Holism ( from holos, a Greek word meaning all, whole, entire, total ), is the idea that natural systems ( physical, biological, chemical, social, economic, mental, linguistic, etc.

" Holism ," the doctrine that the whole is more than the sum of its parts, often used synonymously with organicism, or as a broader category under which organicism falls, has been coopted in recent decades by " holistic medicine " and by New Age Thought.

Holism in science, or Holistic science, is an approach to research that emphasizes the study of complex systems.

Holism in science is an approach to research that emphasizes the study of complex systems.

* Holism is the view that emphasizes higher-level processes, also called emergent properties: phenomena at a larger level that occur due to the pattern of interactions between the elements of a system over time.

Holism is the idea that all the properties of a given system ( biological, chemical, social, economic, mental, linguistic, etc.

Multidisciplinary working is often seen as revolutionary by skill-centred specialists but it is simply a fundamental expression of being guided by holism rather than reductionism, as described by Jan Smuts in his 1926 book Holism and Evolution.

According to his " empirio-monistic " principle ( 1899 ), he does not recognize differences between observation and perception and thus creates the beginning of a general empirical, trans-disciplinary science of physical organization, as an expedient unity and precursor of Systems Theory and Holism.

# Implementation of not just various different aspects of cognitive behavior but of cognition as a whole ( Holism, e. g. Unified theory of cognition ).

While in academia, Smuts pioneered the concept of holism, defined as " the tendency in nature to form wholes that are greater than the sum of the parts through creative evolution " in his 1926 book, Holism and Evolution.

* Harrington, A. Reenchanted Science: Holism in German Culture from Wilhelm II to Hitler.

Koestler said he adapted his neologism " holon " from the concept of holism, which was introduced by South African statesman Jan Smuts in his 1926 book, Holism and Evolution.

* Harrington, Anne: Reenchanted Science: Holism in German Culture from Wilhelm II to Hitler, Princeton University Press, 1999.

** " Holism and Nonseparability in Physics " -- Richard Healey.

It had very much in common with his philosophy of life as subsequently developed and embodied in his Holism and Evolution.

After Einstein studied " Holism and Evolution " soon upon its publication, he wrote that two mental constructs will direct human thinking in the next millennium, his own mental construct of relativity and Smuts ' of holism.

Holism has thus been used as a catchword.

The term holism was coined in 1926 by Jan Smuts, a South African statesman, in his book, Holism and Evolution.

* Jan C. Smuts, 1926 Holism and Evolution MacMillan, Compass / Viking Press 1961 reprint: ISBN 0-598-63750-8, Greenwood Press 1973 reprint: ISBN 0-8371-6556-3, Sierra Sunrise 1999 ( mildly edited ): ISBN 1-887263-14-4

* Fodor, Jerry, and Ernst Lepore, Holism: A Shopper's Guide Wiley.

Holism and Hermeneutics in The Review of Metaphysics.

* Ash, Mitchell G. Gestalt Psychology in German Culture, 1890 – 1967: Holism and the Quest for Objectivity.

" Holism and associationism in neuropsychology: an anatomical synthesis.

* Laurence W. Evans, Author of Nature's Holism that looks at holism through the coevolutionary process

See also Holism in science.

" Holism and the naturalization of consciousness " in Holism, Massimo Dell ' Utri.

The general acceptance of the idea of governmental ( i.e., societal ) responsibility for the economic well-being of the American people is surely one of the two most significant watersheds in American constitutional history.

The dweller at p is last to hear about a new cure, the slowest to announce to his neighbors his urgent distresses, the one who goes the farthest to trade, and the one with the greatest difficulty of all in putting over an idea or getting people to join him in a cooperative effort.

And it is clearly argued by Lord Percy of Newcastle, in his remarkable long essay, The Heresy Of Democracy, and in a more general way by Voegelin, in his New Science Of Politics, that this same Rousseauan idea, descending through European democracy, is the source of Marx's theory of the dictatorship of the proletariat.

As a Humanist, Dr. Huxley interests himself in the possibilities of human development, and one thing we can say about this suggestion, which comes from a leading zoologist, is that, so far as he is concerned, the scientific outlook places no rigid limitation upon the idea of future human evolution.

The idea here is one of discharge but this must stand in opposition to a second view, Plato's notion of the arousal of emotion.

A third idea is that artistic literature serves to reduce emotional conflicts, giving a sense of serenity and calm to individuals.

It is possible that the idea of enrichment of emotion is a fifth idea.

It is true that this distinction between style and idea often approaches the arbitrary since in the end we must admit that style and content frequently influence or interpenetrate one another and sometimes appear as expressions of the same insight.

At this point a working definition of idea is in order, although our first definition will have to be qualified somewhat as we proceed.

Outstanding among these is the idea of human nature itself, including the many definitions that have been advanced over the centuries ; ;

An idea, of the sort that we have in mind, although of necessity readily available to imagination, is more general in connotation than most poetic or literary images, especially those appearing in lyric poems that seek to capture a moment of personal experience.

Finally we may note that the idea appears in educational theory where its influence is at present widespread.

namely, is the idea that there were Saxon mercenaries in England at all reasonable??

And to do this requires first of all the kind of information about people which is provided by the scientists in industrial anthropology and consumer research, who, for example, tell Courtenay that three days is the `` optimum priming period for a closed social circuit to be triggered with a catalytic cue-phrase '' -- which means that an effective propaganda technique is to send an idea into circulation and then three days later reinforce or undermine it.

He mentions the beats only once '', when he refers to their having revived through mere power and abandonment and the unwillingness to, commit death in life some idea of a decent equivalent between verbal expression and actual experience,, but the entire narrative, is written in the tiresome vocabulary `` of '' that lost `` and '' dying cause, `` and in the '' `` sprung syntax that is supposed to supplant, our mother, tongue.

The trouble is that at first glance the idea looks like such a good one.

Although Mr. Brown was not himself its inventor ( it was a French idea ), it is typical that his intuition first conceived the importance of mass producing this basic tool for general use.