Ichthyosaurs and pliosaurs, on the other hand, went extinct during the Cenomanian-Turonian anoxic event.

Ichthyosaurs averaged in length ( although a few were smaller, and some species grew much larger ), with a porpoise-like head and a long, toothed snout.

With the advent of geological mapping in the early 19th century, it became increasingly obvious that much of the fossils associated with the " secondary " ( sedimentary ) rock, notably large animals like Ichthyosaurs, Mosasaurs, Pliosaurs and the various giant mammals found when excavating the Catacombs of Paris, were neither those of giant humans nor of any extant animals.

Landslides and the excavation of the clays, used in cement production, exposed not only an abundance of ammonites of varying size, but much larger specimens such as Ichthyosaurs and Plesiosaurs.

Ichthyosaurs, although common, are reduced in diversity ; while the top marine predators, the pliosaurs, grew to the size of killer whales and larger ( e. g. Pliosaurus, Liopleurodon ).

Ichthyosaurs ranged so widely in size, and survived for so long, that they are likely to have had a wide range of prey.

Ichthyosaurs were at times considered to have arisen independently of the other euryapsids, and given the older name Parapsida.

Ichthyosaurs ( Greek for " fish lizard "-ιχθυς or ichthys meaning " fish " and σαυρος or sauros meaning " lizard ") were giant marine reptiles that resembled dolphins in a textbook example of convergent evolution.

Ichthyosaurs had fin-like limbs, which were possibly used for stabilization and directional control, rather than propulsion, which would have come from the large shark-like tail.

Ichthyosaurs were still common in the Middle Jurassic, but had now decreased in diversity.

Ichthyosaurs seemed to decrease in diversity even further with the Cretaceous.

In turn, belemnites appear to have formed part of the diet of marine reptiles such as Ichthyosaurs, whose fossilized stomachs frequently contain phosphatic hooks from the arms of cephalopods.

Agnostida is an order of arthropod which first developed near the end of the Early Cambrian period and thrived during the Middle Cambrian.

The area thrived during the Ottoman Empire, as the centre of opium production and Afyon became a wealthy city with the typical Ottoman urban mixture of Turks, Armenians and Greeks.

Approximately 35 % of echinoderm genera became extinct at the K – T boundary, although taxa that thrived in low-latitude, shallow-water environments during late Cretaceous had the highest extinction rate.

This tradition as an enclave of avant-garde and alternative culture was established during the 19th century and into the 20th century, when small presses, art galleries, and experimental theater thrived.

Arthurian literature thrived during the Middle Ages but waned in the centuries that followed until it experienced a major resurgence in the 19th century.

The Florida Keys, islands off the south coast of Florida, are composed mainly of oolitic limestone ( the Lower Keys ) and the carbonate skeletons of coral reefs ( the Upper Keys ), which thrived in the area during interglacial periods when sea level was higher than at present.

These were followed by the earliest Deinotheriidae or " hoe tuskers ", which thrived during the Miocene and into the early Quaternary.

The rule change was made due to the dominance of the Edmonton Oilers during four-on-four play in which they thrived in the wide open style of play and would almost assuredly get a goal.

The band thrived, performing for both African-American and white audiences, a rarity during the racially divided times.

Despite the low quality of the animation, the TV cartoon studios Hanna-Barbera, DePatie-Freleng Enterprises, Jay Ward and Filmation thrived during this period.

The stoat thrived during the Ice Age, as its small size and long body allowed it to easily operate beneath snow, as well as hunt in burrows.

Located on the Green River, it thrived as a steamboat landing during the 19th century.

Trade thrived during the Middle Ages ; Konstanz owned the only bridge in the region which crossed the Rhine, making it a strategic location.

Mills, grain warehouses and packing establishments thrived during the decade.

Mills in Liberty produced materials that were used in the shipbuilding industry that thrived in nearby coastal towns, such as Waldoboro, during the early 19th century.

The community thrived during its first decade, adding general mercantiles, a butcher shop, a concrete plant, restaurants, and other businesses to serve the region ’ s growing homesteader population.

Ferris thrived during the early post-war years.

The same year saw the closure of the Melody Maker ( which officially merged with the NME ) and many speculated the NME would be next as the weekly music magazine market was shrinking-the monthly magazine Select, which had thrived especially during Britpop, was closed down within a week of Melody Maker.

The Lordship thrived in the 13th century during the Medieval Warm Period, a time of warm climate and better harvests.

Halifax thrived during times of war.

In the Islamic world, shipbuilding thrived at Basra and Alexandria, the dhow, felucca, baghlah and the sambuk, became symbols of successful maritime trade around the Indian Ocean ; from the ports of East Africa to Southeast Asia and the ports of Sindh and Hind ( India ) during the Abbasid period.

The station thrived during the late 1970s when it helped boost the transition of the Punk rock / New Wave music movement into the mainstream.

The bivalves were hard hit by this event but re-established themselves and thrived during the Triassic period that followed.

Garman proposed that it was allied with the " cladodonts ", a now-obsolete taxonomic grouping containing forms that thrived during the Palaeozoic era, such as Cladoselache from the Devonian period ( 416 – 359 Ma ).

A painter-poet tradition also thrived during the Yuan period, including masterful calligraphy, for example Ni Zan and Wu Zhen.

Sea breezes washed nutrients on crops planted on sand dunes, much as now is done through roots in hydroponic gardens, and cotton and tobacco thrived ; farmers from Loris, Gallivant ’ s Ferry, Florence and other low-country towns bought land on the coast for practical reasons and then spent summers with their families there, rather than stay in the hellish heat and sand fleas of their main farms.

While Charlotte thrived as a stage coach hub for much of the 19th-century, the arrival of the railroad in the latter half of the century shifted the area's industrial focus to Dickson, several miles to the southwest.

Cuero thrived through much of the late 19th and early 20th centuries by the introduction and practice of turkey ranching in the area.

For 28 years, from 1902 to 1930, the company thrived and during much of that time enjoyed the distinction of being the city's largest employer.

They thrived in New Zealand and went on to destroy much of the country's native forests.

The Quayside has also seen much redevelopment and has been transformed into a peaceful open space, the centrepiece of which is a sculpture commemorating the industry which once thrived there.

On the Iberian peninsula, Jews lived under the governments of first the Romans and subsequently the Germanic Visigoths where they at first thrived, being treated much the same as their non-Jewish neighbors.

This industry thrived in Scotland, creating much wealth for Young.

One of the oldest buildings in the parish is Great House Farmhouse, a listed building at Grade II * built up from a late medieval structure in the Tudor period just west of the town ; whilst mixed agriculture provided a lucrative industry for centuries, much of the population of Southwater originated from the workforce of the brick industry which thrived in the clay-pits until the 1980s.

During this time, much of North America was covered with warm, shallow seas where shellfish thrived.

Anji thrived on making money, but also understood that possessions only gave one so much happiness.

In the 1860s, a drought forced Del Valle to sell off much of his land, but Camulos not only survived, but thrived.

For much of the 20th century, Collinwood thrived due in large part to heavy industry.

His congregation thrived during much of his pastorate as he exercised considerable talents as a preacher, evangelist, leader and organizer.