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If the temperature gradient operator is less than one, the mean temperature gradient is smaller than the critical gradient and the stack operates as a heat pump.
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If and temperature
If the temperature is controlled properly, the avocado will delay its ripening until needed.
If the steel is cooled slowly, the iron will gradually change into its low temperature allotrope.
# If adiabats and isotherms are graphed severally at regular changes of entropy and temperature, respectively ( like altitude on a contour map ), then as the eye moves towards the axes ( towards the south-west ), it sees the density of isotherms stay constant, but it sees the density of adiabats grow.
If the slowing down of certain seismic waves caused by the damp spot helped uncover the underground ocean, the unusual temperature variation with depth measured in 241 inactive oil wells helped locate the subterranean river.
If the pressure in a system remains constant ( isobaric ), a vapor at saturation temperature will begin to condense into its liquid phase as thermal energy ( heat ) is removed.
If the heat of vaporization and the vapor pressure of a liquid at a certain temperature is known, the normal boiling point can be calculated by using the Clausius-Clapeyron equation thus:
If the ambient temperature exceeds T < sub > m </ sub >, the homologous pairing of the sticky ends would not be stable because the high temperature disrupts hydrogen bonding.
If an ideal thermally conductive blackbody was the same distance from the Sun as the Earth is, it would have a temperature of about 5. 3 ° C.
If black holes have a finite entropy, they should also have a finite temperature.
If we neglect the possibility of overlapping states, which is valid if the temperature is high, then the number of times we count each state is approximately N < nowiki >!</ nowiki >.
If the temperature rise is too high, thermal motion will destroy the delicate cooperative ordering of the LC phase, pushing the material into a conventional isotropic liquid phase.
If the air density and temperature are the same above and below a wing, a naive application of the ideal gas law requires that the pressure also be the same.
If the gas pressure is reduced, the cooling effect will decrease, hence the equilibrium temperature of the wire will increase.
: If the temperature T of a body is quantified as 300 kelvin ( in which T is the quantity symbol, 300 the value, and K is the unit ), this is written
If kept in too warm a temperature, both mature and new potatoes will sprout and shrivel.
If the piston is slowly lowered, the system will trace a curve of increasing temperature and pressure within the gas region of the phase diagram.
If a reactor needs to be frequently shut down, NaK is used ; due to it being liquid at room temperature, cooling pipes do not freeze.
# If all the particles are identical ( same energy barrier and same magnetic moment ), their easy axes are all oriented parallel to the applied field and the temperature is low enough ( T < sub > B </ sub > < T ≲ KV /( 10 k < sub > B </ sub >)), then the magnetization of the assembly is.
# If all the particles are identical and the temperature is high enough ( T ≳ KV / k < sub > B </ sub >), then, irrespective of the orientations of the easy axes:
If the star temperature has been determined by a majority of absorption lines, unusual absences or strengths of lines for a certain element may indicate an unusual chemical composition of the photosphere.
If this increased rate of injection ... should raise the present background opacity by a factor of 4, our calculations suggest a decrease in global temperature by as much as 3. 5 ° C.
If the turbine uses a gas which is liquid at room temperature then you can use a condenser after the exhaust to increase the pressure difference.
So If a third metal is inserted in either wire and if the two new junctions are at the same temperature, there will be no net voltage generated by the new metal.
If ' is positive, the resistance increases with increasing temperature, and the device is called a positive temperature coefficient ( PTC ) thermistor, or posistor.
If and gradient
If we use a cylindrical coordinate system with basis vectors, then the gradient of and the divergence of are given by
If the impermeable rocks stop the vertical flow, the west to east gradient of the topography directs it to flow towards the Atlantic Ocean.
If drain-to-source voltage is increased, this creates a significant asymmetrical change in the shape of the channel due to a gradient of voltage potential from source to drain.
If water-saturated zones still exist in sediments under the volcano, they would likely have been kept warm by a high geothermal gradient and residual heat from the volcano's magma chamber.
If high salt concentrations are seen within the vacuole, a high concentration gradient will be established between the vacuole and the cytoplasm, leading to high levels of energy investment to maintain this state.
If several spatially distributed charges generate such an electric potential, e. g. in a solid, an electric field gradient may also be defined.
If the varying property is a concentration gradient, it is known as solutal convection.
If f is differentiable at every point in some domain, then the gradient is a vector-valued function ∇ f which takes the point a to the vector ∇ f ( a ).
If all the partial derivatives of a function are known ( for example, with the gradient ), then the antiderivatives can be matched via the above process to reconstruct the original function up to a constant.
If the vertical temperature gradient is + 12. 9 ° C per 100 meters ( where the positive sign means temperature gets hotter as one goes higher ), then horizontal light rays will just follow the curvature of the Earth, and the horizon will appear flat.
If the gradient is less ( as it almost always is ) the rays are not bent enough and get lost in space, which is the normal situation of a spherical, convex " horizon ".
If, in a process of change of state of a closed system, the energy transfer is not under a practically zero temperature gradient and practically frictionless, then the process is irreversible.
If each stream changes its property to be 50 % closer to that of the opposite stream's inlet condition, exchange will stop when the point of equilibrium is reached, and the gradient has declined to zero.
If the two flows are not equal, for example if heat is being transferred from water to air or vice-versa, then, similar to concurrent exchange systems, a variation in the gradient is expected because of a buildup of the property not being transferred properly.
If a surface S is given implicitly as the set of points satisfying, then, a normal at a point on the surface is given by the gradient
If is continuously differentiable then the hypersurface is a differentiable manifold in the neighbourhood of the points where the gradient is not null.
If are the usual orthogonal Cartesian coordinates, the i th row ( i = 1, ..., m ) of this matrix corresponds to the gradient of the i < sup > th </ sup > component function F < sub > i </ sub >:.
If instead one takes steps proportional to the positive of the gradient, one approaches a local maximum of that function ; the procedure is then known as gradient ascent.
If the wind gradient is significant or sudden,
If the wind shear is of sufficient magnitude, a bird can climb into the wind gradient, trading ground speed for height, while maintaining airspeed.
If the gradient is steep, active transport of materials down the fan creates a moving substrate that is inhospitable to travel on foot or wheels.
; Angle from a tangent gradient: If the tangent is expressed as a percentage, the angle can be determined as:
If the temperature gradient operator exceeds one, the mean temperature gradient is larger than the critical temperature gradient and the stack operates as a prime mover.
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