John died of dysentery contracted whilst on campaign in eastern England during late 1216 ; supporters of his son Henry III went on to achieve victory over Louis and the rebel barons the following year.

In January 1216 John marched against Alexander II of Scotland, who had allied himself with the rebel cause.

When civil war broke out in England in 1215, he supported the rebel barons and ferried Prince Louis of France across the Channel to help them in 1216.

The castle was besieged twice, in 1216 and 1217, during the dispute between King John, rebel barons, and the French prince.

During the war, the rebel barons, supported by Prince Louis of France, captured much of eastern England ; Cambridge Castle fell in 1216.

The Scottish forces reached the south coast of England at the port of Dover where in September 1216, Alexander paid homage to the pretender Prince Louis of France for his lands in England, chosen by the barons to replace King John.

When the Emperor Henry I died on 11 July 1216, Andrew was planning to acquire the imperial throne, but the barons of the Latin Empire proclaimed his father-in-law, Peter of Courtenay their emperor.

Because he had sealed under duress, however, John received approval from the Pope to break his word as soon as hostilities had ceased, provoking the First Barons ' War and an invited French invasion by Prince Louis of France ( whom the majority of the English barons had invited to replace John on the throne and had him proclaimed king in London in May 1216 ).

Pope Innocent III ( d. 1216 ; mural 1219 ) Some barons began to conspire against King John in 1209 and 1212 ; promises made to the northern barons and John's submission to universal rule of the papacy in 1213 delayed a French invasion.

On 11 November 1216 at Gloucester, upon the death of King John, William Marshal was named by the king's council ( the chief barons who had remained loyal to King John in the First Barons ' War ) to serve as protector of the nine year old King Henry III, and regent of the kingdom.

In 1215, the English barons rebelled in the First Barons ' War against the unpopular King John of England ( 1199 – 1216 ).

The barons offered the throne to Prince Louis, who landed unopposed on the Isle of Thanet in England at the head of an army on 21 May 1216.

But just when it seemed that England was his, King John's death in October 1216 caused many of the rebellious barons to desert Louis in favour of John's nine-year-old son, Henry III.

The result was that although there were around 400 castles in England in 1216, the number of castles continued to diminish over the coming years ; even the wealthier barons were inclined to let some castles slide into disuse and to focus their resources on the remaining stock.

However, with the death of John in October 1216, the barons changed their allegiance to John's son, the nine-year-old Henry.

In practice, however, under Henry III ( reigned 1216 – 1272 ), scutage rates usually amounted to three marcs, but required the assent of the barons, and levies occurred only on adequate occasions.

John died towards the end of the civil conflict in 1216 ; although according to the laws of primogeniture the claim of Eleanor was better, English barons allowed King John's young son, Henry, to succeed, leaving the 32-year-old princess, now beautiful and defiant, still in prison and guarded by Peter de Maulay.

On 16 December 1216, during the First Barons ' War, Hertford Castle surrendered after a siege from Dauphin Louis ( later Louis VIII of France ), whom the English barons had invited to England to replace John as King.

The castle was captured by Prince Louis of France who invaded England in 1216 at the invitation of the English barons who were disillusioned with King John.

He was one of the feudal barons who became a target for the anger of King John of England, whose forces attacked Oswestry town and burned it in 1216.

In the wars between King John and his barons Roger Bigod garrisoned Norwich Castle against the king, who in 1216 on his retreat from Lynn lost his baggage in The Wash.

* 1216 – First Barons ' War: Prince Louis of France captured the city of Winchester and soon conquered over half of the Kingdom of England.

Prince Louis intended to land in the south of England in May 1216, and John assembled a naval force to intercept him.

* Despite successfully invading England in 1216, being proclaimed King Louis of England in London and conquering half the country, under the terms of the treaty of Lambeth Louis is not counted as one of the Kings of England.

This so infuriated Isabella, who had a deep-seated hatred of Blanche due to the latter having fervently supported the French invasion of England during the First Barons ' War in May 1216, that she began to actively conspire against King Louis.

In 1216 a baronial plan to put Louis VIII of France on the throne of England in the First Barons ' War was warmly welcomed by him.

On 14 June 1216, Louis captured Winchester and soon controlled over half of the English kingdom.

On 21 May 1216, Prince Louis of France landed at Sandwich in support of the baron's war against King John.

The castle withstood a lengthy siege in the summer and autumn of 1216, and Louis withdrew.

in 1216 the castle's defences were put to the test in the First Barons War, when the forces of the future King of France, Louis VIII, besieged the town in December.

King Henry II rebuilt the castle in stone, but in 1216, during the First Barons ' War, it was besieged and captured after 25 days by Prince Louis of France.

Louis ' campaign was initially successful and he captured London and Winchester before Portchester Castle surrendered to his forces in June 1216.

* Robert I of Artois ( 1216 – 1250 ), son of King Louis VIII of France

This came in May 1216, when watchmen on the coast of Thanet detected sails on the horizon, and on the next day, the King of England and his armies saw Louis ' troops disembark on the coast of Kent.

Apart from Dover, the only castle to hold out against Louis was that at Windsor, where 60 loyalist knights survived a two-month siege, despite severe damage to the structure of its lower ward ( immediately repaired in 1216 by Henry III, who further strengthened the defences with the construction of the western curtain wall, much of which survives today ).

London was held by Louis ( indeed, it was his seat of government ) and therefore could not be used for this coronation so, on 28 October 1216, they brought the boy from the castle at Devizes to Gloucester Abbey in front of a small attendance presided over by a Papal Legate, Guala Bicchieri ( d. 1227, bishop of Vercelli, papal legate in England 1216 – 18 ).

On 6 December 1216 Louis took Hertford Castle but allowed the defending knights to leave with their horses and weapons.

* Judith of Saxony, ( 1 ) ∞ 17 November 1239 King Eric IV of Denmark (* 1216 – 1250 *); and ( 2 ) ∞ Burchard VIII of Querfurt-Rosenburg, Burgrave of Magdeburg ( 1273 – 1313 recorded )

In 1216 the French Dauphin Louis VIII besieged King John in the castle for two weeks.

Robert I of Artois ( 1216 – 8 February 1250 ), called the Good, was the first Count of Artois, the fifth ( and second surviving ) son of Louis VIII of France and Blanche of Castile.

Their son, Archambaud VIII " the Great ", seigneur de Bourbon from the year 1216 to the year 1242, rose to connétable de (" the constable of ...") France, the commander-in-chief of the French military.

On 14 June 1216 he joined Prince Louis ( later Louis VIII of France ) after King John abandoned Winchester.