Historically, based on the Western-inspired reforms of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, such policies have placed heavy emphasis on Turkey's relationship with the Western world, especially in relation to the United States, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization and the European Union.

Historically, there was also a route to Belfast via Stranraer over the WCML as far as Carlisle, and then connecting via the Castle Douglas and Dumfries Railway, however this route was closed in the 1960s as part of the Beeching Axe reforms.

Historically, most calendar reforms have been made in order to synchronize the calendar in use with the astronomical year ( either solar or sidereal ) and / or the synodic month in lunar or lunisolar calendars.

Historically the Bespopovtsy have received Nikonian priests that have publicly repented from the reforms of Patraich Nikon.

Historically, others have titled their appellate court a court of errors ( or court of errors and appeals ), on the premise that it was intended to correct errors made by lower courts.

Historically abscesses as well as boils and many other collections of pus have been treated via application of magnesium sulfate ( Epsom salt ) paste.

Historically, the size of farms and landed estates in the United Kingdom was usually expressed in acres ( or acres, roods, and perches ), even if the number of acres was so large that it might conveniently have been expressed in square miles.

Historically, many scholars have followed the Adoptionists ' Carolingian opponents in labeling Spanish Adoptionism as a minor revival of “ Nestorian ” Christology.

Historically, Latin or Romance languages have been the official languages in this region.

Historically, materials used in bicycles have followed a similar pattern as in aircraft, the goal being high strength and low weight.

Historically, the types and features of buses have developed according to local needs.

Historically, directors ' duties have been owed almost exclusively to the company and its members, and the board was expected to exercise its powers for the financial benefit of the company.

Historically, these claims — alongside those of well poisoning and host desecration — have been a major theme in European persecution of Jews.

Historically, the remedy for such violations have been petitions for common law writs, such as quo warranto.

Historically, memory has been called core, main memory, real storage or internal memory while storage devices have been referred to as secondary storage, external memory or auxiliary / peripheral storage.

Historically, bank reserves have formed only a small fraction of deposits, a system called fractional reserve banking.

Historically, some women have cross-dressed to take up male-dominated or male-exclusive professions, such as military service.

Historically, most states where the official religion is Buddhism have imposed capital punishment for some offenses.

Historically, different nations or regions of the world have gone through their own independent sequence of movements in culture, but as world communications have accelerated this geographical distinction has become less distinct.

Historically the British have been the dominant force, winning 14 times out of the 20 times the event has been held.

Historically, the international community would have targeted weak states for territorial absorption or colonial domination or, alternatively, such states would fragment into pieces small enough to be effectively administered and secured by a local power.

Historically, call centres have been built on PBX equipment that is owned and hosted by the call centre operator.

Historically, Jews have considered it of central importance: traditionally, children began their study of the Torah with Leviticus, and the midrashic literature on Leviticus is among the longest and most detailed of midrashic literature ( see Bamberger 1981: 737 ).

Historically, a great number of coinage metals ( including alloys ) and other materials ( e. g. Porcelain ) have been used practically, artistically, and experimentally in the production of coins for circulation, collection, and metal investment, where bullion coins often serve as more convenient stores of assured metal quantity and purity than other bullion.

Historically, Cervantes's work has been said to have “ smiled Spain ’ s chivalry away ”, suggesting that Don Quixote as a chivalric satire contributed to the demise of Spanish Chivalry.

Historically, lawyers in most European countries were addressed with the title of doctor, and countries outside of Europe have generally followed the practice of the European country which had policy influence through modernization or colonialization.

Historically, The Netherlands have their own specific academic degree nomenclature, but for many years now have recognised and implemented the Bologna declaration.

An alternate explanation of the red fox's gains involves the gray wolf: Historically, it has kept red fox numbers down, but as the wolf has been hunted to near extinction in much of its former range, the red fox population has grown larger, and it has taken over the niche of top predator.

Historically, civil defendants could be taken into custody under a writ of capias ad respondendum and be forced to post bail before being released.

Historically, kimonos were often taken apart for washing as separate panels and resewn by hand.

Historically, some cultures and religions accommodated, institutionalized, or revered, same-sex love and sexuality ; Several congregations have undertaken a series of organizational, procedural and practical steps to become acknowledged as a " Welcoming Congregation ": a congregation which has taken specific steps to welcome and integrate gay, lesbian, bisexual & transgender ( GLBT ) members.

Historically, the term terrorism was used to refer to actions taken by governments against their citizens whereas now it is more often perceived as targeting of civilians as part of a strategy directed against governments.

Historically, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan were also home to Bukharan Jews, who trace their ancestry to the Lost Tribes of Israel taken captive by the Babylonians in the 7th century BC, but almost no Bukharian Jews are left in Tajikistan.

Historically they have often taken the form of anagrams, Graecisms, and Latinisations, although there are many other methods of choosing a pseudonym

Historically, measures taken to mitigate these hazards were concerned with protecting the vehicle itself, but due to this achieving only limited protection the focus has now shifted to safeguarding the crew within from an ever-broadening range of threats, including Radio Controlled IEDs ( RCIEDs ), blast, fragmentation, heat stress and dehydration.

Historically, the language was first called Khaskura ( language of the khas ' rice farmers '), then Gorkhali or Gurkhali ( language of the Gurkha ) before the term Nepali was taken from Nepal Bhasa.

Historically the church has taken a strong stance for non-resistance or pacifism.

Historically, the Jewish Theological Seminary has taken the leadership role in the Conservative movement ( unlike the Reform movement, whose congregational organization has dominated its rabbinical school ).

( Historically, this is not the only approach taken by central banks.

Historically, the name Somers Town was used of the larger triangular area between the Pancras, Hampstead, and Euston Roads, but it is now taken to mean the rough rectangle bounded by Pancras Road, Euston Road, Eversholt Street, Crowndale Road, and the railway approaches to St Pancras Station ; that is to say, the area about 200 metres east and west of Chalton Street.

Historically, the prefixes Mc and M in Irish and Scottish surnames were taken to be abbreviations for Mac, and alphabetized as if they were spelled out as Mac in full.

Historically this species declined because of overhunting, but population recovery has taken place following enforcement of hunting regulations.

Historically, such views were intertwined with some of the most significant geopolitical events of the 20th century, including the rise and empowerment of the Third Reich ( Nazi Germany ), the rise of the Soviet Union ( USSR ) as a dominant superpower with control of large parts of Europe, and various treaties, alliances, and positions taken during and after World War II, and so on into the Cold War.

Historically they were hunted for their oil ; between 1870 and 1919 the government of Tasmania issuing licences for hunting them, with an average of 150, 000 penguins ( both Royal and King ) being taken each year.

Historically, the name has been fast growing amongst Han Chinese, and has also been taken up by various non-Chinese ethnic groups.

Historically, riots also took place, such as the action taken by the Luddites during the Industrial Revolution, and other machine-wrecking outbreaks.

Historically the monasteries had taken responsibility for the impotent poor, but after their dissolution in 1536-9, it passed to the parishes.

Historically, the term " capacitation " has evolved in meaning and this should be taken into account when consulting sources.

Historically, the first time fields were taken seriously was with Faraday's lines of force when describing the electric field.

Historically, Weardale's winters have been typically harsh and prolonged with regular snow, now taken advantage of by skiers using a ski run at Swinhope Head.

Historically, especially recorded during the colonial years and the 19th century in the American West, many tribes adopted young captives taken in war or raids to replace members who had died.