If a source emits a known luminous intensity I < sub > v </ sub > ( in candelas ) in a well-defined cone, the total luminous flux Φ < sub > v </ sub > in lumens is given by

If the source emits light uniformly in all directions, the flux can be found by multiplying the intensity by 4π: a uniform 1 candela source emits 12. 6 lumens.

If the combustion takes place using air as the oxygen source, the nitrogen can be added to the equation, as and although it does not react, to show the composition of the flue gas:

If the glass is cooled quickly in the absence of a strong light source by putting ice on the glass or placing it in the freezer with the door almost closed, it turns backwards ( i. e. the silver sides trail ).

If the divergence is nonzero at some point then there must be a source or sink at that position.

If the source of Φ ( r ) is a dipole, as it is assumed here, this term is the only non-vanishing term in the multipole expansion of Φ ( r ).

If the source is located at an arbitrary source point, denoted by the vector and the field point is located at the point, then we may represent the scalar Green's function ( for arbitrary source location ) as:

If waves are emitted from an extended source, this can lead to incoherence in the transversal direction.

If the observer is at a lower gravitational potential than the source, a gravitational blueshift can be observed instead.

If the depletion region expands to completely close the channel, the resistance of the channel from source to drain becomes large, and the FET is effectively turned off like a switch.

If drain-to-source voltage is increased, this creates a significant asymmetrical change in the shape of the channel due to a gradient of voltage potential from source to drain.

If drain-to-source voltage is increased further, the pinch-off point of the channel begins to move away from the drain towards the source.

If a laser is swept across a distant object, the spot of laser light can easily be made to move across the object at a speed greater than c. Similarly, a shadow projected onto a distant object can be made to move across the object faster than c. In neither case does the light travel from the source to the object faster than c, nor does any information travel faster than light.

If f is an element of G ( x, y ) then x is called the source of f, written s ( f ), and y the target of f ( written t ( f )).

If the DNA is to be used after separation on the agarose gel, it is best to avoid exposure to UV light by using a blue light excitation source such as the XcitaBlue UV to blue light conversion screen from Bio-Rad or Dark Reader from Clare Chemicals.

If the political situation stabilizes, high crime levels wane, and new investment increases, tourism could take its place next to export-oriented manufacturing ( the assembly sector ) as a potential source of foreign exchange.

If an inductor is connected to a direct current source with value I via a resistance R, and then the current source is short-circuited, the differential relationship above shows that the current through the inductor will discharge with an exponential decay:

If the resulting TTL is 0, the packet is discarded and an ICMP Time To Live exceeded in transit message is sent to the datagram's source address.

If this process is the source of our feelings about justice, that ought to undermine our confidence in them.

If one considers a small fluorescent light source ( essentially a bright spot ), light coming from this spot spreads out the further out of focus one is.

If a clot is large enough to block one or both femoral arteries, there may be hind leg paralysis because the major source of blood flow to the hind leg is blocked.

If a child watched its progress he whispered, `` Hay, hay, load of hay -- make a wish and turn away '', and then stared rigidly in the opposite direction until the sound of the horses' feet returned no more.

If the argument is accepted as essentially sound up to this point, it remains for us to consider whether the patient's difficulties in orienting himself spatially and in locating objects in space with the sense of touch can be explained by his defective visual condition.

If he is not told which of four or five readings was meant for him, he can more readily assess each item in a larger frame: `` Does that statement really sound as if it were for me, significant in my particular life??

If, for example, a string sounds the note C when plucked, a string twice as long will sound the same note an octave lower.

If the player concentrates on hearing the ma between each hit, in addition to the hits themselves, he or she will create a much more effective and satisfying sound.

If this sounds like hyperbole, anything about Fermi is likely to sound like hyperbole ".

If the sound of the word is emphasized during the encoding process, the cue that should be used should also put emphasis on the phonetic quality of the word.

If some specific deductive system of first-order logic is sound and complete, then is it " perfect " ( a formula is provable iff it is a semantic consequence of the axioms ), thus equivalent to any other deductive system with the same quality ( any proof in one system can be converted into the other ).

If the bell was sounded in close association with their meal, the dogs learned to associate the sound of the bell with food.

In the 1990s after a Motörhead show at Hultsfred, Sweden a radio reporter asked Lemmy " If you were to play here again in ten years, how do you think you would sound?

If the consonant is voiced, the voicing is the only sound made during occlusion ; if it is voiceless, a stop is completely silent.

If I can ’ t get that sound I can ’ t play anything.

If a trill is made with the tip of the tongue against the upper gum, it is called an apical ( tongue-tip ) alveolar trill ; the IPA symbol for this sound is.

If fricative, the sound is often impressionistically described as harsh or grating.

If T is a theory whose objects of discourse can be interpreted as natural numbers, we say T is arithmetically sound if all theorems of T are actually true about the standard mathematical integers.

If it is smoked too quickly, it can produce excess moisture causing a gurgling sound in the pipe and an uncomfortable sensation on the tongue ( referred to as " pipe tongue ", or more commonly, " tongue bite ").

If a person ‘ synthesizes ’ a ‘ jet plane landing ’ sound, this is achieved mostly by altering the shape of the mouth to filter the white noise into pink noise by removing the higher frequencies.

If properly done, though, abstract interpretation is sound ( every property true of the abstract system can be mapped to a true property of the original system ).

If the BFO frequency is off, the output signal will be frequency-shifted ( up or down ), making speech sound strange and " Donald Duck "- like, or unintelligible.

If a previous sound change causes X, Y > Y ( features X and Y merge as Y ), a new one cannot affect only original X's.

Sound change is exceptionless: If a sound change can happen at a place, it will.

If the change of a sequence of fricatives such that one becomes a stop is dissimilation, then such changes as Proto-Germanic * χs to ( spelled x ) in English would count as a regular sound law: PGmc.

If a sound absorbing sheet is slid in between the prongs of a vibrating fork, reducing the waves reaching the ear from one prong, the volume heard will actually increase, due to a reduction of this cancellation.

If the gesture is abductory and is part of a speech sound, the sound will be called voiceless.