* 1099 – First Crusade: Battle of Ascalon Crusaders under the command of Godfrey of Bouillon defeat Fatimid forces led by Al-Afdal Shahanshah.

In 1099, a Byzantine fleet of 10 ships were sent to assist the Crusaders in capturing Laodicea and other coastal towns as far as Tripoli.

This was done, and Jerusalem was taken by the Crusaders in 1099.

In 1099, Bethlehem was captured by the Crusaders, who fortified it and built a new monastery and cloister on the north side of the Church of the Nativity.

" Control of Jerusalem, and thereby the Church of the Holy Sepulchre, continued to change hands several times between the Fatimids and the Seljuk Turks ( loyal to the Abbasid caliph in Baghdad ) until the arrival of the Crusaders in 1099.

Urban II died on 29 July 1099, fourteen days after the fall of Jerusalem to the Crusaders, but before news of the event had reached Italy ; his successor was Pope Paschal II.

" Despite the Crusaders ' slaughter when they originally conquered Jerusalem in 1099, Saladin granted amnesty and free passage to all common Catholics and even to the defeated Christian army, as long as they were able to pay the aforementioned ransom ( the Greek Orthodox Christians were treated even better, because they often opposed the western Crusaders ).

* 1099: the Siege of Jerusalem by European Crusaders.

Its location has not been established, but it was destroyed by the Crusaders when they took the city and massacred the Jews and Muslims in 1099.

When the Crusaders captured Jerusalem in 1099, they used the mosque as a palace and church, but its function as a mosque was restored after its recapture by Saladin in 1187.

Crusaders temporarily capture Jerusalem in 1099.

Godfrey continued to play a minor but important role in the battles against the Muslims until the Crusaders finally reached Jerusalem in 1099.

Thus, having recovered his stature, in the middle of the year he was sent by the princes to invite Kerbogha to settle all differences by a duel which the Emir subsequently declined ; and in 1099 he appears as treasurer of the alms at the siege of Arqa ( March ), and as leader of the supplicatory processions around the walls of Jerusalem before it fell and later within Jerusalem which preceded the Crusaders ' miraculous victory at the Battle of Ascalon ( August ).

Count Girard I participated in the First Crusade in the following of Raymond IV of Toulouse, and was one of the first to set foot in Jerusalem when it was stormed by the Crusaders in 1099.

In 1099, the Crusaders captured Jerusalem, set up the Kingdom of Jerusalem and established a Latin hierarchy under a Latin Patriarch, and expelled the Orthodox Patriarch.

In 1099, the Crusaders took control of the city for less than a century, leaving its mixed Muslim, Christian and Samaritan population relatively undisturbed.

The city was captured by Crusaders in 1099, under the command of Prince Tancred, and renamed Naples.

The Crusaders established a fortress named Casal Humberti there in 1099 and there are descriptions of it and the village of az-Zeeb by Arab chroniclers in the 12th and 13th centuries, just prior to and during the rule of the Mamluks in the region.

With the arrival of the Crusaders in 1099, the village was reestablished as " Casal Imbertia " or " Lambertie ".

It was retaken by the Arabs, and then successively held by the Greeks, the Armenians, the Seljuk Turks ( 1087 ), the Crusaders ( 1099 ), who established there the County of Edessa and kept the city until 1144, when it was again captured by the Turk Zengi, and most of its inhabitants were slaughtered together with the Latin archbishop ( see Siege of Edessa ).

The Crusaders occupied the city in 1099 and named it St. Jorge de Lidde.

Al-Damun was captured by the Crusaders, who referred to it as " Damar " during their invasion of Levant in 1099, and remained in their hands unlike most of Palestine which was conquered by the Ayyubids under Saladin in 1187.

Hamama was located near the site of a battle between the Crusaders and the Fatimids in 1099, resulting in a Crusader victory.

The crusaders arrived at Jerusalem in June 1099 ; a few of the neighbouring towns ( Ramla, Lydda, Bethlehem, and others ) were taken first, and Jerusalem itself was captured on July 15.

In 1099, the Crusader Tancred captured Galilee and established his capital in Nazareth.

The knights arrived at Jerusalem, launched an assault on the city, and captured it in July 1099, massacring many of the city's Muslim and Jewish inhabitants.

He marched from Ma ' arrat, which had been captured in December 1098, into the emirate of Tripoli, and began the siege of Arqa on 14 February 1099, apparently with the intent of founding an independent territory in Tripoli that could limit the power of Bohemond to expand the Principality of Antioch to the south.

In 1099 Jerusalem was captured by the Western Christian army of the First Crusade and remained in their hands until recaptured by the Arab Muslims led by Saladin, on October 2, 1187.

Fatmid control of Jerusalem ended when it was captured by Crusaders in July 1099.

In the year 492 AH ( 1099 AD ), Jerusalem was captured by the crusaders and its inhabitants were massacred.

In 1073 Palestine was captured by the Great Seljuq Empire, only to be recaptured by the Fatimids in 1098, who then lost the region to the Crusaders in 1099.

Jerusalem was captured from the Fatimids on July 15, 1099, after a long siege, and immediately the crusaders learned that a Fatimid army was on its way to besiege them.

Those who could not pay for their freedom were forced into slavery ; Saladin freed some of them, however, and allowed for an orderly march away from Jerusalem, preventing the sort of massacre that had occurred when the Crusaders captured the city in 1099.

The laws of both were said to have been written down from the very beginning in 1099, and were simply lost when Jerusalem was captured by Saladin in 1187.

Saladin acquiesced, and the two agreed that the city would be handed over to Saladin peacefully, preventing the sort of massacre that had occurred when the crusaders captured the city in 1099.

Shafer adds that, " When the crusaders captured Jerusalem in 1099, they killed Muslims, Jews, and native Christians indiscriminately ".

The Kingdom of Jerusalem had its origins in the First Crusade, when Godfrey of Bouillon took the title Advocatus Sancti Sepulchri ( Protector of the Holy Sepulcher ) in 1099 and was crowned as ruler of Jerusalem in the Church of the Nativity in Bethlehem.

It is met with during the reign of Paschal II ( 1099 – 118 ), and replaced the profession of faith.

Greek fire continued to be mentioned during the 12th century, and Anna Komnene gives a vivid description of its use in a naval battle against the Pisans in 1099.

* 1099 – First Crusade: 15, 000 starving Christian soldiers march in a religious procession around Jerusalem as its Muslim defenders look on.

The kingdom lasted nearly two hundred years, from 1099 until 1291 when the last remaining possession, Acre, was destroyed by the Mamluks, but its history is divided into two distinct periods.

Begun under the direction of the Countess Matilda of Tuscany with its first stone laid June 6, 1099 and its crypt ready for the city's patron, Saint Geminianus, and consecrated only six years later, the Duomo of Modena was finished in 1184.

Bethsan was occupied by Tancred in 1099 ; it was never part of Galilee, despite its location, but became a royal domain in 1101, probably until around 1120.

The all encompassing Presidential Decree 1099 of September 7, 2010 that modernised and reorganised the entire Russian awards system away from its Soviet past changed the statute of the Order to a ribbon mounted single class Order.

This powerful structure withstood the assault of the Crusaders in 1099, and surrendered only when its defenders were guaranteed safe passage out of the city.

Upon its capitulation in 1099, Ramla was left under the supervision of Robert of the diocese of Rouen, whom the crusaders installed as Bishop of Lydda and Ramla.

The present Order was modified to its current design and award criteria by Presidential Decree 1099 of September 7, 2010.