The medieval exegete Abraham ibn Ezra believed that Job was translated from another language and it is therefore unclear " like all translated books " ( Ibn Ezra Job 2: 11 ).

Elaborating on this theme are numerous early and late Jewish scholars, including the Ramban, Isaac Abrabanel, Abraham Ibn Ezra, Rabbeinu Bachya, the Vilna Gaon, the Lubavitcher Rebbe, the Ramchal, Aryeh Kaplan, and Rebbetzin Esther Jungreis.

* Abraham Ibn Ezra

The branches are often artistically depicted as semicircular, but Rashi may be interpreted as saying they were straight, and Maimonides, according to his son Avraham, held that they were straight ; other authorities, including Ibn Ezra, say they were round.

He is considered the " father " of all commentaries that followed on the Talmud ( i. e., the Baalei Tosafot ) and the Tanakh ( i. e., Ramban, Ibn Ezra, Ohr HaChaim, et al.

Ibn Ezra hinted, and Bonfils explicitly stated, that Joshua wrote these verses many years after the death of Moses.

Abraham Ibn Ezra states that the word indicates the task and not just the shape of the ark cover ; since the blood of the Yom Kippur sacrifice was sprinkled in its direction, it was the symbol of propitiation.

Maaseh Hoshev is sometimes mistakenly referred to as Sefer Hamispar ( The Book of Number ), which is an earlier and less sophisticated work by Rabbi Abraham ben Meir Ibn Ezra ( 1090 – 1167 ).

1 Adar-( 1164 )-Death of the Ibn Ezra

Rabbi Abraham Ben Meir Ibn Ezra ( Hebrew: אברהם אבן עזרא or ראב " ע, Arabic ابن عزرا ; also known as Abenezra ) ( 1089 — 1164 ) was born at Tudela, Navarre Tudela, Navarre ( now in Spain ) in 1089, and died c. 1167, apparently in Calahorra.

Ibn Ezra excelled in philosophy, astronomy / astrology, mathematics, poetry, linguistics, and exegesis ; he was called The Wise, The Great and The Admirable Doctor.

At several of the above-named places, Ibn Ezra remained for some time and developed a rich literary activity.

Of greater original value than the grammatical works of Ibn Ezra are his commentaries on most of the books of the Bible, of which, however, the Books of Chronicles have been lost.

See image at right ), the commentary on the Book of Exodus is replaced by a second, more complete commentary of Ibn Ezra, while the first and shorter commentary on Exodus was not printed until 1840.

The great editions of the Hebrew Bible with rabbinical commentaries contained also commentaries of Ibn Ezra's on the following books of the Bible: Isaiah, Minor Prophets, Psalms, Job, Pentateuch, Daniel ; the commentaries on Proverbs, Ezra and Nehemiah which bear his name are really those of Moses Kimhi.

Ibn Ezra wrote a second commentary on Genesis as he had done on Exodus, but this was never finished.

Ibn Ezra also wrote a commentary on the book of Ecclesiastes.

Although the poem states that he fled " from home in Spain / Going down to Rome with heavy spirit ," this does not resolve the question of what intermediate journeys Ibn Ezra may have made before settling in Rome, possibly in the company of R ' Yehudah HaLevi.

The importance of the exegesis of Ibn Ezra consists in the fact that it aims at arriving at the simple sense of the text, the Peshat, on grammatical principles.

Ibn Ezra is claimed by the proponents of the higher biblical criticism of the Pentateuch as one of its earliest pioneers.

Baruch Spinoza, basing his opinion on verses cited by Ibn Ezra in the beginning of Deuteronomy, concludes that Moses did not author the Pentateuch and that the Pentateuch was written much later.

In his commentary, Ibn Ezra adheres to the literal sense of the texts, avoiding Rabbinic allegories and Cabbalistic interpretations, though he remains faithful to the Jewish traditions.

The wandering life of an exile, such as Ibn Ezra led for nearly three decades, gave him the opportunity to carry out a mission which was to an eminent degree historical.

Usāmah gives the example of when the caliph tried to persuade Ibn -' Abbas to kill his father so that he would succeed to become vizier.

Hirschberg ( 1963 ) gives an English translation of the section where Ibn Khaldun discusses the supposed Judaized Jarāwa.

In explaining this, Ibn Abbas gives an example of striking with a toothstick ( a very tiny piece of wood, incapable of creating any pain ).

Ibn Abd al-Hakam, one of the first historians to discuss the treaty, gives two different versions of the treaty.

From Fuzhou he struck across the mountains into Zhejiang and visited Hangzhou, then renowned, under the name of Cansay, Khanzai, or Quinsai ( i. e. Kin gsze or royal residence ), as the greatest city in the world, of whose splendours Odoric, like Marco Polo, Marignolli, or Ibn Batuta, gives notable details.

The Ashari scholar Ibn Furak numbers Abu al-Hasan al-Ash ' ari's works at 300, and the biographer Ibn Khallikan at 55 ; Ibn Asāker gives the titles of 93 of them, but only a handful of these works, in the fields of heresiography and theology, have survived.

Ibn Ishaq gives no sources, while al-Waqidi refers to Ka ’ b ibn Malik of Salima, a clan hostile to the Jews, and Mummad ibn Ka ’ b, the son of a Qurayza boy who was sold into slavery in the aftermath of the siege and eventually became a Muslim.

However Ibn Sa'd gives the following account:

Appended to this he gives a commentary to a poem of Nabigha, to one of A ' sha, and moreover one to that poem of ' Abid which, as we have just seen, Ibn Qutaiba had counted among the seven.

We know from the Fihrist of Ibn al-Nadim ( 988 CE ) that in his time 128 pieces were counted in the book ; and this number agrees with that contained in the Vienna manuscript, which gives an additional poem, besides those annotated by al-Anbari, to al-Muraqqish the Elder, and adds at the end a poem by al-Harith ibn Hilliza.

Over his lifetime Ibn Battuta traveled over 73, 000 miles ( 117 500 km ) and visited the equivalent of 44 modern countries, here is a list.

The list: Al-Qaida / Islamic Army, Abu Sayyaf Group, Armed Islamic Group ( GIA ), Harakat ul-Mujahidin ( HUM ), Al-Jihad ( Egyptian Islamic Jihad ), Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan ( IMU ), Asbat al-Ansar, Salafist Group for Call and Combat ( GSPC ), Libyan Islamic Fighting Group, Al-Itihaad al-Islamiya ( AIAI ), Islamic Army of Aden, Osama bin Laden, Muhammad Atif ( aka, Subhi Abu Sitta, Abu Hafs Al Masri ) Sayf al-Adl, Shaykh Sai ' id ( aka, Mustafa Muhammad Ahmad ), Abu Hafs the Mauritanian ( aka, Mahfouz Ould al-Walid, Khalid Al-Shanqiti ), Ibn Al-Shaykh al-Libi, Abu Zubaydah ( aka, Zayn al-Abidin Muhammad Husayn, Tariq ), Abd al-Hadi al-Iraqi ( aka, Abu Abdallah ), Ayman al-Zawahiri, Thirwat Salah Shihata, Tariq Anwar al-Sayyid Ahmad ( aka, Fathi, Amr al-Fatih ), Muhammad Salah ( aka, Nasr Fahmi Nasr Hasanayn ), Makhtab Al-Khidamat / Al Kifah, Wafa Humanitarian Organization, Al Rashid Trust, Mamoun Darkazanli Import-Export Company

There are a great many other poems by Ibn Ezra, some of them religious ( the editor of the " Diwan " in an appended list mentions nearly 200 numbers ) and some secular-about love, friendship, wine,

Key figures are Imam Ja ' far al-Sadiq, Imam Bukhari, Imam Muslim, Al-Tirmidhi, Ibn Majah, Abu Dawud and Al-Nasa ' i. Each sifted through literally millions of hadith to accept a list of under 10, 000.

Mediaeval list of Ibn Arabi's books

* Ibn Tibbon a family list.

* Ibn Tibbon, a family list

Syrian historian Ibn Fadlallah al-Umari did not mention Darum in his list of the route's stopping points in 1349 ( instead he wrote al-Salqah was the only post between Rafah and Gaza ) suggesting that Darum was not a major settlement at the time.

* Ibn Tibbon a family list.

* One of the chapters of Mani's lost Book of Secrets concerned Bar Daisan, according to the list of its contents given by the tenth-century Islamic writer Ibn al-Nadim in his encyclopedia.