The following year, The Guardian challenged the succession law in court, claiming that it violated the European Convention on Human Rights, which provides " The enjoyment of the rights and freedoms set forth in this Convention shall be secured without discrimination on any ground such as sex, race, colour, language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, association with a national minority, property, birth or other status.

Category: Human rights abuses

* Human rights abuses in Azad Kashmir

* Human rights in Chile

* Human rights in Cuba

Category: Human rights

Human rights or civil liberties form a crucial part of a country's constitution and govern the rights of the individual against the state.

It alleged that Americas Watch gave too much credence to alleged Contra abuses and systematically tried to discredit Nicaraguan human rights groups such as the Permanent Commission on Human Rights, which blamed the major human rights abuses on the Sandinistas.

Human Rights Watch, the umbrella organization of Americas Watch, replied to these allegations: " Almost invariably, U. S. pronouncements on human rights exaggerated and distorted the real human rights violations of the Sandinista regime, and exculpated those of the U. S .- supported insurgents, known as the contras ....

Category: Human rights

Category: Human rights in France

Category: Human rights abuses

Category: Human rights abuses

Although President Obiang signed a national anti-torture decree in 2006 to ban all forms of abuse and improper treatment in Equatorial Guinea and commissioned the renovation and modernization of Black Beach prison in 2007 to ensure the humane treatment of prisoners, human rights abuses continue. Human Rights Watch and Amnesty International among other non-governmental organizations have documented severe human rights abuses in prisons, including torture, beatings, unexplained deaths and illegal detention.

Human rights organisations have raised concerns over the well-being of some of these prisoners.

The European Convention on Human Rights ( ECHR ) ( formally the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms ) is an international treaty to protect human rights and fundamental freedoms in Europe.

First, in the aftermath of the Second World War, the convention, drawing on the inspiration of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights can be seen as part of a wider response of the Allied Powers in delivering a human rights agenda through which it was believed that the most serious human rights violations which had occurred during the Second World War ( most notably, the Holocaust ) could be avoided in the future.

With his help, French former minister and Resistance fighter Pierre-Henri Teitgen submitted a report to the Assembly proposing a list of rights to be protected, selecting a number from the Universal Declaration of Human Rights just agreed to in New York, and defining how the enforcing judicial mechanism might operate.

Indeed, these Four Freedoms were explicitly incorporated into the preamble to the Universal Declaration of Human Rights which reads, " Whereas disregard and contempt for human rights have resulted in barbarous acts which have outraged the conscience of mankind, and the advent of a world in which human beings shall enjoy freedom of speech and belief and freedom from fear and want has been proclaimed the highest aspiration of the common people ,...."

Human activity has included some mining and nuclear weapons testing while today the desert is inhabited by different groups of Indigenous Australians including the Kogara, the Mirning and the Pitjantjatjara.

Human rights groups have questioned the awarding in 2010 of the right to host the competition, due to the possibility that gay football fans may be jailed.

Human rights groups condemned the actions, but U. S. President Gerald Ford refused to break the U. S. alliance with Somoza.

# Planning, preparing and servicing sessions / meetings of the Human Rights Council, the Subcommission on Prevention of Discrimination and Protection of Minorities and related working groups and of the committees established by human rights treaty bodies and their working groups ;

# Providing substantive and administrative support to human rights fact-finding and investigatory mechanisms, such as special rapporteurs, representatives and experts and working groups mandated by the Commission on Human Rights and / or the Economic and Social Council to deal with specific country situations or phenomena of human rights violations worldwide, as well as the General Assembly's Special Committee to Investigate Israeli Practices Affecting the Human Rights of the Palestinian People and Other Arabs of the Occupied Territories ;

New Wave became a catch-all term, encompassing disparate styles such as 2 Tone ska, the mod revival inspired by The Jam, the sophisticated pop-rock of Elvis Costello and XTC, the New Romantic phenomenon typified by Ultravox, synthpop groups like Tubeway Army ( which had started out as a straight-ahead punk band ) and Human League, and the sui generis subversions of Devo, who had gone " beyond punk before punk even properly existed ".

Human blood groups are an example.

Human habitation of the Qatar Peninsula dates as far back as 50, 000 years back, when small groups of Stone Age inhabitants built coastal encampments, settlements, and sites for working flint, according to archaeological evidences.

FARC has been accused of committing violations of human rights by numerous groups, including the Colombian government, U. S. government, European Union, Human Rights Watch, Amnesty International, and United Nations.

A February 2005 report from the United Nations ' High Commissioner for Human Rights mentioned that, during 2004, " FARC-EP continued to commit grave breaches human rights such as murders of protected persons, torture and hostage-taking, which affected many civilians, including women, returnees, boys and girls, and ethnic groups.

In 2001, Human Rights Watch ( HRW ) denounced that the FARC-EP had abducted and executed civilians accused of supporting paramilitary groups in the demilitarized zone and elsewhere, without providing any legal defense mechanisms to the suspects and generally refusing to give any information to relatives of the victims.

The 2009 Human Rights Report by the United States Department of State noted serious concerns over human rights violations by the government and militia groups.

These arrests were protested by groups including Human Rights Watch, Front Line, and Amnesty International, the latter of whom named him a " prisoner of conscience.

" The Inter-American Commission on Human Rights states that: " Although it is true that much of the friction between the Government and the churches arises from positions that are directly or indirectly linked to the political situation of the country, it is also true that statements by high government officials, official press statements, and the actions of groups under the control of the Government have gone beyond the limits within which political discussions should take place and have become obstacles to certain specifically religious activities.

; Human rights groups

Human mutualism however is also thought to be or originate from an evolutionary survival instinct, to work in groups safely and achieve multiple tasks efficiently as a community.

The ESHRE ( European Society for Human Reproduction and Embriology ) guidelines recommend that patient self-help groups can provide invaluable counseling, support and advice.

The 2008 United Nations Human Rights Council Special Rapporteur's Report noted that community representatives and non-governmental organizations devoted to human rights had pointed out that neo-Nazi groups were active in Estonia — particularly in Tartu — and had perpetrated acts of violence against non-European minorities.

He was active in international Parliamentary groups, including serving as Rapporteur and Chair of the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe Parliamentary Assembly Human Rights and Development Committee.

Human rights groups report that Falun Gong practitioners in China are subject to a wide range of human rights abuses ; hundreds of thousands are believed to have been imprisoned extrajudicially, and practitioners in detention are subject to forced labor, psychiatric abuse, torture, and other coercive methods of thought reform at the hands of Chinese authorities.

Human rights groups and Christian governments have long protested against conditions placed by the secular government of Turkey on the Ecumenical Patriarch, a religious office.

Human Rights Watch released a report on the situation in 1989, which stated: " contras were major and systematic violators of the most basic standards of the laws of armed conflict, including by launching indiscriminate attacks on civilians, selectively murdering non-combatants, and mistreating prisoners.

Similarly, Human Rights Watch pointed out that " the Contras systematically engage in violent abuses ... so prevalent that these may be said to be their principal means of waging war " in a 1989 report.

One member of the Permanent Commission for Human Rights commented on the Americas Watch report and its chief investigator Juan Mendez: " The Sandinistas are laying the groundwork for a totalitarian society here and yet all Mendez wanted to hear about were abuses by the contras.

At SRI, Engelbart gradually obtained over a dozen patents ( some resulting from his graduate work ), and by 1962 produced a report about his vision and proposed research agenda titled Augmenting Human Intellect: A Conceptual Framework.

The National Academy of Sciences had previously sponsored the Enhancing Human Performance report on mental development programs, which was critical of parapsychology.

Singer prepared an NIPCC report called " Nature, Not Human Activity, Rules the Climate ," published in March 2008 by the Heartland Institute, a conservative think tank.

* Hate Crime Survey, annual Human Rights First report on the prevalence of hate crimes in the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe region.

" A Human Rights Watch report found that the Contras were guilty of targeting health care clinics and health care workers for assassination ; kidnapping civilians ; torturing and executing civilians, including children, who were captured in combat ; raping women ; indiscriminately attacking civilians and civilian homes ; seizing civilian property ; and burning civilian houses in captured towns.

In 1998, an ad hoc CCAR committee on Human Sexuality issued its majority report ( 11 to 1, 1 abstention ) which stated that the holiness within a Jewish marriage " may be present in committed same gender relationships between two Jews and that these relationships can serve as the foundation of stable Jewish families, thus adding strength to the Jewish community.

In May 2006, the United Nations Mission in Liberia ( UNMIL ) released a report: “ Human Rights in Liberia ’ s Rubber Plantations: Tapping into the Future ” which detailed the results of its investigation into the conditions on the Firestone plantation in Liberia.

* Funding the " Final War " A Human Rights Watch report on LTTE's fund raising strategies

* Trapped and Mistreated Human rights violations of LTTE, a Human Rights Watch report

Licklider ( see his 1960 paper Man-Computer Symbiosis ), Douglas Engelbart ( see his 1962 report Augmenting Human Intellect ), and also led to Ted Nelson's groundbreaking work in concepts of hypermedia and hypertext.

In December 2009, a 96-page report titled Human Rights in Ethiopia: Through the Eyes of the Oromo Diaspora, compiled by the Advocates for Human Rights, documented human rights violations against the Oromo in Ethiopia under three successive regimes: the Abyssinian Empire under Haile Selassie, the Marxist Derg and the current Ethiopian government of the Ethiopian People ’ s Revolutionary Democratic Front ( EPRDF ), dominated by members of the Tigray People ’ s Liberation Front ( TPLF ) and which was accused to have arrested approximately 20, 000 suspected OLF members, to have driven most OLF leadership into exile, and to have effectively neutralized the OLF as a political force in Ethiopia.

The conduct of U. S. forces was criticised in a report entitled Enduring Freedom-Abuses by U. S. Forces in Afghanistan by U. S .- based human rights group, Human Rights Watch in 2004.

One recent report released by Human Rights Watch in 2012 describes a situation where women are punished by the judicial system for attempting to escape from domestic abuse and also occasionally for being victims of rape.

A 2001 Human Rights Watch report considered FARC-EP's refusal to admit children under fifteen years old into their forces to be " encouraging " but added that there is " little evidence that this rule is being strictly applied " and called on the group to demobilize all existing child soldiers and cease this practice in the future.

The Inter-American Commission on Human Rights ( IACHR ) in a 1981 report found evidence for mass executions in the period following the revolution.

Human Rights Watch also stated in its 1989 report on Nicaragua that: " Under the Reagan administration, U. S. policy toward Nicaragua's Sandinista government was marked by constant hostility.

The CIIR report also questioned the independence of the Permanent Commission on Human Rights, referring to an article in the Washington Post which claims that the National Endowment for Democracy, an organization funded by the US government, allocated a concession of US $ 50, 000 for assistance in the translation and distribution outside Nicaragua of its monthly report, and that these funds were administered by Prodemca, a US-based organization which later published full-page adverisments in the Washington Post and New York Times supporting military aid to the Contras.