Immobilized Metal Affinity Chromatography ( IMAC ) is useful to separate aforementioned molecules based on the relative affinity for the metal ( I. e.

* Immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography, a technique to purify proteins

Proteins are introduced into a Immobilized pH gradient gel composed of polyacrylamide, starch, or agarose where a pH gradient has been established.

Immobilized by Ophidian's disruptive powers, Krona discovered the location of the Butcher from the avarice entity, and expunged it from Atrocitus's power battery.

Immobilized free radicals, like their mobile counterparts, are highly unstable, but gain some kinetic stability because of limited mobility and steric hindrance.

: New Forms of Ugly: The Immobilized Hero in Modern Fiction.

Subtitle per online McMillan bibliography ; Willeford's New York Times obituary, " Charles Willeford, 69, Author of Crime Novels ", gives it as The Immobilized Man in Modern Literature.

A revised version of " The Immobilized Man: A New Hero In Modern Fiction ," Willeford's University of Miami master's thesis.

Typically, organic catalysts require a higher loading ( amount of catalyst per unit amount of reactant, expressed in mol % amount of substance ) than transition metal (- ion )- based catalysts, but these catalysts are usually commercially available in bulk, helping to reduce costs.

In the early 2000s, these organocatalysts were considered " new generation " and are competitive to traditional metal (- ion )- containing catalysts.

The heme group is a highly-conjugated ring system ( which allows its electrons to be very mobile ) surrounding a metal ion, which readily interconverts between the oxidation states.

For many cytochromes, the metal ion present is that of iron, which interconverts between Fe < sup > 2 +</ sup > ( reduced ) and Fe < sup > 3 +</ sup > ( oxidised ) states ( electron-transfer processes ) or between Fe < sup > 2 +</ sup > ( reduced ) and Fe < sup > 3 +</ sup > ( formal, oxidised ) states ( oxidative processes ).

In chemistry, a coordination complex or metal complex, consists of an atom or ion ( usually metallic ), and a surrounding array of bound molecules or anions, that are in turn known as ligands or complexing agents.

The number of bonds depends on the size, charge, and electron configuration of the metal ion and the ligands.

The maximum coordination number for a certain metal is thus related to the electronic configuration of the metal ion ( to be more specific, the number of empty orbitals ) and to the ratio of the size of the ligands and the metal ion.

If these three ligands and the metal ion are in one plane, the isomer is said to be meridional, or mer.

The metal of the anode will oxidize, going from an oxidation state of 0 ( in the solid form ) to a positive oxidation state and become an ion.

At the cathode, the metal ion in solution will accept one or more electrons from the cathode and the ion's oxidation state is reduced to 0.

The field ion microscope is a type of microscope that can be used to image the arrangement of atoms at the surface of a sharp metal tip.

This effect is easily explained by considering the inductive effect of the positively charged metal ion, which weakens the O-H bond of an attached water molecule, making the liberation of a proton relatively easy.

The dissociation constant, pK < sub > a </ sub >, for this reaction is more or less linearly related to the charge-to-size ratio of the metal ion.

Charge-transfer complexes can also be formed between iodine and a metal ion, in which electrons in the filled π * orbitals of iodine molecules were donated to the empty, low-lying 5s and 5d orbitals, meanwhile back donation from the metal occurs, which weakens and lengthens the I — I bond.

When considering the band structure and binding energy of a metal, it is necessary to take into account the positive potential caused by the specific arrangement of the ion cores – which is periodic in crystals.

The status of compounds in which the canonical anion has a delocalized structure in which the negative charge is shared with an atom more electronegative than carbon, as in enolates, may vary with the nature of the anionic moiety, the metal ion, and possibly the medium ; in the absence of direct structural evidence for a carbon – metal bond, such compounds are not considered to be organometallic.

A polyatomic ion, also known as a molecular ion, is a charged species ( ion ) composed of two or more atoms covalently bonded or of a metal complex that can be considered as acting as a single unit in the context of acid and base chemistry or in the formation of salts.

Affinity chromatography often utilizes a biomolecule's affinity for a metal ( Zn, Cu, Fe, etc .).

However, reduction in alkaline liquor produces the water soluble alkali metal salt of the dye, which, in this leuco form, has an affinity for the textile fibre.

The atom of another element ( usually non metal ), whose electron affinity is positive, then accepts the electron ( s ), again to attain a stable electron configuration and after accepting electron ( s ) the atom becomes an anion.

Recently a new type of protein tagging reagents called metal coded affinity tags ( MeCAT ) were introduced to label proteins quantitatively with metals, especially lanthanides.

Cysteine residues may also react with heavy metal ions ( Zn < sup > 2 +</ sup >, Cd < sup > 2 +</ sup >, Pb < sup > 2 +</ sup >, Hg < sup > 2 +</ sup >, Ag < sup >+</ sup >) because of the high affinity between the soft sulfide and the soft metal ( see hard and soft acids and bases ).

The chelate effect describes the enhanced affinity of chelating ligands for a metal ion compared to the affinity of a collection of similar nonchelating ( monodentate ) ligands for the same metal.

In The Silmarillion, the Elf Lord Eol is described as having a special affinity for a black meteoric metal known as Galvorn.

Affinity media contain bound metal ions, either nickel or cobalt to which the polyhistidine-tag binds with micromolar affinity.

This technique works by allowing proteins with an affinity for metal ions to be retained in a column containing immobilized metal ions, such as cobalt, nickel, copper for the purification of histidine containing proteins or peptides, iron, zinc or gallium for the purification of phosphorylated proteins or peptides.

Many naturally occurring proteins do not have an affinity for metal ions, therefore recombinant DNA technology can be used to introduce such a protein tag into the relevant gene.

More commonly, scientists incorporate a six histidine tag on the c-terminus of the scFv molecule and purify them using immobilized metal affinity chromatography ( IMAC ).

Thiols are frequently used on noble metal substrates because of the strong affinity of sulfur for these metals.

Therefore, a superatom with one more electron than a full shell should give up that electron very easily, similar to an alkali metal, and a cluster with one electron short of full shell should have a large electron affinity, such as a halogen.

There is an increasing trend of using ICP-MS as a tool in speciation analysis, which normally involves a front end chromatograph separation and an elemental selective detector, such as AAS and ICP-MS. For example, ICP-MS may be combined with size exclusion chromatography and quantitative preparative native continuous polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis ( QPNC-PAGE ) for identifying and quantifying native metal cofactor containing proteins in biofluids.

The Secretary of the Interior or any duly authorized representative shall be entitled to admission to, and to require reports from the operator of, any metal or nonmetallic mine which is in a State ( excluding any coal or lignite mine ), the products of which regularly enter commerce or the operations of which substantially affect commerce, for the purpose of gathering data and information necessary for the study authorized in the first section of this Act.

Another recent achievement was the successful development of a method for the complete combustion in a bomb calorimeter of a metal in fluorine when the product is relatively non-volatile.

Even here there is room for some variation, for metal surfaces vary in smoothness, absorptive capacity, and chemical reactivity.

Each teacher has in his classroom a metal file, equipped with a lock, which is used to store cumulative record folders.

Preparation of a coordination compound is often accomplished by the simple method of reacting a metal salt with a ligand in a suitable solvent such as an alcohol.

Particular interest is directed towards the condensation of these ligands with metal halides to form substituted phosphide or arside complexes.

Make sure that the metal tube through which the wire passes is in the shape of an inverted `` L '', the foot of the `` L '' about three inches long, so that the puppet can hang directly under the light.

Made of gold-plated britannium on a black metal base, it is 13. 5 in ( 34 cm ) tall, weighs 8. 5 lb ( 3. 85 kg ) and depicts a knight rendered in Art Deco style holding a crusader's sword standing on a reel of film with five spokes.

In the modern IUPAC nomenclature, the alkali metals comprise the group 1 elements, excluding hydrogen ( H ), which is nominally a group 1 element but not normally considered to be an alkali metal as it rarely exhibits behaviour comparable to that of the alkali metals.

Experiments have been conducted to attempt the synthesis of ununennium ( Uue ), which is likely to be the next member of the group, but they have all met with failure .< ref name =" link "> However, ununennium may not be an alkali metal due to relativistic effects, which are predicted to have a large influence on the chemical properties of superheavy elements.

Antimony is a silvery, lustrous gray metal that has a Mohs scale hardness of 3.

Metallic antimony is a brittle, silver-white shiny metal.

Americium is a relatively soft radioactive metal with silvery appearance.

Astatine is sometimes described as being a black solid ( assuming that it follows this trend ), or as having a metallic appearance ( if it is a metalloid or a metal ).

Steel is a metal alloy whose major component is iron, with carbon content between 0. 02 % and 2. 14 % by mass.

Alloying a metal is done by combining it with one or more other metals or non-metals that often enhance its properties.

The term alloy is used to describe a mixture of atoms in which the primary constituent is a metal.

The primary metal is called the base, the matrix, or the solvent.

When a molten metal is mixed with another substance, there are two mechanisms that can cause an alloy to form, called atom exchange and the interstitial mechanism.

With the interstitial mechanism, one atom is usually much smaller than the other, so cannot successfully replace an atom in the crystals of the base metal.

These defects are created during plastic deformation, such as hammering or bending, and are permanent unless the metal is recrystallized.

While the use of iron started to become more widespread around 1200 BC, mainly because of interruptions in the trade routes for tin, the metal is much softer than bronze.