Ahmed II was born at Topkapı Palace, Constantinople, the son of Sultan Ibrahim I ( 1640 – 48 ) by Valide Sultan Khadija Muazzez, and succeeded his brother Suleiman II ( 1687 – 91 ) in 1691.

Ahmed III ( Ottoman Turkish: احمد ثالث Aḥmed-i < u > s </ u > āli < u > s </ u >) < span dir =" ltr ">( December 30 / 31, 1673 – July 1, 1736 )</ span > was Sultan of the Ottoman Empire and a son of Sultan Mehmed IV ( 1648 – 87 ).

He was the son of Sultan Mahmud II and succeeded his brother Abdülmecid I in 1861.

Ayub Shah was another son of Timur Shah, who deposed Sultan Ali Shah.

He was the son of Murad I and Valide Sultan Gülçiçek Hatun.

* ( m. 1381 )-Devlet Shah Hâtûn-Daughter of Yakub Shah of Germiyanids, Descendant of Rumi through his son Sultan Walad's daughter Mutahhara Hatun who was an ancestor of Yakub Shah ;

Beyazıt ) was the oldest son and successor of Mehmed II, ruling as Sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1481 to 1512.

Bayezid II was born in Dimetoka Palace ( now Didymoteicho ) in Thrace as the son of Mehmed II ( 1432 – 81 ) and Valide Sultan Mükrime Hatun, the daughter of Süleyman Bey, the sixth ruler of Dulkadirids, who died in 1492.

Hyder Ali and his son Tipu Sultan were the first to introduce modern Cannons and Muskets, their army was also the first in India to have official uniforms.

During the Second Anglo-Mysore War Hyder Ali and his son Tipu Sultan unleashed the Mysorean rockets at their British opponents effectively defeating them on various occasions.

The rule of Wodeyar dynasty which established the Kingdom of Mysore in southern India in around 1400 CE by was interrupted by Hyder Ali and his son Tipu Sultan in the later half of 18th century.

Mehmed the Conqueror, the Ottoman sultan living in the 15th century, European sources say “ who was known to have ambivalent sexual tastes, sent a eunuch to the house of Notaras, demanding that he supply his good looking fourteen year old son for the Sultan ’ s pleasure.

When he refused, the Sultan instantly ordered the decapitation of Notaras, together with that of his son and his son-in-law ; and their three heads … were placed on the banqueting table before him ”.

Jalāl ad-Dīn Muhammad Balkhī (), also known as Jalāl ad-Dīn Muhammad Rūmī (), and more popularly in the English-speaking world simply as Rumi ( 30 September 1207 – 17 December 1273 ), was a 13th-century after whose death in 1284 Rumi's younger and only surviving son, Sultan Walad ( died 1312 ), favorably known as author of the mystical Maṭnawī Rabābnāma, or the Book of the Rabab was installed as grand master of the order.

He proclaimed himself Sultan of Egypt and Syria, entrusting Damascus to al-Mu ' azzam and al-Jazira to his other son al-Kamil.

He was the son of Orhan I and the Valide Sultan Nilüfer Hatun and became the ruler following his father's death in 1361.

He was the son of Orhan I and the Valide Sultan Nilüfer Hatun ,( whose name means Water lily in Persian ) daughter of the Prince of Yarhisar or Byzantine princess Theodora Kantakouzene ( also named Nilüfer ), who was of ethnic Greek descent

* Sultan Bayezid I ( 1354 – 1402 )- son of Gulcicek Hatun

Murat ) was the Sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1421 to 1451 ( except for a period from 1444 to 1446 when his son Mehmed II reigned ).

Mustafa I Deli ( 1591 – January 20, 1639 ) (), son of Mehmed III, was the Sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1617 to 1618 and from 1622 to 1623.

Murad IV was born in Constantinople, the son of Sultan Ahmed I ( 1603 – 17 ) and the ethnic Greek Valide Sultan Kösem Sultan ( also known as Mahpeyker ), originally named Anastasia.

Mohammad Zahir Shah, Nadir Khan's 19-year-old son, succeeded to the throne and reigned from 1933 to 1973.

He was the son of Mohammed Nadir Shah, a senior member of the Barakzai royal family and commander in chief of the Afghan army under former king Amanullah Khan.

HRH Prince Mohammed Daoud ( also spelled Daud ) was born in Kabul, the eldest son of the diplomat HRH Prince Mohammed Aziz Khan ( 1877 – 1933 ) ( an older half-brother of King Mohammed Nadir Shah ).

* Founder of Cumhuriyet newspaper and key supporter of AtatürkYunus Nadi Abalıoğlu, and his son Nadir Nadi Abalıoğlu, from Fethiye.

Muhammad Shah had to marry his daughter Jahan Afruz Banu Begum to Nadir Shah's youngest son.

His fourth son, Nadir Mirza of Khorasan, became the prince of Khorasan.

Following the death of Yunus Nadi on March 28, 1945 in Geneva, Switzerland, Cumhuriyet was owned by his eldest son Nadir Nadi until his death on August 20, 1991.

Among those in his retinue were Nasrullah Khan, Habibullah's first son Inayatullah, and Habibullah's commander-in-chief Nadir Khan.

* 1921 – The British install the son of Sharif Hussein bin Ali ( leader of the Arab Revolt of 1916 against the Ottoman Empire ) as King Faisal I of Iraq.

He was succeeded by his eldest son Hasan Ali Shah, also known as Muhammad Hasan, who became the 46th Imam.

Hasan Ali Shah was succeeded as Imam by his eldest son Aqa Ali Shah, who became Aga Khan II.

Three years afterwards, under Yusuf's son and successor, Ali ibn Yusuf, Sintra and Santarém were added, and Iberia was again invaded in 1119 and 1121, but the tide had turned, the French having assisted the Aragonese to recover Zaragoza.

After Ali ibn Yusuf's death in 1143, his son Tashfin ibn Ali lost ground rapidly before the Almohads, and in 1146 he was killed by a fall from a precipice while attempting to escape after a defeat near Oran.

He was a younger son of Fath Ali Shah, but on account of his mother's royal birth was destined by his father to succeed him.

In 1834 his eldest son, Mohammed Mirza, succeeded Fath Ali Shah as the next king.

Before his death in Herat, on June 9, 1863, Dost Mohammad Khan had nominated as his successor Sher Ali Khan, his third son, passing over the two elder brothers, Afzal Khan and Azam Khan.

Ali Shah was another son of Timur Shah.

The Sunnis follow the Caliphates of all four, while the Shi ' ites recognize only the Caliphate of Ali and the short Caliphate of his son Hasan.

In wide ranging negotiations between the Fatimids and the Byzantine Empire in 1027-8 an agreement was reached whereby the new Caliph Ali az-Zahir ( Al-Hakim's son ) agreed to allowing the rebuilding and redecoration of the Church.

After Bahiyyih Khanum died in 1932, Shoghi Effendi's eldest sister -- Ruhangiz -- married a son of Siyyid Ali Afnan.

Evidences multiplying attesting Ruhi's increasing rebelliousness, efforts exerted my eldest sister pave way fourth alliance members family Siyyid Ali involving marriage his granddaughter with Ruha's son and personal contact recently established my own treacherous, despicable brother Riaz with Majdi'd-Din, redoubtable enemy Faith, former henchman Muhammad -' Ali, Archbreaker Bahá ' u ' lláh's Covenant.

This time the prince decided to remain in Lebanon and resist the offensive, but the death of his son Ali in Wadi al-Taym was the beginning of his defeat.

Having consolidated his conquests in Syria ( 1831 – 38 ), Ibrahim Pasha, son of the viceroy of Egypt, Muhammad Ali Pasha, made the fatal mistake of trying to disarm the Christians and Druzes of the Lebanon and to draft the latter into his army.

Sher Ali Khan, his third son, and proclaimed successor, failed to recapture Kabul from his older brother, Mohammad Afzal ( whose troops were led by his son, Abdur Rahman ) until 1868, after which Abdur Rahman retreated across the Amu Darya and bided his time.

After the peace treaty with Ali's son, Hassan ibn Ali, and the suppression of the revolt of the Kharijites, Muawiyah I proclaimed himself Caliph in 661 and began consolidating power.

Following the revolt, Muhammad Pasha, the son of Muhammad Ali, expelled nearly 10, 000 of the local peasants to Egypt, while bringing loyal Arab peasants from Egypt and discharged soldiers to settle the coastline of Palestine, northern Jordan Valley was settled by his Sudanese troops.