Gygax.

Their first son, Gerd, died within a week of birth, 9 September 1916 ; their second, Ernst, was born on 16 November 1918, and was to remain close to his father for the rest of his life, up to and including a shared exile in London together.

On 2 January 1937 Schwitters, wanted for an ' interview ' with the Gestapo, fled Hanover for Norway to join his son Ernst, who had already left Germany on 26 December 1936.

Schwitters ' son, Ernst, largely entrusted the artistic estate of his father to Gilbert Lloyd, director of the Marlborough Gallery.

A son, Hermann Ernst Grassmann, became a professor of mathematics at the University of Giessen.

He was the son of Arnold von Siemens and wife Ellen von Helmholtz and paternal grandson of Ernst Werner von Siemens and first wife Mathilde Duman.

The castle was home to several notable figures during its time as a mental institution, including Ludwig Schumann, the second youngest son of the famous composer Robert Schumann and Ernst Baumgarten, one of the original inventors of the airship.

His father was Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, the second son of Ernst I, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha.

Their son, Daniel Ernst Jablonski ( 1660 – 1741 ), Comenius's grandson, later went to Berlin in 1693 ; there he became the highest official pastor at the court of King Frederick I of Prussia ( reigned 1701 – 1713 ).

His loyalty to King George V of Hanover ( son of Ernst August ) would not permit him to take the oath of allegiance to the victorious King William I of Prussia, and he was therefore placed on the retired list, though with the full amount of his salary as pension.

Born in Berlin, Freud was the son of a German Jewish mother, Lucie ( née Brasch ), and an Austrian Jewish father, Ernst L. Freud, an architect.

His son was the writer on Aryan origins Ernst von Bunsen.

In 1917 he transferred to the University of Bern ; there, he met Ernst Bloch, and Dora Sophie Pollak ( née Kellner ) ( 1890 – 1964 ), whom he later married, and they had a son, Stefan Rafael ( 1918 – 1972 ).

He married the singer Lucia Elisabeth Münchhausen ( 1728 – 1803 ) in 1755 and the Count stood as godfather to his son Wilhelm Friedrich Ernst Bach.

educated his son in music as his own father had, and Wilhelm Friedrich Ernst went on to become music director to Frederick William II of Prussia.

In 1912 he undertook to study trip to Italy and Balkans with Ernst Ludwig Freud ( son of Sigmund Freud ).

Kreuger was born in Kalmar, the eldest son of an industrialist in the match industry in Kalmar, Ernst August Kreuger ( 1852 – 1946 ) and his wife Jenny Emelie Kreuger ( 1856 – 1949 ) ( nee Forssman ).

* Ernst August III, Duke of Brunswick ( 1887 – 1953 ), eldest son of the last Crown Prince and son-in-law of German Emperor William II.

* Ernst August V, Prince of Hanover ( b 1954 ), eldest son of Ernest Augustus IV

:* His heir-apparent would be his elder son Prince Ernst August of Hanover ( b 1983 )

* Ernst Leopold Prinz von Sachsen-Coburg und Gotha ( 1935 – 1996 ), son of Johann Leopold

* Hubertus Prinz von Sachsen-Coburg und Gotha ( 1961 – present ), son of Ernst Leopold

Heinrich Abeken ( August 19, 1809, Osnabrück – August 8, 1872 ), German theologian and Prussian Privy Legation Councillor in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in Berlin, was born and raised in the city of Osnabrück as a son of a merchant, he was incited to a higher education by the example of his uncle Bernhard Rudolf Abeken.

According to a very common legend, Count Andrássy had a long lasting romance with Queen Elisabeth ( Sissy ), wife of Emperor and King Franz-Josef of Austria-Hungary, and fathered their only son, Archduke Rudolf.

In 1886 Crown Prince Rudolf of Austria, only son of Emperor Franz Joseph I of Austria and Empress Elisabeth of Bavaria and heir to the Austro-Hungarian crown, acquired the manor and transformed it into a hunting lodge.

Following the German takeover of Lwów in 1941 during Operation Barbarossa, all universities were closed and Banach, along with many colleagues and his son, was employed as lice feeder at Professor Rudolf Weigl's Typhus Research Institute.

* Georg Leopold von Reisswitz and his son Georg Heinrich Rudolf von Reisswitz-inventors of Kriegsspiel.

* January 18 – German King Albrecht I makes his son Rudolf King of Bohemia.

In 1323 Louis gave Brandenburg as a fiefdom to his eldest son Louis V. With the Treaty of Pavia the emperor returned the Palatinate to his nephews Rudolf and Rupert in 1329.

With the Treaty of Pavia in 1329, the emperor Louis IV, a son of Louis II, returned the Palatinate to his nephews Rudolf and Rupert.

He was succeeded by his eldest surviving son, Rudolf, who had been chosen king of the Romans in October 1575.

She lost her only son, Crown Prince Rudolf of Austria, when he committed murder-suicide in The Mayerling Incident of 1889.

Zapf went to the " Werkstatt Haus zum Fürsteneck ", a building run by Paul Koch, son of Rudolf Koch.

In 1299, the French proposed a marriage alliance between Philip IV of France's sister Blanche and Albert I of Germany's son Rudolf, with Alsace to be the dowry ; however, the deal never came off.

His domains were then ruled peacefully for the next 45 years, although Franz Joseph personally suffered the tragedies of the suicide of his son, the Crown Prince Rudolf in 1889, and the assassination of his wife, the Empress Elisabeth in 1898.

According to Rudolf Simek, Þrúðgelmir is identical to the six-headed son that was begotten by Aurgelmir's feet ( Vafþrúðnismál, ), but the fact that ( apart from the þulur ) he is mentioned in only one source led John Lindow to suggest that he might have been invented by the poet.

For many years before his death, Rudolf had tried to secure the election of his eldest son Albert ( Albrecht ) as his successor.

Following the suicide of her son Rudolf, she withdrew from public life.

Rudolf was now four years old, and Franz Joseph hoped for another son to safeguard the succession.

Photograph of the imperial hunting lodge at Mayerling, in which her son Crown Prince Rudolf committed suicide in 1889

In 1889, Elisabeth's life was shattered by the death of her only son, thirty-year-old Crown Prince Rudolf.

Empress Elisabeth's tomb next to that of her husband Franz Joseph in Vienna's Imperial Crypt, on the other side of Franz Josef's tomb is that of their son, Crown Prince Rudolf

In his 1978 ballet, Mayerling Kenneth MacMillan portrayed Elisabeth in a pas de deux with her son Prince Rudolf, the principal character in the ballet.

Born in 1866, Bloom is the only son of Rudolf Virág ( a Hungarian Jew from Szombathely who emigrated to Ireland, converted from Judaism to Protestantism, changed his name to Rudolph Bloom and later committed suicide ), and of Ellen Higgins, an Irish Protestant.

One of his schoolmates was Rudolf von Ribbentrop, the eldest son of the Nazi Foreign Minister Joachim von Ribbentrop.

The book was edited by his son, Johann Rudolf Wyss, a scholar who wrote the Swiss national anthem.