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His son and successor, Antiochus I Soter, was left with an enormous realm consisting of nearly all of the Asian portions of the Empire, but faced with Antigonus II Gonatas in Macedonia and Ptolemy II Philadelphus in Egypt, he proved unable to pick up where his father had left off in conquering the European portions of Alexander's empire.
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son and successor
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Grimwald, King of the Lombards ( 662 – 671 ), and his young son and successor Garibald ( 671 ), were the last Arian kings in Europe.
He acquired much favor with the Emperor Hadrian, who adopted him as his son and successor on 25 February 138, after the death of his first adopted son Lucius Aelius, on the condition that Antoninus would in turn adopt Marcus Annius Verus, the son of his wife's brother, and Lucius, son of Aelius Verus, who afterwards became the emperors Marcus Aurelius and Lucius Verus.
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He was the second son of King Sancho Ramírez and successor of his brother Peter I.
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son and Antiochus
Alexander Balas (), ruler of the Greek Seleucid kingdom in 150 – 146 BC, was a native of Smyrna of humble origin, but gave himself out to be the son of Antiochus IV Epiphanes and Laodice IV and heir to the Seleucid throne.
Antiochus I ( reigned 281 – 261 BC ) and his son and successor Antiochus II Theos ( reigned 261 – 246 BC ) were faced with challenges in the west, including repeated wars with Ptolemy II and a Celtic invasion of Asia Minor — distracting attention from holding the eastern portions of the Empire together.
By the time Antiochus II's son Seleucus II Callinicus came to the throne around 246 BC, the Seleucids seemed to be at a low ebb indeed.
A revival would begin when Seleucus II's younger son, Antiochus III the Great, took the throne in 223 BC.
Epiphanes ' young son, Antiochus V Eupator, was first overthrown by Seleucus IV's son, Demetrius I Soter in 161 BC.
While he ruled Babylonia and eastern Syria from Damascus, the remnants of Balas ' supporters — first supporting Balas ' son Antiochus VI, then the usurping general Diodotus Tryphon — held out in Antioch.
His successor was his son Antiochus I.
* 261 BC: Antiochus II Theos, 2nd son, at the death of his father becomes emperor of the Seleucid empire.
* Antiochus III the Great, younger son of Seleucus II Callinicus, the 6th ruler of the Seleucid Empire ( d. 187 BC )
The Macedonians, especially Seleucus I and his son Antiochus I ), established the Seleucid Empire and founded great many Greek towns.
* The pretender to the Seleucid throne, Alexander Balas, who claims to be the son of the late Antiochus IV, defeats the Seleucid king, Demetrius I Soter, in battle and kills him.
After resisting a siege of his capital Bactra ( Balkh ) by the Seleucids, Euthydemus obtains an honourable peace by which Antiochus promises Euthydemus ' son Demetrius the hand of one of his daughters.
* Through the peace treaty of Apamea ( in Phrygia ), the Romans force the Seleucid king, Antiochus III, to surrender all his Greek and Anatolian possessions as far east as the Taurus Mountains, to pay 15, 000 talents over a period of 12 years and to surrender to Rome the former Carthaginian general Hannibal, his elephants and his fleet, and furnish hostages, including the king's eldest son, Demetrius.
* Meanwhile, the birth of a son to Antiochus III and Laodice ( daughter of Mithridates II, king of Pontus ) leads Hermeias to consider getting rid of the king so that he can rule under the name of the infant son.
* The Seleucid king Demetrius I Soter's relations with Attalus II Philadelphus of Pergamum and Ptolemy VI Philometor of Egypt deteriorate to the point where they support a rival claimant to the Syrian throne, Alexander Balas, who claims to be the son of the former Seleucid king Antiochus IV Epiphanes and, therefore, a first cousin of Demetrius.
* With the aid of the Greek statesman and historian Polybius, the son of the former Seleucid king Seleucus IV Philopator, Demetrius escapes from Rome, where he has been held as a hostage for many years, and returns to Syria to claim the throne from his nephew Antiochus V. In the resulting dispute, Antiochus V and his regent, Lysias, are overthrown and put to death.
He is succeeded by his son Antiochus V Eupator who is only nine years old.
* King Seleucus IV of Syria arranges for the exchange of his brother Antiochus for Demetrius, the son of Seleucus VI, who has been a hostage in Rome following the Treaty of Apamea in 188 BC.
* Antiochus II leaves Berenice in order to live again with his former wife Laodice and his son Seleucus.
* Seleucid king Antiochus I's eldest son Seleucus, who has ruled in the east of the kingdom as viceroy for a number of years, is put to death by his father on the charge of rebellion.
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