However, the surface temperature gradient can produce erroneous vapor-pressure measurements for the bulk liquid helium unless precautions are taken to isolate the tube ( which passes through the surface to the vapor pressure bulb ) from the liquid helium surface.

However, with proper modifications, it can be utilized to analyze liquid samples as well as nonconducting materials by mixing them with a conductor ( e. g. graphite ).

However, because of the relatively small diffusion rates in solids, the corresponding chemical reactions are very slow in comparison to liquid and gas phase reactions.

However, this equation becomes increasingly inaccurate at higher pressures and lower temperatures, and fails to predict condensation from a gas to a liquid.

However, skating is possible at temperatures much lower than − 20 ° C, at which temperature there is no naturally occurring film of liquid.

However, because dyes are dissolved in the liquid phase, they have a tendency to soak into paper, making the ink less efficient and potentially allowing the ink to bleed at the edges of an image.

However, liquid crystals were not popular among scientists and the material remained a pure scientific curiosity for about 80 years.

However some techniques, such as the use of boundaries or an applied electric field, can be used to enforce a single ordered domain in a macroscopic liquid crystal sample.

However, some liquid crystals are biaxial nematics, meaning that in addition to orienting their long axis, they also orient along a secondary axis.

However, liquid lubricants are much more effective on account of their high specific heat capacity.

However, aneroid gauges can be used to measure the pressure of a liquid as well as a gas, and they are not the only type of gauge that can operate without fluid.

However, in an underground oil reservoir the proportions of gas, liquid, and solid depend on subsurface conditions and on the phase diagram of the petroleum mixture.

However, there were several innovative games, including Pipe Dream ( also known as " Pipe Mania "), a 1989 release that challenged players to create an unbroken chain of pipes to divert a toxic liquid.

However, small clusters do not exhibit sharp first order phase transitions such as melting, and at the boundary it is not possible to completely categorize the cluster as a liquid or solid, since these concepts are ( without extra definitions ) only applicable to macroscopic systems.

However, like certain other insects that survive on dilute, purely liquid diets, notably many of the Homoptera, many adult mosquitoes must excrete unwanted aqueous fractions even as they feed.

However, the dive has taken too long for Bud to return to the top of the trench before the oxygen in the liquid runs out.

However if the ICP-MS is to be used routinely and is on and running for eight or more hours each day for several days a week, then going with liquid argon will be the most suitable.

However, after the initial rush, these naturally occurring imperfections are typically too small to consistently act as nucleation points as the surface tension of the liquid smoothes out these minute irregularities.

However, at lower temperatures or a higher density, a real fluid deviates strongly from the behavior of an ideal gas, particularly as it condenses from a gas into a liquid or solid.

However, for a simple dishwasher with only a single impeller in the base of the unit, glasses and other deep containers both need direct exposure to the jet, and will block liquid from reaching objects behind them.

For this reason, the liquid is called the “ elixir of the gods .” However, it is not certain whether the native peoples of Mexico had any distilled liquors prior to the Spanish Conquest.

" However he appears not to distinguish between the lubrication of the perineum during arousal and an orgasmic ejaculate when he refers to liquid " which in libidinous women often rushes out at the mere sight of a handsome man.

However, the use of liquid CO < sub > 2 </ sub > caused damage to sensitive components inside the marker, and was phased out in favor of compressed air.

However, if the warm layer completely melts the precipitate, becoming rain, the liquid droplets will continue to fall, and pass through a thin layer of cold air just above the surface.

However, the possible absence of a center of symmetry not only moves the hydrogen atom off Af, but also allows the oxygen atoms to become nonequivalent, with Af at Af and Af at Af ( space group Af ), where Af represents the oxygens on one side of the Af layers and Af those on the other side.

However, in hydrogen astatide ( HAt ) the negative charge is predicted to be on the hydrogen atom, implying that this compound should instead be referred to as astatine hydride.

However, the hydrogen-1 atom has no neutrons and a positive hydrogen ion has no electrons.

However, it reacts with molten metals, hydrogen, halogens, chalcogens and pnictogens to form various binary compounds.

However, the law of mass action is valid only for concerted one-step reactions that proceed through a single transition state and is not valid in general because rate equations do not, in general, follow the stoichiometry of the reaction as Guldberg and Waage had proposed ( see, for example, nucleophilic aliphatic substitution by S < sub > N </ sub > 1 or reaction of hydrogen and bromine to form hydrogen bromide ).

However, the material can sometimes be treated to substitute deuterium for hydrogen.

However, gas chromatography testing in 1984 revealed that sulfur-containing compounds, such as methanethiol, hydrogen sulfide ( rotten egg smell ) and dimethyl sulfide, were also < ref >

However, since hydrogen is necessary for the reactions listed above, the fuel selected must contain hydrogen atoms.

However, synthetic soluble germanium salts are nephrotoxic, and synthetic chemically reactive germanium compounds with halogens and hydrogen are irritants and toxins.

However, this is a specific property of hydrogen and is no longer true for more complicated atoms which have a ( effective ) potential differing from the form 1 / r ( due to the presence of the inner electrons shielding the nucleus potential ).

However, the energy density of hydrogen is considerably higher than that of electric batteries, making it a serious contender as an energy carrier to replace fossil fuels.

However, many of the physical properties of water and ice are controlled by the formation of hydrogen bonds between adjacent oxygen and hydrogen atoms.

However, the atmosphere was found to be in a stable condition close to its chemical equilibrium, with very little oxygen, methane, or hydrogen, but with an overwhelming abundance of carbon dioxide.

However, later archival work by the Soviet physicist German Goncharov has suggested that while Fuchs ' early work ( most of which is still classified in the United States, but copies of which were available to the Soviets ) did not aid the Soviets in their effort towards the hydrogen bomb, it was actually far closer to the final correct solution than was recognized at the time, and indeed spurred Soviet research into useful problems which eventually resulted in the correct answer.

However, the exact mass of hydrogen-1 ( the most common hydrogen isotope ) is 1. 00783, and the exact mass of oxygen-16 ( the most common oxygen isotope ) is 15. 9949, so the mass of the most common molecule of water is 18. 01056 u.

However, the activation energy can be lowered ( and the isomerization catalyzed ) by changes that favor the single-bonded form, such as placing the peptide group in a hydrophobic environment or donating a hydrogen bond to the nitrogen atom of an X-Pro peptide group.

However, it is possible to measure the concentration of hydrogen ions directly, if the electrode is calibrated in terms of hydrogen ion concentrations.

However, hydrogen also has these disadvantages:

However, the binding energy is much smaller and the particle's size much larger than a hydrogen atom.

However, because of the reduced mass, the frequencies associated with the spectral lines are less than half of those of the corresponding hydrogen lines.