Students of Imam Malik established the Maliki school of which a majority now can be found in North Africa and some Persian gulf states.

Imam Malik, whose real name was Abu Abdullah, Malik bin Anas, was born in Medina in the year 715 AD.

Imam Malik was attracted to the study of law, and devoted himself to the study of fiqh.

Scholars of Islam, such as Sheikh al-Islam Imam Malik, and Imam Shafi amongst others, ruled that Islam disallowed homosexual activity and ordained capital punishment for a person guilty of it.

In the context of Islamic Law Imam Malik and the Hanafi scholars are assumed to have differentiated between the two: for example Imam Malik is said to have rejected some traditions that reached him because, according to him, they were against the " established practice of the people of Medina ".

The traditional chronology places Surah 9 as the last or second-to-last surah revealed, thus, in traditional exegesis, it gains a large power of abrogation, and verses 9: 5, 29, 73 are held to have abrogated 2: 256 The ahadith also play a major role in this, and different schools of thought assign different weightings and rulings of authenticity to different hadith, with the four schools of Sunni thought accepting the Six Authentic Collections, generally along with the Muwatta Imam Malik.

* The Imam Ali Mosque in Iraq is rebuilt by Malik Shah I in 1086 after it was destroyed by fire.

* Imam Malik, one of the most respected scholars of Islam

* The Imam Ali Mosque in Najaf is rebuilt by the Seljuk Malik Shah I after being destroyed by fire.

Eminent scholars of Islam, such as Sheikh ul-Islam Imam Malik, and Imam Shafi amongst others, ruled that Islam disallowed homosexuality and ordained capital punishment for a person guilty of it.

They follow any one of the four ; Imam Abu Hanifa, Imam Shafi, Imam Malik, and Imam Ahmad bin Hanbal, but they primarily follow Hanafi school of fiqh.

Imam Malik ibn Anas, the founder of another school of law, was also flogged during his rule, but al-Mansur himself did not condone this – in fact, it was his cousin, who was the governor of Madinah at the time, who did so.

Al-Mansur, in turn, punished his cousin, and retributed Imam Malik.

" Imam Malik ibn Anas referred to kalam in the Islamic religion as being " detested ", and that whoever " seeks the religion through kalam will deviate ".

* Biography of Imam Malik

Mālik ibn Anas ibn Mālik ibn Abī ' Āmir al-Asbahī ( Arabic مالك بن أنس ) ( c. 711 – 795 ) ( 93 AH – 179 AH ) is known as " Imam Malik ," the " Sheikh of Islam ", the " Proof of the Community ," and " Imam of the Abode of Emigration.

** Al-Kayyal, a Mutakallim: al-Razi wrote a book on about his Theory of the Imam.

He wrote a letter to Imam Muhammad al-Mahdi, asking for prayer for him to have a child, as doctors had told him he could not have one.

Islamic scholar al-Nawawi wrote in his Commentary on Sahih Muslim that Imam Shafi ` i and those who agree to his doctrine in fiqh see in this hadith a proof for praying in absence over a dead Muslim.

In May 2004 the journalist Salam Karam wrote an article in Svenska Dagbladet where he alleged that the mosque had deliberately mistranslated and / or left out controversial parts of the Arabic – Swedish translations of the sermons held in the mosque by Imam Hassan Moussa.

* Al-Muwatta ' of Imam Malik

In Al-Muwatta, Imam Malik ibn Anas says: " It reached me that the Prophet said: '( Try to ) keep to the straight path although you won't be able to do so completely ; and know that the best of your deeds is salah, and only a ( true ) believer preserves his wudhu.

The lahoot salbi or " negative theology " involves the use of ta ' til, which means " negation ," and the followers of the Mu ' tazili school of Kalam, founded by Imam Wasil ibn Ata, are often called the Mu ' attili, because they are frequent users of the ta ' til methodology.

A physician by the name of Sayyed Imam Al-Sharif or " Dr. Fadl " was head of EIJ for some time, although eventually, Ayman al-Zawahiri, " whose leadership style was autocratic ," would take over.

" Imam Ahmad ibn Hanbal also spoke strongly against kalam, stating his view that no one looks into kalam unless there is " corruption in his heart ," and even went so far as to prohibit sitting with people practicing kalam even if they were defending the Sunnah, and instructing his students to warn against any person they saw practicing kalam.

: Within a compass of two hundred pages it proclaims unequivocally the existence and oneness of a personal God, unknowable, inaccessible, the source of all Revelation, eternal, omniscient, omnipresent and almighty ; asserts the relativity of religious truth and the continuity of Divine Revelation ; affirms the unity of the Prophets, the universality of their Message, the identity of their fundamental teachings, the sanctity of their scriptures, and the twofold character of their stations ; denounces the blindness and perversity of the divines and doctors of every age ; cites and elucidates the allegorical passages of the New Testament, the abstruse verses of the Qur ' án, and the cryptic Muhammadan traditions which have bred those age-long misunderstandings, doubts and animosities that have sundered and kept apart the followers of the world's leading religious systems ; enumerates the essential prerequisites for the attainment by every true seeker of the object of his quest ; demonstrates the validity, the sublimity and significance of the Báb's Revelation ; acclaims the heroism and detachment of His disciples ; foreshadows, and prophesies the world-wide triumph of the Revelation promised to the people of the Bayán ; upholds the purity and innocence of the Virgin Mary ; glorifies the Imams of the Faith of Muhammad ; celebrates the martyrdom, and lauds the spiritual sovereignty, of the Imam Husayn ; unfolds the meaning of such symbolic terms as " Return ," " Resurrection ," " Seal of the Prophets " and " Day of Judgment "; adumbrates and distinguishes between the three stages of Divine Revelation ; and expatiates, in glowing terms, upon the glories and wonders of the " City of God ," renewed, at fixed intervals, by the dispensation of Providence, for the guidance, the benefit and salvation of all mankind.

" Imam Ahmad ibn Hanbal also spoke strongly against kalam, stating his view that no one looks into kalam unless there is " corruption in his heart ," and even went so far as to prohibit sitting with people practicing kalam even if they were defending the Sunnah, and instructing his students to warn against any person they saw practicing kalam.

Imam Ahmad is one of the most celebrated Sunni theologians, often referred to as " Sheikh ul-Islam " or the " Imam of Ahl al-Sunnah ," honorifics given to the most esteemed doctrinal authorities in the Sunni tradition.

He immediately embraced the Imam, referring to him as " my master ," and kissed him on the forehead.

The Imam, having almost suffered a heat stroke, recited the Qur ' anic verse ," Enjoy yourself in your abode for three days, that is a promise not to be belied.

A third dream sequence presents the figure of a fanatic expatriate religious leader, the " Imam ," in a late-20th-century setting.

It also controls the paramilitary Basij militia which has about 90, 000 active personnel, and in recent years has developed into a " multibillion-dollar business empire ," and is reportedly the " third-wealthiest organization in Iran " after the National Iranian Oil Company and the Imam Reza Endowment.

Hence, the kalma required further confession the third phrase “ Ali-un-vali-ul-lah ”, means “ Ali is his ( Mohammad ’ s ) “ Wali " ," vasi ", the real care taker, stressing the need that for continuation of faith there is requirement of “ Wali ”, which is one and only “ Imam after Imam ”, which are really taking care of Islam, hence this is also known as the confession of " Imamat ".

To show their appreciation and affection, the Ismā ' īliyya weighed their Imam in gold, diamonds and, symbolically, in platinum, respectively, the proceeds of which were used to further develop major social welfare and development institutions in Asia and Africa.

" Ever since the time of my ancestor Ali, the first Imam, that is to say over a period of thirteen hundred years, it has always been the tradition of our family that each Imam chooses his successor at his absolute and unfettered discretion from amongst any of his descendants, whether they be sons or remote male issue and in these circumstances and in view of the fundamentally altered conditions in the world in very recent years due to the great changes which have taken place including the discoveries of atomic science, I am convinced that it is in the best interest of the Shia Muslim Ismailia Community that I should be succeeded by a young man who has been brought up and developed during recent years and in the midst of the new age and who brings a new outlook on life to his office as Imam.

During the protracted Ethiopian-Adal War ( 1529 – 1559 ), Imam Ahmad ibn Ibrihim al-Ghazi defeated several Ethiopian Emperors and embarked on a conquest referred to as the Futuh Al-Habash (" Conquest of Abyssinia "), which brought three-quarters of Christian Abyssinia under the power of the Muslim Adal Sultanate.

The Unitarian Druze movement, which existed in the Fatimid Caliphate, acknowledged az-Zahir as the Caliph, but followed Hamzah as its Imam.

This was the result of a power struggle inside of the Fatimid empire in which the Druze were viewed with suspicion because of their refusal to recognize the new Caliph, Ali az-Zahir, as their Imam.

Mihrabs should not be confused with the minbar, which is the raised platform from which an Imam ( leader of prayer ) addresses the congregation.

During the protracted Ethiopian-Adal War ( 1529 – 1559 ), Imam Ahmad ibn Ibrihim al-Ghazi defeated several Ethiopian Emperors and embarked on a conquest referred to as the Futuh Al-Habash (" Conquest of Abyssinia "), which brought three-quarters of Christian Abyssinia under the power of the Muslim Adal Sultanate.

They contend that the twelfth Imám went into concealment or occultation in 874 AD, at which time communication between the Hidden Imam and the people could only be performed through mediators called Bábs ( gates ) or Na ' ibs ( representatives ).

In Twelver Shi ' a Islamic belief there were twelve Imams, the last of which, known as Imam Mahdi, who communicated with his followers only through certain representatives.

Popular du ' as would include Jazuli's Dala ' il al-Khayrat, which at its peak spread throughout the Muslim world, and Imam al-Shadhili's Hizb al-Bahr which also had widespread appeal.

Various forms of self-denial or voluntary suffering ( commonly referred to as Ascetism ) are practiced in various ways by members of many religions, including Sufism, and Shi ' a Islam which commemorates the death of Imam Hussein, grandson of the Prophet Mohammad, in the 7th century battle of Kerbala.

It was one of the Báb's first works in which he clearly states that he is the messianic figure of the Twelfth Imam and the Mahdi which the Shi ' as were expecting.

The event, which was attended by the Pontiff, Rav Elio Toaff, Imam Abdulawahab Hussein Gomaa, and 7, 000 invited guests, was telecast on RAI, on PBS, and throughout the world, and released on DVD by WQED Multimedia Pittsburgh.

Imam al-Qushayri of the Ash ' ari school affirmed the 20 essential Attributes of God that constitute the basis of the Ash ’ ari refutation of the Mu ’ tazila and he also affirmed all of the names and attributes of Allah conveyed by valid texts, the basis for one of the Salafi critiques of the Ash ’ aris along with al-Ibanna of Abu al-Hasan al-Ash ' ari himself which also affirms the attributes of Allah.

This is strongly opposed to the extremes of either speculative philosophy as was warned against by the Imams of the Salaf, chiefly Imam Al-Shafi ' i and Imam Ahmad ibn Hanbal, or of anthropomorphism which was strongly refuted by Sheikh Ibn Taymiyyah in his monumental al ` Aqeedat al ` Wasatiyah who defined the aqeedah or ' creed ' of the Salaf to be the balanced middle path far from the extremities of the various sects prevalent in the Muslim world ..

* Parand which is intended to provide residences for the staff of Imam Khomeini International Airport.

# Works in which the aging poet idolizes Imam Ali ibn Abu Talib while there is no trace of ordered thoughts and descriptive skills.