) ( 1975 ), English Historical Documents III, 1189 – 1327, London, Eyre & Spottiswoode.

* 1189 – Richard I " the Lionheart " accedes to the English throne.

Frederick embarked on the Third Crusade ( 1189 ), a massive expedition in conjunction with the French, led by king Philip Augustus, and the English, under Richard the Lionheart.

), in: English Historical Documents 1042 – 1189, London, 1959

There is no evidence that the English actually occupied the castle, and it was formally handed back by Richard I of England in 1189.

The word is documented in English since 1274 ( attested in Anglo-Latin from c. 1189 ), and stems from Old French pellori ( 1168 ; modern French pilori, see below ), itself from medieval Latin pilloria, of uncertain origin, perhaps a diminutive of Latin pila " pillar, stone barrier.

* 1189 Death of Henry II, Richard I accedes to the English throne.

His record of charter witnessing bears this out ; between 1189 and 1194 Coutances was among the most prolific of the witnesses to the king's English charters, but not after 1194.

: Now in the year of our Lord's incarnation 1189, Richard, the son of King Henry the Second, by Eleanor, and brother of Henry the Third, was consecrated king of the English by Baldwin, archbishop of Canterbury, at Westminster, in the nones of the third of September.

The English kings had a long history of presuming an overlordship of Scotland, harking back to the late 12th century when Scotland had actually been a vassal state of England for 15 years from 1174 ( Treaty of Falaise ) until the Quitclaim of Canterbury ( 1189 ), but the legality of the 13th century claim was questionable.

* Henry II of England ( 1133 – 1189 ), king before the title Prince of Wales was used for the heir to the English throne.

However, the marriage – and thus one avenue of Capetian aggrandisement – failed: the couple produced only two daughters, and suffered marital discord ; driven to secure the future of the House, Louis thus divorced Aliénor ( who went on to marry Henry II of England ( 1133 – 1189 ), and be known to English history as Eleanor of Aquitaine ), and married twice more before finally securing a son, Philippe Dieu-donné (" The God-Given "), who would continue the House as Philip II Augustus ( 1165 – 1223 ), and break the power of the Angevins – the family of Aliénor and Henry II – in France.

Ivan Asen I ( also in Romanian Ioan Asan I, in English John Asen I ) () ruled as emperor ( tsar ) of Bulgaria 1189 – 1196.

* 1189 – Friedrich Barbarossa arrives at Niš, the capital of Serbian King Stefan Nemanja, during the Third Crusade.

Richard I ( 8 September 1157 – 6 April 1199 ) was King of England from 6 July 1189 until his death.

He maintained good relations with King Henry until the latter's death in 1189.

Henry II died in 1189 and was succeeded by Richard I. Rhys considered that he was no longer bound by the agreement with King Henry and attacked the Norman lordships surrounding his territory.

* 1189: On September 3, Richard is crowned King of England in Westminster.

* March 5 – King Henry II of England ( d. 1189 )

A compromise was eventually reached in 1290, whereby a liberty was considered legitimate as long as it could be shown to have been exercised since the coronation of King Richard I, in 1189.

In 1168, Henry married Matilda ( 1156 – 1189 ), the daughter of King Henry II of England and Duchess Eleanor of Aquitaine and sister of King Richard I of England.

King Richard however, confirmed the offer and so in August 1189, at the age of 43, the Marshal married the 17-year-old daughter of Richard de Clare ( Strongbow ).

In August 1189, at the age of 43, William Marshal, held by many to be the greatest knight in Christendom, was given the hand of Isabel de Clare, and, in 1199, was created the 1st Earl of Pembroke by King John.

After the death of King Henry in 1189, the new King Richard I appointed Walter Bishop of Salisbury ; the election took place on 15 September 1189 at Pipewell, with the consecration on 22 October 1189 at Westminster.

Tancred ( 1138 – 20 February 1194 ) was King of Sicily from 1189 to 1194.

As soon as William II died, in 1189, Tancred rebelled and seized control of the island, and he was crowned King Tancred I of Sicily early in 1190.

Earlier, King Henry II ( 1154 – 1189 ) had adopted the jury as a means of resolving land disputes and then more generally.

* Richard I Lionheart ( 1189 – 99 ), also King of England, duke in right of his mother.

During the reign of King Richard I ( 1189 – 1199 ) the short-cross coinage continued unchanged, even to the extent of still being inscribed.

According to the late 13th-century Hundred Rolls, King Henry II of England ( d. 1189 ) gave William of Wrotham lands at North Petherton.

Upon the death of her husband Henry on 6 July 1189, Richard was his undisputed heir.

On 13 August 1189, Richard sailed from Barfleur to Portsmouth, and was received with enthusiasm.

John's elder brothers William, Henry and Geoffrey died young ; by the time Richard I became king in 1189, John was a potential heir to the throne.

Richard and Philip fought a joint campaign against Henry, and by the summer of 1189 the king made peace, promising Richard the succession.

When John's elder brother Richard became king in September 1189, he had already declared his intention of joining the Third Crusade.

This had been rescinded by Richard I in exchange for financial compensation in 1189, but the relationship remained uneasy.

The capture of the city led to the Third Crusade, launched in 1189 and led by Richard the Lionheart, Philip Augustus and Frederick Barbarossa, though the last drowned en route.

Then in 1189 Richard openly joined forces with Philip to drive Henry into abject submission.

Philip went on the Third Crusade ( 1189 – 1192 ) with Richard I of England and the Holy Roman Emperor, Frederick I Barbarossa.

On 4 July 1189, Richard and Philip's forces defeated Henry's army at Ballans.

Richard I was officially crowned duke on 20 July 1189 and king in Westminster Abbey on 3 September 1189.

* 1189 – Richard I of England ( a. k. a. Richard " the Lionheart ") is crowned at Westminster.

Then Richard the Lionheart, needing money to take part in the Third Crusade, agreed to terminate it in return for 10, 000 silver marks, on 5 December 1189.

After Henry II's death in 1189 the countship, together with the rest of his dominions, passed to his son Richard I of England, but on the death of the latter in 1199, Arthur of Brittany ( born in 1187 ) laid claim to the inheritance, which ought, according to him, to have fallen to his father Geoffrey, fourth son of Henry II, in accordance with the custom by which " the son of the eldest brother should succeed to his father's patrimony.

An early town charter from 1189 granted by Richard I of England describes it as " Hereford in Wales ".