Following Horkheimer's taking up the directorship of the Institute, a new journal, Zeitschrift für Sozialforschung, was produced to publish the research of Institute members both before and after its relocation to the United States.

Horkheimer's Institute at the time was best known for the empirical work it encouraged, and several of Mannheim's doctoral students used its resources.

Although he was initially part of the School's inner circle, Jürgen Habermas is generally considered as the first to have diverged from Horkheimer's research program, thus giving rise to a new generation of critical theorists.

As the Nazi party became the largest party in the Reichstag Horkheimer's 1932 observation proved chillingly prophetic: " Only one thing is certain ," he wrote, " the irrationality of society has reached a point where only the gloomiest predications have any plausibility.

In particular, the latter's strong disdain for popular forms of art and literature — archetypically expressed in Adorno and Horkheimer's analysis of the culture industry — has been criticised as a proponent of monoglossia ; practitioners of cultural studies have used Bakhtin's conceptual framework to theorise the critical reappropriation of mass-produced entertainment forms by the public.

There have been two English translations: The first by John Cumming ( New York: Herder and Herder, 1972 ) and a more recent translation, based on the definitive text from Horkheimer's collected works, by Edmund Jephcott ( Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2002 ).

Impressed by Horkheimer's book of aphorisms, Dawn and Decline, Adorno began working on his own book of aphorisms, what would later become Minima Moralia.

The initial reaction has been to attribute all the new lines to Posidippus, though Franco Ferrari ( link ) suggests that there is evidence the manuscript is an anthology, in which Posidippus ' epigrams predominated.

But in reaction to what he thought was far too late a dating for the manuscript, Colin Roberts published the manuscript and gave it a dating of ca.

She was the opposite of everything she should have been -- a positive pole in a negative home, a living reaction of warmth and kindness to the harsh reality of her father.

Almost inevitably, the first result of this technological revolution was a reaction against the methods and in many cases the conclusions of the Oxford school of Stubbs, Freeman and ( particularly ) Green regarding the nature of the Anglo-Saxon conquest of Britain.

Even before the century was out the tide of reaction had set in.

The reaction of certain City Council members to California's newest anti-secrecy laws was as dismaying as it was disappointing.

Argon was used as a blowing gas to exclude any effects of dissociation or chemical reaction.

Despite extensive attempts to obtain highly pure reagents, serious difficulty was experienced in obtaining reproducible rates of reaction.

The required amount of carbon tetrachloride was distilled into a series of reaction cells on a manifold on a vacuum line.

The contents of the manifold for liquid phase experiments were then mixed by shaking, redistributed to the reaction tubes, frozen down, and each tube was then sealed off.

The light was filtered by the soft glass window of the thermostat thus ensuring that only light absorbed by the chlorine and not by the carbon tetrachloride could enter the reaction cell.

In the liquid phase runs the amount of carbon tetrachloride in each reaction tube was determined by weighing the tube before opening and weighing the fragments after emptying.

Following observation of the fact that the reaction rates of supposedly identical reaction mixtures prepared on the same filling manifold and exposed under identical conditions often differed by several hundred per cent, a systematic series of experiments was undertaken to see whether the difficulty could be ascribed to the method of preparing the chlorine, to the effects of oxygen or moisture or to the effect of surface to volume ratio in the reaction tubes.

No detectable reaction was found at room temperature for reaction mixtures allowed to stand up to 5 hours.

The improvement was most noticeable in the greater consistency among reaction cells prepared as a group on the same manifold.

By comparing reaction cells sealed from the same manifold temperature dependency corresponding to activation energies ranging from 11 to 18 Af was observed while dependence on the first power of the light intensity seemed to be indicated in most cases.

It was possible to make estimates of the quantum yield by observing the extent of reduction of a uranyl oxalate actinometer solution illuminated for a known time in a typical reaction cell and making appropriate conversions based on the differences in the absorption spectra of uranyl oxalate and of chlorine, and considering the spectral distribution of the light source.

-- Although there was some variation in results which must be attributed either to trace impurities or to variation in wall effects, the photochemical exchange in the gas phase was sufficiently reproducible so that it seemed meaningful to compare the reaction rates in different series of reaction tubes for the purpose of obtaining information on the effect of chlorine concentration and of carbon tetrachloride concentration on the reaction rate.

In reaction, some writers tried either to resurrect older English words deliberately ( gleeman for musician, sicker for certainly, inwit for conscience, yblent for confused ) or to create wholly new words from Germanic roots ( endsay for conclusion, yeartide for anniversary, foresayer for prophet ).

Underground ( and Alternative ) Comics or Comix were born both out of the general 1960s counter-culture, and as a part reaction to the Comics code-induced censorship of all mainstream comics inspired by the hysteria surrounding Dr Wertham's seminal book Seduction of the Innocent ( 1954 ), which was interpreted as labelling comics partially or wholly responsible for juvenile delinquency:

( 3 ) in a state of depression, the positive conditioned stimulus may fail to elicit a conditioned reaction but cause an increased synchrony instead of the excitatory desynchronizing ( alerting ) effect on the Aj.

The unhealthy use of denial in the initial reaction to a stress must be handled through the medium of a positive controlled transference.

Only 27% ( 11 subjects ) gave a positive Kohnstamm reaction when completely naive concerning the phenomenon.

There were 49% ( 20 subjects ) who did not give a positive reaction even after they were informed of the normalcy of such a reaction and had been given a demonstration.

There were 24% ( 10 subjects ) who shifted from a negative to a positive reaction after they were reassured as to the normalcy of the Kohnstamm-positive reaction.

This subject, who has been undergoing psychoanalytic psychotherapy for five years, did not give a positive Kohnstamm reaction under any of the four standardized conditions used in this experiment while sober.

Someone with a positive tuberculin reaction is not given BCG, because the risk of severe local inflammation and scarring is high, not because of the common misconception that tuberculin reactors " are already immune " and therefore do not need BCG.

According to Brønsted – Lowry acid-base theory, acids are substances that donate a positive hydrogen ion to another substance in a chemical reaction ; by extension, a base is the substance which receives that hydrogen ion.

Catalysts that speed the reaction are called positive catalysts.

At low pressure, there was enough space between the gas atoms that the ions could accelerate to high enough speeds that when they struck another atom they knocked electrons off of it, creating more positive ions and free electrons in a chain reaction.

In a chain reaction, positive feedback leads to a self-amplifying chain of events.

In 1963 Friedman and Schwartz proposed a positive feedback loop as a mechanism for catastrophic failures in economics: “ It happens that a liquidity crisis in a unit fractional reserve banking system is precisely the kind of event that trigger-and often has triggered-a chain reaction.

The game was not initially reviewed often, but given mediocre critical praise and positive gamer reaction.

An explosion is a type of spontaneous chemical reaction that, once initiated, is driven by both a large exothermic change ( great release of heat ) and a large positive entropy change ( great quantities of gases are released ) in going from reactants to products, thereby constituting a thermodynamically favorable process in addition to one that propagates very rapidly.

If ΔH is positive, the reaction is endothermic, that is heat is absorbed by the system due to the products of the reaction having a greater enthalpy than the reactants.

In the half-cell which is undergoing oxidation, the closer the equilibrium lies to the ion / atom with the more positive oxidation state the more potential this reaction will provide.

# Reverse the reduction reaction with the smallest potential ( to create an oxidation reaction / overall positive cell potential )

Recent years saw a resurgence in the early positive punk and deathrock sound, in reaction to aggrotech, industrial, and synthpop, which had taken over many goth clubs, bands with an earlier goth sound are becoming popular.

The reaction to his work in his day was mostly positive.

The concept of Karma in Jainism is basically a reaction due to the attachment or aversion with which an activity ( both positive and negative ) is executed in thought, verbal, and physical sense.