If are independent and identically distributed random variables, each with a standard Cauchy distribution, then the sample mean has the same standard Cauchy distribution ( the sample median, which is not affected by extreme values, can be used as a measure of central tendency ).

If the affected bits are independently chosen at random, the probability of a two-bit error being undetected is 1 / n.

If it is assumed that social change is not only affected, but in some points of view, directed by the advancement of technology, is it ethical to hold these technologies from certain people?

If one body has much greater mass than the other, its velocity will be little affected by a collision while the other body will experience a large change.

If PKU is diagnosed early enough, an affected newborn can grow up with normal brain development, but only by managing and controlling Phe levels through diet, or a combination of diet and medication.

If the state opposes, the parts of the treaty affected by the reservation drop out completely and no longer create any legal obligations on the reserving and accepting state, again only as concerns each other.

If the dangers can be localised then the affected regions can be made into parkland or green belt, often with the added benefit of open space provision.

If the area affected by the boundary includes multiple jurisdictions a special urban planning agency may be created by the state or regional government to manage the boundary.

If the tossup would have affected the outcome of the game then the question is held for reevaluation, at which time points are adjusted if necessary.

If, however, a digit is corrupted in transmission, rather than added or lost, only a single digit in the plaintext is affected and the error does not propagate to other parts of the message.

If the auditory nerve becomes damaged then the affected person will become completely deaf in one or both ears.

If a majority of those voting, as well as separate majorities in each of a majority of states, ( and where appropriate a majority of people in any affected state ) vote in favour of the amendment, it is presented for Royal Assent, given in the Queen's name by the Governor-General.

If the affected child is a genetic female, she too will be a carrier.

If one partition is corrupted, other file systems may not be affected.

If so, the IGWG will invite representatives from the affected FBI division, other federal agencies ( if appropriate ), the affected United States Attorney's office, and IGWG member agencies to meet and further review the case.

If this is so, the Sherden, pushed by Hittite expansionism of the Late Bronze Age and prompted by the famine that affected this region at the same time, may have been pushed to the Aegean islands, where shortage of space led them to seek adventure and expansion overseas.

If the exposure is singular and all of the affected individuals develop the disease over a single exposure and incubation course, it can be termed a point source outbreak.

If UV / Vis spectrophotometry is used in quantitative chemical analysis then the results are additionally affected by uncertainty sources arising from the nature of the compounds and / or solutions that are measured.

If the receptor for growth hormone is itself affected, the condition may prove harder to treat.

If this disorder comes on immediately after the first appearance of the ear, the straw is also affected — but if the grain is nearly or fully formed, injury to the straw is less discernible.

* If eyes have been affected, to irrigate with copious amounts of room-temperature tap water for at least 15 minutes, and if vision blurs or the eyes continue to tear, hurt, swell, or show light sensitivity after irrigating, or there is any concern, to see a doctor as soon as possible.

“ If we do not get this right then we risk leaving more British citizens out of work, and the most vulnerable group who will be the most affected are young people ,” he said.

If the affected region is small, it is reasonable to observe the progression of the illness as the problem often spontaneously regresses and the hair may grow back.

If love reflects the nature of man, as Ortega Y Gasset believes, if the person in love betrays decisively what he is by his behavior in love, then the writers of the beat generation are creating a new literary genre.

If you are unable to sign the request, because of illness or other good cause, another person who stands in close personal or business relationship to you may sign the request on your behalf, stating the reason why you are unable to sign.

If one characteristic distinguishes Boris Godunov, it is the consistency with which every person on the stage -- including the chorus -- comes alive in the music.

If Bridget did get any bundles of cash, the last person who would have rewarded her for services rendered would have been Lizzie Borden.

If there was such a person, I'm afraid she got away with it.

If in the first person, the document's component parts are:

If the good deeds of the person outweigh the bad, the soul is worthy of paradise.

If the replica had all the same experiences, traits, and physical appearances of the first person, we would all attribute the same identity to the second, according to Hick.

* If a person not native to England comes to the throne, England will not wage war for " any dominions or territories which do not belong to the Crown of England, without the consent of Parliament.

" If there is any doubt as to whether the sick person has reached the use of reason, or is dangerously ill, or is dead, this sacrament is to be administered ".

If the sick person wishes to receive the sacrament of penance, it is preferable that the priest make himself available for this during a previous visit ; but if the sick person must confess during the celebration of the sacrament of anointing, this confession replaces the penitential rite A passage of Scripture is read, and the priest may give a brief explanation of the reading, a short litany is said, and the priest lays his hands on the head of the sick person and then says a prayer of thanksgiving over the already blessed oil or, if necessary, blesses the oil himself.

If through lack of issue, marriage or both, eventually only one person represents the claims of all the sisters, he or she can claim the dignity as a matter of right, and the abeyance is said to be terminated.

* Indivisibility of certain goods: If a person wants to buy a certain amount of another's goods, but only has for payment one indivisible unit of another good which is worth more than what the person wants to obtain, a barter transaction cannot occur.

If an injury occurs, one caver stays with the injured person while the other two go out for help, providing assistance to each other on their way out.

If a person is unstable the initial recommended treatment is intravenous atropine.

: " If anyone kills person – unless it be ( a punishment ) for murder or for spreading mischief in the land — it would be as if he killed all people.

* If the Venerable was not a martyr – all non-martyrs are " confessors " as they " confessed " or bore witness to their faith by how they lived their lives – it must be proven that a miracle has taken place by his or her intercession: that is, that God has shown a sign that the person is enjoying the Beatific Vision by God performing a miracle in response to the Blessed's prayers.

If a person has one or both parents who are citizens of a given state, then the person is normally a citizen of that state as well.

If it is a matter of urgency or the contempt was done in front of a judge, that person can be punished immediately.

If, after that, they breach the order, proceedings can be started and in theory the person involved can be sent to prison.

If a person is to be punished criminally, then the contempt must be proven beyond a reasonable doubt, but once the charge is proven, then punishment ( such as a fine or, in more serious cases, imprisonment ) is imposed unconditionally.