Psychological egoism is the view that humans are always motivated by self-interest, even in what seem to be acts of altruism.

: The American style is used by most American newspapers, publishing houses and style guides in the United States and Canada ( including the Modern Language Association's MLA Style Manual, the American Psychological Association's APA Publication Manual, the University of Chicago's The Chicago Manual of Style, the American Institute of Physics's AIP Style Manual, the American Medical Association's AMA Manual of Style, the American Political Science Association's APSA Style Manual, the Associated Press ' The AP Guide to Punctuation and the Canadian Public Works ' The Canadian Style ).

The Shawn Carlson's double-blind chart matching tests, in which 28 astrologers agreed to match over 100 natal charts to psychological profiles generated by the California Psychological Inventory ( CPI ) test, is one of the most renowned tests of astrology.

Abstraction is one of Jung's 57 definitions in Chapter XI of Psychological Types.

The Institute for Credentialing Excellence ( ICE ) is a U. S .- based organization that sets rigorous standards for accreditation of certification programs based on the Standards for Educational and Psychological Testing ( APA, AERA, NCME ).

Rogers is widely considered to be one of the founding fathers of psychotherapy research and was honored for his pioneering research with the Award for Distinguished Scientific Contributions by the American Psychological Association in 1956.

# Psychological adjustment exists when the concept of the self is such that all the sensory and visceral experiences of the organism are, or may be, assimilated on a symbolic level into a consistent relationship with the concept of self.

The consensus, however, in position statements from the American Psychiatric Association, American Psychological Association and other institutions in many other countries, is that the research and clinical literature demonstrate that homosexuality is a normal and positive variation of human sexuality, and that any social exclusion or difficulties with homosexuality are a problem of society.

In July 2004 the American Psychological Association issued a statement that DADT " discriminates on the basis of sexual orientation " and that " Empirical evidence fails to show that sexual orientation is germane to any aspect of military effectiveness including unit cohesion, morale, recruitment and retention.

" Psychological reversals are common and sometimes happen so suddenly that inconsistency in characterization is an issue for many critics, such as Aristotle, who cited Iphigenia in Aulis as an example ( Poetics 1454a32 ).

Holding membership among Division 15 of the American Psychological Association and / or multiple divisions of the American Educational Research Association is common among educational psychologists.

Psychological complications are related to cultural context ; damage may occur to women who undergo FGM particularly when they are moving outside their traditional circles and are confronted with a view that mutilation is not the norm.

According to the American Psychological Association ( APA ), there are numerous theories about the origins of a person's sexual orientation, but some believe that " sexual orientation is most likely the result of a complex interaction of environmental, cognitive and biological factors ," and that genetic factors play a " significant role " in determining a person's sexuality.

The American Medical Association and the American Psychological Association caution against repressed memory therapy in cases of alleged childhood trauma, stating that " it is impossible, without corroborative evidence, to distinguish a true memory from a false one.

Psychological impotence is where erection or penetration fails due to thoughts or feelings ( psychological reasons ) rather than physical impossibility ; this is somewhat less frequent but often can be helped.

The American Psychological Association's 1995 report Intelligence: Knowns and Unknowns stated that the correlations for most " negative outcome " variables are typically smaller than 0. 20, which means that the explained variance is less than 4 %.

An applied science, I – O psychology is represented by Division 14 of the American Psychological Association, known formally as the Society for Industrial and Organizational Psychology ( SIOP ).

Rushton is a Fellow of the American, British, and Canadian Psychological Associations and onetime Fellow of the John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation.

These theories, championed by the likes of Noam Chomsky and others, include innatism and Psychological nativism, in which a child is born prepared in some manner with these capacities, as opposed to other theories in which language is simply learned as other cognitive skills, including such mundane motor skills as learning to ride a bike.

Although the Academy of Medical Psychology defines medical psychology as a " specialty " and has established a " specialty board certification ," it is important to note that the American Psychological Association does not currently recognize medical psychology as a " specialty.

It is equally important to note than the American Psychological Association does not recognize that the term medical psychology has, as a prerequisite, nor should the term be equated with having, prescriptive authority.

Psychological withdrawal from morphine is a very long and painful process.

Psychological therapies such as cognitive behavioural therapy are recommended as a first-line therapy for panic disorder ; benzodiazepine use has been found to interfere with therapeutic gains from these therapies.

Psychological coercion – along with the other varieties-was extensively and systematically used by the government of the People ’ s Republic of China during the “ Thought Reform ” campaign of 1951-1952.

* an undergraduate degree in psychology permitting registration with the British Psychological Society

In 1890, along with Arthur Konig, he founded the Psychological journal Zeitschrift für Physiologie und Psychologie der Sinnesorgane ( The Psychology and Physiology of the Sense Organs ).

Similarly, virtually all members of LAMP have also resigned from the Louisiana Psychological Association ( LPA ) after many LPA members asserted that the LAMP's prescriptive authority movement secretly came to an agreement with Louisiana's medical board to transfer the practice of psychology for psychologists with prescriptive authority to the medical board.

A 1992 study by Jeffrey E. Pfeifer of the University of Virginia on " The Psychological Framing of Cults " found that 75. 51 % ( 74 of 98 ) of participating individuals were familiar with the word " Moonies ".

The most recent meta-analysis on psychokinesis was published in Psychological Bulletin, along with several critical commentaries.

In this field, the Standards for Educational and Psychological Testing place standards about validity and reliability, along with errors of measurement and related considerations under the general topic of test construction, evaluation and documentation.

The American Psychological Association undertook a study of the peer-reviewed literature in the area of sexual orientation change efforts ( SOCE ) and found a myriad of issues with the procedures used in conducting the research.

In 1951 he continued on the topic with his essay Freudian Theory and the Pattern of Fascist Propaganda, in which he said that " Psychological dispositions do not actually cause fascism ; rather, fascism defines a psychological area which can be successfully exploited by the forces which promote it for entirely non-psychological reasons of self-interest.

The American Psychological Association is occasionally confused with the American Psychiatric Association, which also uses the acronym APA.

Psychological determinism can mean that humans must act according to reason, but it can also be synonymous with some sort of Psychological egoism.

The American Psychological Association style guide states that, when identifying a person with an impairment, the person's name or pronoun should come first, and descriptions of the impairment / disability should be used so that the impairment is identified, but is not modifying the person.

Additionally, LA Tech offers doctoral degrees in audiology, business administration, counseling psychology ( accredited by the American Psychological Association ), industrial / organizational psychology, computational analysis and modeling, engineering, and biomedical engineering, with a joint MD / PhD program with the Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Shreveport.

It incorporates Carl Jung's work on Psychological Types with Antoni Kępiński's theory of information metabolism.

* Psychological causes: performance anxiety, stress, mental disorders ( clinical depression, schizophrenia, substance abuse, panic disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, personality disorders or traits ), psychological problems, negative feelings.

Joel Feinberg, in his 1958 paper " Psychological Egoism ", embraces a similar critique by drawing attention to the infinite regress of psychological egoism.

* Psychological Continuum Model, a framework to classify sport and event consumers, in order of their psychological connection towards the object

Psychological studies show that the psychological propensities for male and female entrepreneurs are more similar than different.

To that end, as the Allies began their post-war denazification efforts, the Psychological Warfare Division ( PWD ) of SHAEF ( Supreme Headquarters Allied Expeditionary Force ) undertook a psychological propaganda campaign for the purpose of developing a German sense of collective responsibility.

* Psychological trauma, an emotional or psychological injury, usually resulting from an extremely stressful or life-threatening situation

* Psychological factors in International Relations-Evaluating psychological factors in international relations comes from the understanding that a state is not a ' black box ' as proposed by Realism, and that there may be other influences on foreign policy decisions.

A CIA manual for training the Nicaraguan Contras in psychological operations, leaked to the media in 1984, entitled " Psychological Operations in Guerrilla War ".

The Integrated Psychological theory of leadership is an attempt to integrate the strengths of the older theories ( i. e. traits, behavioral / styles, situational and functional ) while addressing their limitations, largely by introducing a new element – the need for leaders to develop their leadership presence, attitude toward others and behavioral flexibility by practicing psychological mastery.

The formal psychometric measurement of creativity, from the standpoint of orthodox psychological literature, is usually considered to have begun with J. P. Guilford's 1950 address to the American Psychological Association, which helped popularize the topic and focus attention on a scientific approach to conceptualizing creativity.

Psychological warfare ( PSYWAR ), or the basic aspects of modern psychological operations ( PSYOP ), have been known by many other names or terms, including Psy Ops, Political Warfare, “ Hearts and Minds ”, and Propaganda.

During World War II the United States Joint Chiefs of Staff defined psychological warfare more broadly stating " Psychological warfare employs any weapon to influence the mind of the enemy.

Psychological warfare would disarm an enemy in a way even nuclear weapons cannot, and so many say the U. S. must prepare for psychological warfare on an unprecedented level.

Baldwin complemented his psychological work with philosophy, in particular epistemology his contribution to which he presented in the presidential address to the American Psychological Association in 1897.

Though commonly used and allowed by the ethical guidelines of the American Psychological Association, there has been debate about whether or not the use of deception should be permitted in psychological research experiments.

Psychological testing is a field characterized by the use of samples of behavior in order to assess psychological construct ( s ), such as cognitive and emotional functioning, about a given individual.

Psychological tests can strongly resemble questionnaires, which are also designed to measure unobserved constructs, but differ in that psychological tests ask for a respondent's maximum performance whereas a questionnaire asks for the respondent's typical performance.

Psychological assessment is similar to psychological testing but usually involves a more comprehensive assessment of the individual.

The second is Psychological Empowerment which comes from Social Psychological models and is described as psychological perceptions / attitudes of employees about their work and their organizational roles.

In the International Marketing Review article “ Status Consumption in Cross-national Context: Socio – Psychological, Brand and Situational Antecedents ” ( 2010 ), Paurav Shukla reported that, whilst researchers recognize the importance of the consumer ’ s social and psychological environment, the definition of the construct of status-directed consumption remains ambiguous, because, in order to develop a comprehensive general theory, social scientists are intellectually required to accept two fundamental assumptions that do not always concord.