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IAVI ’ s donors include the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Broadway Cares / Equity Fights AIDS, the Foundation for the National Institutes of Health, the Glickenhaus Foundation, the James B. Pendleton Charitable Trust, the Starr Foundation, the William & Mae Salcone Charitable Trust, and the William Randolph Hearst Foundation ; the governments of Denmark, Ireland, Japan, the Netherlands, New York City, Norway, Spain, Sweden, the United Kingdom, the United States and the Basque Autonomous Government ; multilateral organizations such as the OPEC Fund for International Development and the World Bank ; corporate donors including Advanced Electronic Solutions, BD ( Becton, Dickinson & Co .), Bristol-Myers Squibb, Carlsberg Group, Canon Business Solutions, Continental Airlines, the EMMES Corporation, Gilead Sciences, GlaxoSmithKline, Google Inc., Institut Merieux, Pfizer Inc, UNIT4 Business Software, White & Case LLP, VWR, Ziff Brothers Investments and Zwiser Leven ; and many individuals from around the world.
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IAVI ’ s scientific team, drawn largely from private industry, researches and develops AIDS vaccine candidates and engages in clinical trials and research through partnerships with more than 50 academic, biotechnology, pharmaceutical and governmental institutions.
The bimonthly IAVI Report and VAX track the latest news in vaccine development and related topics, and offer an online database of all AIDS vaccine trials, also available through IAVI ’ s website.
As part of the organization ’ s advocacy in developing countries, IAVI supports the India-Brazil-South Africa trilateral agreement as a vehicle for spurring cooperation in vaccine development among countries with growing biomedical research and manufacturing capabilities.
IAVI and Bill
IAVI also operates the Innovation Fund – a financing mechanism established jointly with the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation – which seeks out and supports using new technologies to solve major issues hampering AIDS vaccine development.
IAVI and &
IAVI also partners with other organizations to analyze how improved public policies could help to accelerate AIDS vaccine R & D and ensure rapid global access to a future vaccine.
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* Uganda Virus Research Institute / IAVI HIV Vaccine Program
IAVI and AIDS
* International AIDS Vaccine Initiative ( IAVI )
* The International AIDS Vaccine Initiative ( IAVI ), a biomedical public – private product development partnership ( PDP ), was established in 1996 to accelerate the development of a vaccine to prevent HIV infection and AIDS.
* 2006: Member of the Executive Board of Directors for IAVI, the International AIDS Vaccine Initiative
* International AIDS Vaccine Initiative ( IAVI )
The International AIDS Vaccine Initiative ( known as IAVI ) is a global not-for-profit, public-private partnership working to accelerate the development of vaccines to prevent HIV infection and AIDS.
IAVI researches and develops vaccine candidates, conducts policy analyses, serves as an advocate for the HIV prevention field and engages communities in the trial process and AIDS vaccine education.
These meetings resulted in the establishment of IAVI in 1996, as an international non-governmental organization tasked with aggressively pursuing previously neglected approaches to AIDS vaccine development.
IAVI sponsors AIDS vaccine trials in collaboration with local scientists primarily in Africa, where subtypes of HIV different from that common in other regions of the world circulate.
IAVI conducts translational research at its AIDS Vaccine Design and Development Laboratory in New York City, its Neutralizing Antibody Center at The Scripps Research Institute in La Jolla, California, and its Human Immunology Laboratory at Imperial College London in London, England.
IAVI publishes a range of materials on topics related to AIDS vaccine development.
IAVI has focused on communicating the need for an AIDS vaccine in recent years at the G8 forum, the United Nations General Assembly meetings on AIDS, the UN Millennium Development Goals, and regional and global AIDS conferences.
To address major obstacles in AIDS vaccine development, IAVI partners with HIV researchers from around the world in AIDS vaccine consortia.
In some countries where IAVI is not sponsoring clinical studies, the organization works with partners to support AIDS vaccine research and advocacy efforts.
IAVI and .
IAVI is financially supported by governments, multilateral organizations, and major private-sector institutions and individuals.
IAVI and its network of partners have partners have developed and advanced 13 HIV vaccine candidates into early-stage human trials, including the first HIV vaccine trials conducted in Germany, India, Kenya, Rwanda and Zambia.
In September 2009, a global group of researchers led by IAVI published a study in the journal Science identifying PG9 and PG16, two highly powerful broadly neutralizing antibodies against a wide variety of HIV variants.
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The AMPAS was originally conceived by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer studio boss Louis B. Mayer as a professional honorary organization to help improve the film industry ’ s image and help mediate labor disputes.
The International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences defines psychological altruism as " a motivational state with the goal of increasing another ’ s welfare ".
Psychological altruism is contrasted with psychological egoism, which refers to the motivation to increase one ’ s own welfare.
One way is a sincere expression of Christian love, " motivated by a powerful feeling of security, strength, and inner salvation, of the invincible fullness of one ’ s own life and existence ".
Another way is merely " one of the many modern substitutes for love, ... nothing but the urge to turn away from oneself and to lose oneself in other people ’ s business.
* David Firestone-When Romney ’ s Reach Exceeds His Grasp-Mitt Romney quotes the song
" Swift extends the metaphor to get in a few jibes at England ’ s mistreatment of Ireland, noting that " For this kind of commodity will not bear exportation, and flesh being of too tender a consistence, to admit a long continuance in salt, although perhaps I could name a country, which would be glad to eat up our whole nation without it.
George Wittkowsky argued that Swift ’ s main target in A Modest Proposal was not the conditions in Ireland, but rather the can-do spirit of the times that led people to devise a number of illogical schemes that would purportedly solve social and economic ills.
In response, Swift ’ s Modest Proposal was " a burlesque of projects concerning the poor ", that were in vogue during the early 18th century.
Critics differ about Swift ’ s intentions in using this faux-mathematical philosophy.
Charles K. Smith argues that Swift ’ s rhetorical style persuades the reader to detest the speaker and pity the Irish.
Swift ’ s specific strategy is twofold, using a " trap " to create sympathy for the Irish and a dislike of the narrator who, in the span of one sentence, " details vividly and with rhetorical emphasis the grinding poverty " but feels emotion solely for members of his own class.
Swift ’ s use of gripping details of poverty and his narrator ’ s cool approach towards them create " two opposing points of view " that " alienate the reader, perhaps unconsciously, from a narrator who can view with ' melancholy ' detachment a subject that Swift has directed us, rhetorically, to see in a much less detached way.
Once the children have been commodified, Swift ’ s rhetoric can easily turn " people into animals, then meat, and from meat, logically, into tonnage worth a price per pound ".
Swift uses the proposer ’ s serious tone to highlight the absurdity of his proposal.
In making his argument, the speaker uses the conventional, text book approved order of argument from Swift ’ s time ( which was derived from the Latin rhetorician Quintilian ).
James Johnson argued that A Modest Proposal was largely influenced and inspired by Tertullian ’ s Apology: a satirical attack against early Roman persecution of Christianity.
Johnson notes Swift ’ s obvious affinity for Tertullian and the bold stylistic and structural similarities between the works A Modest Proposal and Apology.
He reminds readers that " there is a gap between the narrator ’ s meaning and the text ’ s, and that a moral-political argument is being carried out by means of parody ".
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