When intelligence quotient ( IQ ) tests are initially standardized using a sample of test-takers, by convention the average of the test results is set to 100 and their standard deviation is set to 15 or 16 IQ points.

Flynn originally took the extreme position that the very large increase indicates that IQ tests do not measure intelligence but only a minor sort of " abstract problem-solving ability " with little practical significance.

He argued that if IQ gains do reflect intelligence increases, there would have been consequent changes of our society that have not been observed ( a presumed non-occurrence of a " cultural renaissance ").

There is debate about whether the rise in IQ scores also corresponds to a rise in intelligence, or a rise in skills related to taking IQ tests.

But this rise in IQ test scores is not wholly explained by an increase in general intelligence.

Researchers have shown that the IQ gains described by the Flynn effect are due in part to increasing intelligence, and in part to increases in test specific skills.

This explanation may imply that IQ tests do not necessarily measure a general intelligence factor, especially not Raven's as often argued, but instead may measure different types of intelligence that are developed by different experiences ( this argument is against the notion of an underlying general intelligence, or g factor ).

An intelligence quotient, or IQ, is a score derived from one of several standardized tests designed to assess intelligence.

Whether IQ tests are an accurate measure of intelligence is debated.

It is difficult to define what constitutes intelligence ; instead, it may be the case that IQ represents a type of intelligence.

Among the most controversial issues related to the study of intelligence is the observation that intelligence measures such as IQ scores vary between ethnic and racial groups and sexes.

IQ is the most researched approach to intelligence and by far the most widely used in practical setting.

However, although IQ attempts to measure some notion of intelligence, it may fail to act as an accurate measure of " intelligence " in its broadest sense.

IQ tests only examine particular areas embodied by the broadest notion of " intelligence ", failing to account for certain areas which are also associated with " intelligence " such as creativity or emotional intelligence.

They do argue, however, that to base a concept of intelligence on IQ test scores alone is to ignore many important aspects of mental ability.

He calculated what he called a Intelligenz-Quotient score, or IQ, as the quotient of the ' mental age ' ( the age group which scored such a result on average ) of the test-taker and the ' chronological age ' of the test-taker, multiplied by 100.

When intelligence quotient ( IQ ) tests are initially standardized using a sample of test-takers, by convention the average of the test results is set to 100 and their standard deviation is set to 15 IQ points.

* Mensa International, an organization for people with a high intelligence quotient ( IQ )

The connection between race and intelligence has been a subject of debate in both popular science and academic research since the inception of intelligence quotient ( IQ ) testing in the early 20th century.

The book's title comes from the bell-shaped normal distribution of intelligence quotient ( IQ ) scores in a population.

" The first is the fallacy of " reification ", which is " our tendency to convert abstract concepts into entities " such as the intelligence quotient ( IQ ) and the general intelligence factor ( g factor ), which have been the cornerstones of much research into human intelligence.

The Mismeasure of Man presents a historical evaluation of the concepts of the intelligence quotient ( IQ ) and of the general intelligence factor ( g factor ), which were and are the measures for intelligence used by psychologists.

Individuals with FXS may present anywhere on a continuum from learning disabilities in the context of a normal intelligence quotient ( IQ ) to severe intellectual disability, with an average IQ of 40 in males who have complete silencing of the FMR1 gene.

have shown a correlation between myopia and a higher intelligence quotient ( IQ ).

Several attempts have been made to develop a creativity quotient of an individual similar to the intelligence quotient ( IQ ), however these have been unsuccessful.

Leopold was a child prodigy who spoke his first words at the age of four months ; he reportedly had an intelligence quotient of 210, though this is not directly comparable to scores on modern IQ tests.

By far the most acrimonious of the debates has been that over the role of genetics in IQ differences ( see intelligence quotient # Genetics vs environment ), which led to Eysenck famously being punched on the nose by a female protestor during a talk at the London School of Economics, as well as bomb threats, and threats to kill his young children .< ref >

In 2001 political psychologist Aubrey Immelman made an IQ estimation of G. W. Bush based on the SAT Reasoning Test results of Bush ( 1206 ) and Al Gore, who achieved IQ scores of 133 and 134 in his school years: " It's tempting to employ Al Gore's IQ: SAT ratio of 134: 1355 as a formula for estimating Bush's probable intelligence quotient — an exercise in fuzzy statistics that predicts a score of 119.

The book argues that differences in national income ( in the form of per capita gross domestic product ) correlate with differences in the average national intelligence quotient ( IQ ).

At the May 18, 1910 annual meeting of the American Association for the Study of the Feeble-Minded, Goddard proposed definitions for a system for classifying individuals with mental retardation based on intelligence quotient ( IQ ).

* IQ, short for intelligence quotient

that he personally had an IQ of 141 and was currently reading the Mushr to Ozon volume of the encyclopedia.

Jensen's most controversial work, published in February 1969 in the Harvard Educational Review, was titled " How Much Can We Boost IQ and Scholastic Achievement?

" It concluded, among other things, that Head Start programs designed to boost African-American IQ scores had failed, and that this was likely never to be remedied, largely because, in Jensen's estimation, 80 % of the variance in IQ in the population studied was the result of genetic factors and the remainder was due to environmental influences.

On June 3 police interrogated Jessie Misskelley Jr. Misskelley, whose IQ was reported to be 72 ( making him borderline intellectual functioning ), was questioned alone ; his parents were not present during the interrogation.

Ulric Neisser estimates that using the IQ values of today the average IQ of the US in 1932, according to the first Stanford – Binet Intelligence Scales standardization sample, was 80.

The IQ difference between the groups, although only five points, was still present at age 12.

Exposure during the birth year to malaria eradication was associated with increases in IQ.

When modern IQ tests are devised, the mean ( average ) score within an age group is set to 100 and the standard deviation ( SD ) almost always to 15, although this was not always so historically.

g was earlier often subdivided into only Gf and Gc, which were thought to correspond to the nonverbal or performance subtests and verbal subtests in earlier versions of the popular Wechsler IQ test.

Psychologist Peter Schönemann was also a persistent critic of IQ, calling it " the IQ myth ".

The term " idiot " was used to refer to people having an IQ below 30.

In addition, his speech was slowed down a bit to keep up with his still almost genius IQ.

The first IQ test was created between 1905 and 1908 and revised in 1916 ( the Stanford – Binet Intelligence Scales ).

45 percent of those surveyed thought that black-white differences in IQ were the product of both genetic and environmental variation, while 15 percent believed that the differences were entirely due to environmental factors ; the rest either declined to answer the question, or thought that there was insufficient evidence to give an answer.

* Cyril Burt was an English educational psychologist who made contributions to educational psychology and statistics. Burt is known for his studies on the heritability of IQ.

( Some had taken an IQ test in high school, and the median correlation of the AFQT and those tests was. 81.