The IUPAC / IUPAP Transfermium Working Group report in 1992 officially recognised the GSI team as discoverers of bohrium.

In 1992 the IUPAC / IUPAP Transfermium Working Group assessed the claims of the two groups and concluded that confidence in the discovery grew from results from both laboratories and the claim of discovery should be shared.

The term " geometric isomerism " is considered an obsolete synonym of " cis / trans isomerism " by IUPAC.

The IUPAC / IUPAP Transfermium Working Group ( TWG ) recognised the GSI collaboration as official discoverers in their 1992 report.

A more stable isotope (< sup > 231 </ sup > Pa ) of protactinium was discovered in 1917 / 18 by Otto Hahn and Lise Meitner, and they choose the name proto-actinium, but then the IUPAC named it finally protactinium in 1949 and confirmed Hahn and Meitner as discoverers.

In 1992, the IUPAC / IUPAP Transfermium Working Group ( TWG ) assessed the claims of discovery and concluded that both teams provided contemporaneous evidence to the synthesis of element 104 and that credit should be shared between the two groups.

The naming and credit for discovery of those elements remained unresolved for many years but eventually shared credit was recognized by IUPAC / IUPAP in 1992.

The IUPAC / IUPAP Joint Working Party ( JWP ) recognised the GSI team as discoverers in their 2001 report.

In 2001, the IUPAC / IUPAP Joint Working Party ( JWP ) concluded that there was insufficient evidence for the discovery at that time.

The IUPAC / IUPAP Joint Working Party ( JWP ), however, has made no comment on whether or not the element can be recognized as discovered.

Sequences are expected to be represented in the standard IUB / IUPAC amino acid and nucleic acid codes, with these exceptions: lower-case letters are accepted and are mapped into upper-case ; a single hyphen or dash can be used to represent a gap character ; and in amino acid sequences, U and * are acceptable letters ( see below ).

* At IUPAC standard temperature and pressure ( 0 ° C and 100 kPa ), dry air has a density of 1. 2754 kg / m < sup > 3 </ sup >.

The use of " molar " as a unit, equal to 1 mol / dm < sup > 3 </ sup >, symbol M, is frequent, but not ( as of May 2007 ) completely condoned by IUPAC: See if commonly used.

* 1959 / 1960: Unified atomic weight scale based on C = 12 adopted by IUPAP and IUPAC.

Since the early 1960s ferrocene has been gaining acceptance as the standard reference for nonaqueous work for a number of reasons, and in 1984, IUPAC recommended ferrocene ( II / III ) as a standard redox couple.

For non-aqueous work, IUPAC recommends the use of the ferrocene / ferrocenium couple as an internal standard.

More recent IUPAC recommendations now suggest the newer term " hydronium " be used in favor of the older accepted term " oxonium " to illustrate reaction mechanisms such as those defined in the Brønsted – Lowry and solvent system definitions more clearly, with the Arrhenius definition serving as a simple general outline of acid – base character.

The standard boiling point is now ( as of 1982 ) defined by IUPAC as the temperature at which boiling occurs under a pressure of 1 bar.

This notation is now universal and is recommended by the IUPAC.

The phrase " partition coefficient " is now considered obsolete by IUPAC, and " partition constant ", " partition ratio ", or " distribution ratio " are all more appropriate terms that should be used.

Alkynes are traditionally known as acetylenes, although the name acetylene also refers specifically to C < sub > 2 </ sub > H < sub > 2 </ sub >, known formally as ethyne using IUPAC nomenclature.

These are also named by IUPAC, which generally adopts the name chosen by the discoverer.

IUPAC prefers that isotope symbols be written in superscript notation when practical, for example < sup > 12 </ sup > C and < sup > 235 </ sup > U. However, other notations, such as carbon-12 and uranium-235, or C-12 and U-235, are also used.

In contrast to the more strict definition proposed by IUPAC, which requires a d-block metal and a sandwich structure, the term metallocene and thus the denotation-ocene, is applied in the chemical literature also to non-transition metal compounds, such as Cp < sub > 2 </ sub > Ba, or structures where the aromatic rings are not co-planar, such as found in manganocene or titanocene dichloride ( Cp < sub > 2 </ sub > TiCl < sub > 2 </ sub >).

Substances containing N-glycosidic bonds are also known as glycosylamines ; the term " N-glycoside " is considered a misnomer by IUPAC and is discouraged.

IUPAC also uses the term as the root of many compounds with a linear six-carbon backbone, such as 2-methylhexane C < sub > 7 </ sub > H < sub > 16 </ sub >, which is also called " isoheptane ".

It is also possible to define an activity coefficient in terms of Raoult's law: the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry ( IUPAC ) recommends the symbol ƒ for this activity coefficient, although this should not be confused with fugacity.

: See also: IUPAC nomenclature

In thermodynamics, the Gibbs free energy ( IUPAC recommended name: Gibbs energy or Gibbs function ; also known as free enthalpy to distinguish it from Helmholtz free energy ) is a thermodynamic potential that measures the " useful " or process-initiating work obtainable from a thermodynamic system at a constant temperature and pressure ( isothermal, isobaric ).

Dihedral angles have also been defined by the IUPAC for other molecules, such as the nucleic acids ( DNA and RNA ) and for polysaccharides.

The preferred IUPAC name for the group is prop-2-enoyl, and it is also ( less correctly ) known as acrylyl or simply acryl.

Algorithms for the conversion of IUPAC names to structure representations and vice versa are also used for extracting structural information from text.

Oxalate ( IUPAC: ethanedioate ) is the dianion with the formula C < sub > 2 </ sub > O < sub > 4 </ sub >< sup > 2 −</ sup >, also written ( COO )< sub > 2 </ sub >< sup > 2 −</ sup >.

In the IUPAC nomenclature, the name refers exclusively to one isomer, the straight-chain H < sub > 3 </ sub > C ( CH < sub > 2 </ sub >)< sub > 11 </ sub > CH < sub > 3 </ sub >, also called normal or n-tridecane ; the other isomers are named as derivatives of lighter hydrocarbons, as in 2, 2, 4, 4-tetramethyl-3-t-butyl-pentane.

VG ( IUPAC name: O, O-diethyl S-phosphorothioate ) ( also called Amiton or Tetram ) is a " V-series " nerve agent chemically similar to the better-known VX nerve agent.

Vinyl alcohol, also called ethenol ( IUPAC name ), is an alcohol.

Diethylpyrocarbonate ( DEPC ), also called diethyl dicarbonate ( IUPAC name ), diethyl oxydiformate, ethoxyformic anhydride, or pyrocarbonic acid diethyl ester, is used in the laboratory to inactivate RNase enzymes in water and on laboratory utensils.

As the largest known protein, titin also has the longest IUPAC name.

Hemiaminal ethers are also sometimes called aminals although it is discouraged by the IUPAC.

This institution is supervised by the " Peruvian council of chemistry " ( also known as " Peruvian Board of Chemists ") and it has the approval of IUPAC and its affiliates.

However, because these can also be referred to as " redox potentials ", the terms " reduction potentials " and " oxidation potentials " are preferred by the IUPAC.

Ethyl sulfate ( IUPAC name: ethyl hydrogen sulfate ), also known as sulfovinic acid, is an organic chemical compound used as intermediate in the production of ethanol from ethylene.