[permalink] [id link]
However, in the case of photons, power and information transfer by virtual particles is a relatively short-range phenomenon ( existing only within a few wavelengths of the field-disturbance, which carries information or transferred power ), as for example seen in the characteristically short range of inductive and capacitative effects in the near field zone of coils and antennas.
from
Wikipedia
Some Related Sentences
However and case
However, in this case as elsewhere it was necessary to arrive at a single standard to be applied to all situations, representing an averaging of conditions, and thus to fix particular points in time which would be considered the dividing points between daytime and nighttime conditions.
However, in this case the district manager was led to see the errors of his ways.
However implausible this is, it is certainly the case that Aristotle's rigid separation of action from production, and his justification of the subservience of slaves and others to the virtue – or arete – of a few justified the ideal of aristocracy.
However, certain critical interlocutory court orders, such as the denial of a request for an interim injunction, or an order holding a person in contempt of court, can be appealed immediately although the case may otherwise not have been fully disposed of.
However, that particular case is a theorem of Zermelo – Fraenkel set theory without the axiom of choice ( ZF ); it is easily proved by mathematical induction.
However, to make a working computer, users still had to add a case, power supply transformers, power switch, ASCII keyboard, and composite video display.
However, although Apollonius came close to developing analytic geometry, he did not manage to do so since he did not take into account negative magnitudes and in every case the coordinate system was superimposed upon a given curve a posteriori instead of a priori.
However, in drafting opinions, the Chief Justice enjoys additional influence in case disposition if in the majority through his power to assign who writes the opinion.
However, this is not necessarily the case.
However, this is not the case all the time.
However, in the case of a creditor's petition, the Statement of Affairs will rarely be filed on the same day the court order is made.
However, Edwards states that more of the changes suggested by High Anglicans were implemented ( though by no means all ) and Spurr comments that ( except in the case of the Ordinal ) the suggestions of the ' Laudians ' ( Cosin and Matthew Wren ) were not taken up possibly due to the influence of moderates like Sanderson and Reynolds.
" However, held the Cadillac court, " one who manufactures articles dangerous only if defectively made, or installed, e. g., tables, chairs, pictures or mirrors hung on the walls, carriages, automobiles, and so on, is not liable to third parties for injuries caused by them, except in case of willful injury or fraud ,"
However, research using an artificial gut has shown that in the specific case of carotenoids a greater proportion is absorbed from cooked vegetables than from raw vegetables.
However, throughout history there have been exceptions, with Mutt and Jeff being an early ( if not the earliest ) case in which the creator owned his works.
However, this need not be the case.
However, as is often the case with the interpretation of scripture, there is dispute on this matter.
However, if they showed treasonous inclinations, the Emperor did punish them with just force, as in the case of Polybius and Pallas ' brother, Felix.
" However, in the case of the so-called Nilo-Hamitic languages ( a concept he introduced ), it was based on the typological feature of gender and a " fallacious theory of language mixture.
However, Constantius ' actions in this regard may not have been so much to do with Jewish religion as Jewish business ; apparently, it was often the case that privately owned Jewish businesses were in competition with state-owned businesses.
However, during 2006-8, several reviews of case reports and pilot studies have failed to confirm this effect, collectively indicating no statistically significant interaction between daily consumption of 250 mL cranberry juice and warfarin in the general population.
) However, this has generally not been the case throughout the rest of history for circulation coins made of precious metals.
However, because fiat money is backed by government guarantee of a certain amount of goods and services, where the value of this is in turn determined by free market currency exchange rates, similar to the case for the international market exchange values which determines the value of metals which back commodity money, in practice there is very little economic difference between the two types of money ( types of currencies ).
However, it should be noted that any individual, even a healthy adult in middle age, can experience a severe case, and each person's case should be measured by the loss of fluids, preferably in consultation with a doctor or other health worker.
However and photons
However, other neutral particles are their own antiparticles, such as photons, the hypothetical gravitons, and some WIMPs.
However, on the screen, the light is always found to be absorbed as though it were composed of discrete particles or photons.
However, when the absorbed electromagnetic radiation is intense, it is possible for one electron to absorb two photons ; this two-photon absorption can lead to emission of radiation having a shorter wavelength than the absorbed radiation.
However, in all these cases, photons continue to propagate at the expected speed of light in the medium.
However, even if photons have enough energy they usually do not have enough momentum to set the ripple in motion.
However, some photons cause stimulated emission in excited-state atoms, releasing another coherent photon.
However, X-rays are composed of photons, and thus are not only waves of electromagnetic radiation but also exhibit particle-like properties.
However, considering the mass of the source of the photons, e. g., atoms undergoing nuclear fission, brings the specific impulse down to 300 km / s ( c / 1000 ) or less ; considering the infrastructure for a reactor ( some of which also scales with the amount of fuel ) reduces the value further.
However, a diffraction grating can be made out of this mirror, by scraping away areas near the edge of the mirror that usually cancel nearby amplitudes out — but now, since the photons would not reflect from the scraped-off portions, the probability amplitudes which would all wind up pointing, for instance, at forty-five degrees can have a sizable sum.
However, if the laser brightness is reduced until only a handful of photons hit the wall every second, the relative fluctuations in number of photons, i. e., brightness, will be significant, just as when tossing a coin a few times.
However, it is not the absolute value of the energy level, but the difference between them, which produces the observed frequencies, due to electronic transitions within the atom emitting / absorbing photons of light.
However, since it is a consistent method, a correct solution can be achieved by increasing the number of photons.
However, the Fermi-LAT experiment in 2009 measured a 31-GeV photon, which nearly simultaneously arrived with other photons from the same burst, which excluded such dispersion effects even above the Planck energy.
However, most of the energy is associated with photons of longer wavelengths ; these do not help a person see, but still transfer heat to the environment, as can be deduced empirically by observing a household incandescent light bulb.
However these are not the only ways to express the law ; expressing it in terms of wavenumber rather than frequency or wavelength is also common, as are expression in terms of the number of photons emitted at a certain wavelength, rather than energy emitted.
However the release of energy visible to the human eye, commonly referred to as visible light, spans the wavelengths approximately 380 nm to 760 nm, depending on the individual, and photons in this range usually accompany a change in atomic or molecular orbital quantum state.
However, difficulties arise when effects of the electromagnetic field are considered, because a positive-energy electron would be able to shed energy by continuously emitting photons, a process that could continue without limit as the electron descends into lower and lower energy states.
However, Robert Oppenheimer pointed out that an electron and its hole would be able to annihilate each other, releasing energy on the order of the electron's rest energy in the form of energetic photons ; if holes were protons, stable atoms would not exist.
However, in absorbing photons, the dust acquires added mass via mass-energy equivalence.
However, in the frame of the Solar System ( b ), the emission is beamed anisotropically, and hence the photons carry away angular momentum from the dust grain.
However, a small fraction of the scattered photons ( approximately 1 in 10 million ) are scattered by an excitation, with the scattered photons having a frequency different from, and usually lower than, that of the incident photons.
0.652 seconds.