If Rømer had known the diameter of the Earth's orbit, he would have calculated a speed of 227, 000, 000 m / s.

If the Earth's axis were not tilted toward the sun, a vertical rod at the equator would have no shadow.

If they both used the Attic stadion of about 185 meters, then the older estimate is 1 / 6 too large, and Ptolemy's value is 1 / 6 too small, a difference explained as due to ancient scientists ' use of simple methods of measuring the earth, which were corrupted either high or low by a factor of 5 / 6, due to air's bending of horizontal light rays by 1 / 6 of the Earth's curvature.

If the body is close enough to its primary, this can result in a rotation which is tidally locked to the orbital motion, as in the case of the Earth's moon.

If it were in the form of 1 mm particles, each with the same albedo ( reflecting power ) as Earth's moon, each particle would be 8 km from its neighbors.

" If the half-life of a nuclide is comparable to, or greater than, the Earth's age ( 4. 5 billion years ), a significant amount will have survived since the formation of the Solar System, and then is said to be primordial.

If this was the case, Earth's free oxygen may have been nearly or totally depleted during a severe ice age circa 750 to 580 million years ago ( mya ).

If a solar eclipse occurs at one new moon, which must be close to a node, then at the next full moon the Moon is already more than a day past its opposite node, and may or may not miss the Earth's shadow.

If the fault plane terminates before it reaches the Earth's surface, it is referred to as a blind thrust fault.

If the light is turned on and off at the frequency corresponding to the Earth's field, there is a change in the signal seen at the photo detector.

If the aether were stationary relative to the Sun, Michelson expected ( using his incorrect formula ) that the Earth's motion would produce a fringe shift 4 % the size of a single fringe of yellow light.

If only the Earth's land area of 150 million km < sup > 2 </ sup > ( 58 million sq.

If a line is drawn parallel to the moment of the best-fitting magnetic dipole, the two positions where it intersects the Earth's surface are called the North and South geomagnetic poles.

If the Earth's magnetic field were perfectly dipolar, the geomagnetic poles and magnetic dip poles would coincide and compasses would point towards them.

If the Earth's dynamo shut off, the dipole part would disappear in a few tens of thousands of years.

If a perched aquifer's flow intersects the Earth's dry surface, at a valley wall for example, the water is discharged as a spring.

If there are too much of these greenhouse gases, sunlight heats the Earth's surface, but the gases block the infrared radiation from exiting back to space.

If astronauts on a space mission are above the shielding effect produced the Earth's magnetic field, the radiation from a CME would also be dangerous to humans ; many future mission designs ( e. g., for a Mars Mission ) therefore incorporate a radiation-shielded " storm shelter " for astronauts to retreat to during such a radiation event.

If the object lies outside the Earth's atmosphere, as in the case of stars and planets, the phenomenon is termed astronomical scintillation ; if the luminous source lies within the atmosphere, the phenomenon is termed terrestrial scintillation.

If the antipodal points were considered to be distinct, as in spherical geometry, then uniqueness would be violated, e. g., the lines of longitude on the Earth's surface all pass through both the north pole and the south pole.

If a temperature inversion occurs, with upper air warmer than lower air, VHF and UHF radio waves can be refracted over the Earth's surface instead of following a straight-line path into space or into the ground.

If the aether theory were correct, the change in Maxwell's equations due to the Earth's motion through the aether would lead to a torque causing the plates to align perpendicular to the motion.

If such an impact occurred on land or the floor of a shallow sea, it could cause large amounts of dust or ash to be thrown into the Earth's atmosphere, blocking the Sun's light and dramatically lowering the amount of sunlight reaching the Earth's surface.

If the solar year is defined as a tropical year, then a lunisolar calendar will give an indication of the season ; if it is taken as a sidereal year, then the calendar will predict the constellation near which the full moon may occur.

If the heavier body is much more massive than the smaller, as for a satellite or small moon orbiting a planet or for the Earth orbiting the Sun, it is accurate and convenient to describe the motion in a coordinate system that is centered on the heavier body, and we say that the lighter body is in orbit around the heavier.

If the full moon occurs on a Sunday, Easter is the following Sunday.

If the full moon occurs on a Sunday, Easter is the following Sunday.

If there is an eclipse of the sun or of the moon, they shout with still louder outcries, beating the ground, skins, or mats with sticks, which shows their concerns and uneasiness.

If the satellite is more than twice as dense as the primary, as can easily be the case for a rocky moon orbiting a gas giant, then the Roche limit will be inside the primary and hence not relevant.

If this is the case, the radius of the core ( 480 km ) is about 63 % of the radius of the moon, and its mass is around 54 % of the moon's mass — the proportions are dictated by the moon's composition.

If a person sets up a camera to photograph the moon when they are not looking at it, then at best they determine that there is an image of the moon in the camera when they eventually look at it.

If the oceans were four times as deep the lunitidal interval would vanish and the tides would be in phase with the moon.

If the Tarantula Nebula was as close to Earth as the Orion Nebula, it would shine about as brightly as the full moon in the night sky.

If the change is involuntary, its cause may be a curse or spell, a wizard's or magician's or fairy's help, a deity's will, a temporal change such as a full moon or nightfall, love, or death.

If the moon were above the sun, how would the power of waxing and waning, etc., be produced from calculation of the of the moon?

If the ascription of the Shatapatha Brahmana and the Brhadaranyaka Upanishad is genuine, Yājñavalkya has made important contributions to both philosophy, including the apophatic teaching of ' neti neti ', and to astronomy, describing the 95-year cycle to synchronize the motions of the sun and the moon.

The heavenly bodies ( the heavenly host-sun, moon, and stars ) were worshiped as deities, a practice which the bible disapproves and of which righteous Job protests his innocence: " If I have looked at the sun when it shone, or the moon ... and my mouth has kissed my hand, this also would be an iniquity ..." Belief in the divinity of the heavenly bodies explains a passage in Joshua 10: 12, usually translated as Joshua asking the sun and moon to stand still, but in fact Joshua utters an incantation to ensure that the sun-god and moon-god, who supported his enemies, would not provide them with oracles.

, entitled " Rede Me and Be Not Wrothe " (" Read me and be not angry "): " If they say the moon is belewe / We must believe that it is true.

If God's representative on Earth was male, it seems logical to me that the opposite would be female, especially with the traditional symbolic association between femininity and the moon.

If a broader Atlantic community is to be formed -- and my own judgment is that it lies within the realm of both our needs and our capacity -- a ready nucleus of machinery is at hand in the NATO alliance.

If tyrosine and a system generating hydrogen peroxide are added to a cell-free homogenate of the thyroid, large quantities of free mono-iodotyrosine can be formed ( Alexander, 1959 ).

* Let Q be a set enclosed between two step regions S and T. A step region is formed from a finite union of adjacent rectangles resting on a common base, i. e. S ⊆ Q ⊆ T. If there is a unique number c such that a ( S ) ≤ c ≤ a ( T ) for all such step regions S and T, then a ( Q )

If Anne formed an attachment to Weightman it does not imply that he was attracted to her.

If so, they may have originally comprised residual Celtic elements in central eastern Europe such as the Cotini, who formed a Celtic enclave in the Germanic-speaking zone and are described by Tacitus as iron-ore miners working as tributaries of the powerful Quadi Germanic people.

If two molecules react, not only molecules of the final reaction products are formed, but also some unstable molecules, having the property of being able to further react with the parent molecules with a far larger probability than the initial reactants.

If the sheet contains regions where the number of atoms in a ring is different from six, while the total number of atoms remains the same, a topological defect has formed.

If this area is excluded then Egypt has no southern-most point, its southern border being formed by the 22nd parallel north.

If X is a set with an equivalence relation denoted by infix, then a groupoid " representing " this equivalence relation can be formed as follows:

If the king had joined, its resolutions would have received the sanction of the law ; but he refused, and approached the newly formed Roman Catholic League of lords, whose members pledged themselves to support the king, the Catholic Church, and the Council.

If a ham has been cut into pieces and molded, it must be labelled " sectioned and formed ", or " chunked and formed " if coarsely ground.

In The Origin of Species, he wrote, " If it could be demonstrated that any complex organ existed, which could not possibly have been formed by numerous, successive, slight modifications, my theory would absolutely break down.

If they formed in their current locations, their orbits must originally have been circular ; otherwise accretion ( the coalescence of smaller bodies into larger ones ) would not have been possible because the large relative velocities between planetesimals would have been too disruptive.

If at least two-thirds of the National Assembly cannot agree to vote for one presidential candidate, a People's Assembly is formed from all National Assembly delegates and regional and municipal representatives who were elected by popular vote in the most recent national election.

If a fault has lineations formed by movement on the plane, e. g. ; slickensides, this is recorded as a lineation, with a rake, and annotated as to the indication of throw on the fault.

Darwin concludes: " If it could be demonstrated that any complex organ existed, which could not possibly have been formed by numerous, successive, slight modifications, my theory would absolutely break down.

If enough stabilization occurs, an inversion layer is formed.

If the mass of the progenitor is above 8 solar masses but below 10. 5 solar masses, the core temperature suffices to fuse carbon but not neon, in which case an oxygen-neon – magnesium white dwarf may be formed.

If one considers the flux of the electric field vector, E, for a tube near a point charge in the field the charge but not containing it with sides formed by lines tangent to the field, the flux for the sides is zero and there is an equal and opposite flux at both ends of the tube.

On 17 December 1783, Fox stated in the House of Commons that " If … a change must take place, and a new ministry is to be formed and supported, not by the confidence of this House or the public, but the sole authority of the Crown, I, for one, shall not envy that hon.

If its leading edge is raked back enough, it will escape the shock wave formed at the nose of the aircraft as transonic speeds are reached, reducing drag considerably, and the center of lift moves less than on conventionally configured aircraft, reducing trim drag.

If a di-isocyanate is treated with a compound containing two or more hydroxyl groups, such as a diol or a polyol, polymer chains are formed, which are known as polyurethanes.

If the beets are to be left for later delivery, they are formed into clamps.