If such is the case, the particles within a distance of about Af of the Earth will have, relative to the Earth, a kinetic energy less than their potential energy and they will be captured into orbits about the Earth.

Theorem: If K < sub > 1 </ sub > and K < sub > 2 </ sub > are the complexity functions relative to description languages L < sub > 1 </ sub > and L < sub > 2 </ sub >, then there is a constant c – which depends only on the languages L < sub > 1 </ sub > and L < sub > 2 </ sub > chosen – such that

If light moves instantaneously, the telescope does not move, and the true direction of the star relative to the observer can be found by following the line ES.

If the relative priorities of these substituents need to be established, R takes priority over S. When this happens, the descriptor of the stereocenter is a lowercase letter ( r or s ) instead of the uppercase letter normally used.

If the orientation of the tangent relative to some starting position is θ ( s ), then ρ ( s ) is defined by the derivative dθ / ds:

If the index finger of the right hand is pointed forward, the middle finger bent inward at a right angle to it, and the thumb placed at a right angle to both, the three fingers indicate the relative directions of the x -, y -, and z-axes in a right-handed system.

If these three home construction projects were measured with the same PV valuations, the relative schedule performance of the projects can be easily compared.

If the cooling is sufficiently rapid ( relative to the characteristic crystallization time ) then crystallization is prevented and instead the disordered atomic configuration of the supercooled liquid is frozen into the solid state at T < sub > g </ sub >.

If the length of the intervals on the x-axis are all 1, then a histogram is identical to a relative frequency plot.

# Affordable premium: If the likelihood of an insured event is so high, or the cost of the event so large, that the resulting premium is large relative to the amount of protection offered, it is not likely that the insurance will be purchased, even if on offer.

If an officer were incapable, even if he were a close relative of the ruler, he ought to be demoted, even if it meant poverty.

If they formed in their current locations, their orbits must originally have been circular ; otherwise accretion ( the coalescence of smaller bodies into larger ones ) would not have been possible because the large relative velocities between planetesimals would have been too disruptive.

If the constituency is in a jurisdiction using list PR in its multimember districts ( MMDs ) the winning candidate needs a relative majority of the votes to win, so that the election in the SMD is by first-past-the-post.

If these relative frequencies are to define the probability, the probability will be slightly different every time it is measured.

If the instrument is designed to measure the spectrum in absolute units rather than relative units, then it is typically called a spectrophotometer.

If vellum is stored in an environment with less than 11 % relative humidity, it becomes fragile, brittle, and susceptible to mechanical stresses ; if it is stored in an environment with greater than 40 % relative humidity, it becomes vulnerable to gelation and to mold or fungus growth.

If a substance's relative density is less than one then it is less dense than the reference ; if greater than 1 then it is denser than the reference.

If the relative density is exactly 1 then the densities are equal ; that is, equal volumes of the two substances have the same mass.

If the reference material is water then a substance with a relative density ( or specific gravity ) less than 1 will float in water.

" If a magnetic sail orients at an angle relative to the solar wind, charged particles are deflected preferentially to one side and the magnetic sail is pushed laterally.

If this is so, conventional relativistic effects such as time dilation would not apply in the way they would in the case of a ship moving at a very great velocity through flat spacetime, relative to other objects.

If the phase delay varies with frequency, harmonics may be sharpened or flattened relative to the fundamental frequency.

If a strong lens produces multiple images, there will be a relative time delay between two paths: that is, in one image the lensed object will be observed before the other image.

If the verbal expression of modality involves the use of an auxiliary verb, that auxiliary is called a modal verb.

If differential mode attenuation occurs, modal noise results.

If pathetic fallacies are to be strictly and absolutely avoided, then explanations of natural phenomena should be free of the inappropriate modal force introduced by words like " want " or " try ".

In a similar way as there is no real entity to make true the sentence " If it had rained yesterday, the floor would have been wet " or any other counterfactual sentence ( unless modal realism is correct ).

If is a modal formula with only one propositional variable, then a modal fixed point of is a sentence such that

* Modal Necessitarianism ( associated with Saul Kripke ), argues for the veracity of the modal system " Triv " ( If P is true, then P must be true ).

If the verb is in the present perfect, for example, the tag question uses has or have ; if the verb is in a present progressive form, the tag is formed with am, are, is ; if the verb is in a tense which does not normally use an auxiliary, like the present simple, the auxiliary is taken from the emphatic do form ; and if the sentence has a modal auxiliary, this is echoed in the tag:

The modal would ( sometimes should as a first-person alternative ) is used to produce the conditional construction which is typically used in clauses of this type: If you loved me, you would support me.

When the clause has past time reference, the construction with the modal plus perfect infinitive ( see above ) is used: If they ( had ) wanted to do it, they would ( could / might ) have done it by now.

When they express a desired event in the near future, the modal would is used: I wish you would visit me ; If only he would give me a sign.

If a liturgical character is produced by the use of modal scales even before the chorus's entrance ( in measures 12 – 13, the piano plays an F-dorian scale and in measures 15 – 16, the piano plays in the E-phrygian mode ), it was not a conscious decision:

`` If the day should ever come that foreign invaders swarm ashore along the Gulf Coast '', the account reads, `` they can count on heavy opposition from a group of commando-trained telephone employees -- all girls.

If coffee is sold at the cafeteria, let a few workers in each department get it for the whole group.

If the change, at first sight, seems minor, we may recall that it took the Italian painters about two hundred years to make an analogous change, and the Italian painters, by universal consent, were the most brilliant group of geniuses any art has seen.

If the automorphisms of an object X form a set ( instead of a proper class ), then they form a group under composition of morphisms.

If the joining of monomers takes place at such a carbon atom, the free hydroxy group of the pyranose or furanose form is exchanged with an OH-side-chain of another sugar, yielding a full acetal.

If the amino group is removed from an amino acid, it leaves behind a carbon skeleton called an α-keto acid.

If a bubble touches identically-colored bubbles, forming a group of three or more, those bubbles — as well as any bubbles hanging from them — are removed from the field of play, and points are awarded.

If the Bastarnae remained an identifiable group, it is highly likely that they participated in the vast Gothic-led migration, driven by Hunnic pressure, that was admitted into Moesia by emperor Valens in 376 and eventually defeated and killed Valens at Adrianople in 378.

* If G is a locally compact Hausdorff topological group and μ its Haar measure, then the Banach space L < sup > 1 </ sup >( G ) of all μ-integrable functions on G becomes a Banach algebra under the convolution xy ( g ) = ∫ x ( h ) y ( h < sup >− 1 </ sup > g ) dμ ( h ) for x, y in L < sup > 1 </ sup >( G ).

If the carbonyl group is an aldehyde, the monosaccharide is an aldose ; if the carbonyl group is a ketone, the monosaccharide is a ketose.

If there is a tie, we must consider the atoms at distance 2 from the stereocenter — as a list is made for each group of the atoms bonded to the one directly attached to the stereocenter.

If the addition of a functional group takes place at the less substituted carbon atom of the double bond, then the electrophilic substitution with acids is not possible.

If n ≥ 1 and is an integer, the numbers coprime to n, taken modulo n, form a group with multiplication as operation ; it is written as ( Z / nZ )< sup >×</ sup > or Z < sub > n </ sub >< sup >*</ sup >.

If G is a group, and g is a fixed element of G, then the conjugation map

If a group has an involution with a 2-component that is a group of Lie type of odd characteristic, the goal is to show that it has a centralizer of involution in " standard form " meaning that a centralizer of involution has a component that is of Lie type in odd characteristic and also has a centralizer of 2-rank 1.

If a database cannot tolerate even such smaller probability of data loss, then the RAID group itself is replicated ( mirrored ).

If a database cannot tolerate even such smaller probability of data loss, then the RAID group itself is replicated ( mirrored ).

* If we think of as the group of real numbers under addition, then the direct product still consists of.

If the ether is part of a more complex molecule, it is described as an alkoxy substituent, so-OCH < sub > 3 </ sub > would be considered a " methoxy -" group.

If there is another functional group at a carbon, it may be named with the Greek letter, e. g., the gamma-amine in gamma-aminobutanoic acid is on the third carbon of the carbon chain attached to the carboxylic acid group.

Likewise, a functor from G to the category of vector spaces, Vect < sub > K </ sub >, is a linear representation of G. In general, a functor G → C can be considered as an " action " of G on an object in the category C. If C is a group, then this action is a group homomorphism.